Part 10

Fringe on rugs intended for hanging, 99.

Frog, symbolism of, 158.

Fu-Chan, 171.

Fu-Chau, 162, 165.

Fusenbeth, F. C., D.D., 176.

Fylfot design, 42, 148, 159.

G

Gask, 167.

Gauls, red favorite color of, 48.

Gäzne, 165.

Gemerik, 169, 171.

Genghis Khan, 100.

Genghis rugs, 100.

Geometrical designs replace floral in India, 88.

Germantown yarn used in Navajo rugs, 147.

Germany, rug-weaving in, 142.

Ghain, 167.

Ghayn, 167.

Ghazni, 165, 171.

Ghilan, silk trade in, 124; spelling, 167, 171.

Ghileem rugs, _see_ Khilim rugs.

Ghiordes, 169, 171.

Ghiordes knotting, 34, 35.

Ghiordes panel in Meles prayer rug, 80.

Ghiordes rugs, 41, 74 (plate), 75, 78, 122.

Ghiordium, 75.

Gilan, 163, 167.

Goa, 166, 171.

Goats replace sheep in rocky regions, 72; raised by Turkomans, 98.

Gobelins manufactory, 141.

"Goddess of silkworms," 123.

Gold warp used for antique Persian rugs, 53; in state rugs of India, 89; in Polish rugs, 119; in Chinese silk rugs, 124.

Goodyear, William H., 176.

Goose, symbolism of, 157.

Gorakhpur, 166, 171.

Gordis, 169.

Gordus, 169.

Görevan rugs, 60.

Gorukpore, 166.

Gourd, symbolism of, 157.

"Grammar of Ornament, The," Jones, 176.

"Grammar of the Lotus, The," Goodyear, 176.

Grant, Mrs. Frederick D., rug owned by, 90.

Graves, custom of hanging rugs over, 20.

Great Britain, power looms in, 24, 25; rug manufacture in, 138.

Great Rug in the Palace of Chehel Sitoon, Ispahan, 95.

Greece, rug-weaving in, 19; swastika design in rugs of, 43; saffron favorite color in, 48; silk-weaving in, 123; ancient and modern rugs of, 132, 133; place-names, 170.

"Greek and Roman Antiquities," Smith, 177.

Greek Christian weavers, 71; in Hereke, 76.

Green dyes, how produced, 45; symbolism of, 47, 48; used though forbidden by law, 81.

Guendje rugs, 100, 101.

Guli Hinnai design, 43, 60.

Gulistan, 163, 165, 171.

Gundava, 165, 171.

Gürdiz, 169.

H

Haidamoor, 169, 171.

Haidamur rugs, 111, 112.

Haidarabad rugs, 91.

Haiderabad, 163, 166, 171.

Hair, lock of, woven in Kis Khilims, 118.

Hakkam, 169, 171.

Halifax, power looms in, 24.

Hamadam, 171.

Hamadan, 55, 56, 58, 59, 167.

Hamadan rugs, 60 (plate), 61.

"Hand Atlas of India," Constable, 175.

Hand looms, 22.

"Handbook of Ornament," Meyer, 177.

Hang-chau, 165, 171.

Hangings, rugs used as, 16, 55.

Hare, symbolism of, 161.

Havermeyer, late H. O., rug owned by estate of, 114 (plate).

Hawk, symbolism of, 158.

Hay, Mr., owner of Theban rug, 17.

Hayzoor, 169, 172.

Heart, symbolism of, 161.

Hedin, Sven, 176.

Hemp, 30, 81.

Herat, 59, 61, 87,95, 163, 165, 172.

Herat design in Great Rug, 95.

Herat rugs, 40, 42, 61.

Herati border, 40, 59, 61, 64, 69, 117.

Hereke, 169.

Hereke rugs, 76.

Herez, 58, 60, 167, 172.

Herez rugs, 62.

Hindoo designs, 88; religious abstinence from sheep flesh, 88.

Hippopotamus, symbolism of, 161.

Hissan, 172.

Hissar, 168, 169, 172.

"History of Ancient Art," Lübke, 176.

"History of Ancient Art," Reber, 177.

"History of Art among the Greeks," Winkleman, 178.

"History of Art in Ancient Egypt," Perrot and Chipiez, 177.

"History of Art in Chaldea and Assyria," Perrot and Chipiez, 177.

"History of Bokhara," Vámbéry, 178.

"History of Painting," Van Dyke, 178.

"History of Persia," Malcom, 176.

Hog, symbolism of, 161.

Holland, rug-weaving in, 142.

Holt, George Hubbard, rugs owned by, 95 (plate), 122 (plate).

Holy Land, rugs of the, 111, 112.

Homs, 169, 172.

Hooked rugs, New England, 143, 144.

Hossu, 169.

Hounds, symbolism of, 160.

Hulme, F. Edward, 176.

Human figure introduced into design, 67.

Hunting rugs, Persian, 124 (plate), 128.

Hyderabad, 166.

I

Ibis, symbolism of, 158.

"Iconographic Encyclopædia of the Arts and Sciences," 176.

"Illumination," Westwood, 178.

Import duties to United States on rugs, 56.

"In the Forbidden Land," Landor, 176.

India, looms used in, 23, 82 (plate); weavers, 26; superstitions among weavers, 29; wool from, 30; rugs woven of pashim, 30; rugs of various knottings, 35; firms having factories in, 35; Occidental designs introduced into, 38; use of talims in, 39; raises madder, 44; symbolism of colors, 48; of designs, 159; place-names, 166.

Indian designers, 32 (plate).

"Indian Industries," James, 176.

Indian rugs, 78 (plate), 87-94; _see under_ India.

Indicum, _see_ Indigo.

Indigo, 45-47.

_Indigofera tinctoria_, Indian indigo plant, 46.

"Industrial Arts of India, The," Birdwood, 175.

"Industrial Arts of the Nineteenth Century," Wyatt, 178.

Industrial Museum at Berlin, rug in collection of, 154.

Inman, Thomas, M.D., 176.

Inscriptions on rugs, 70, 124 (plate), 153-155.

Irak, 167.

Irak-Ajemi province, 64, 69, 167, 172.

Iran (Persia), 62.

Islamabad, 163.

Ispahan, 55, 95, 121, 163, 167, 172.

Ispahan rugs, 62.

Istalif, 165, 172.

Italy, rug-weaving introduced by Saracens, 20; silk culture in, 123.

J

Jabalpur, 166, 172.

Jails, rugs woven in, 78 (plate), 88, 90.

Jaipur, 166, 172.

Jaipur rugs, 91.

Jalal-ud-Din Mahomed, 87.

Jalandhar, 166, 172.

James, A. G. F. Eliot, 176.

Jammu, 166, 172.

Jamu, 166.

Japanese looms, 24; rugs, 116; symbols, 160; place-names, 167.

Jelalabad, 165, 172.

Jerusalem, 163, 169, 172.

Jewish legend of invention of spinning and weaving, 16.

Jeypore, 166.

Jhalawan (District), 165, 172.

Jodhpur, 166.

Jones, Owen, 176.

Joohpur, 172.

_Journal of the Society of Arts_, 176.

"Journeys in Persia and Kurdistan," Bishop, 175.

Jubbulpore, 166.

Jubbulpur, 166.

Jug, symbolism of, 161.

Jullinder, 166.

Jute, 30, 116.

K

Kabistan rugs, 106.

Kabul, 95, 165, 172.

Kabul sheep, 30.

Kain, 167, 172.

Kairouan, 169, 172.

Kairuan, 135.

Kaisarieh, 169, 172.

Kandahar, 163, 165, 172.

Karabacek, Dr. Joseph, 176.

Karabagh province, 63; meaning of _Karabagh_, 163; spelling, 168, 172.

Karabagh rugs, 106.

Kara Dagh rugs, 63; meaning of _Kara Dagh_, 163; spelling, 167.

Kara-Geuz rugs, 77.

Karahissar, 169, 172.

Karajah Dagh, 71.

Karaman rugs, 77; spelling, 169, 172.

Karamanian rugs, 117.

Karashar, 165, 172.

Kars, 168, 172.

Kashan, 125, 167, 172.

Kashgar, 165, 172.

Kashgar rugs, 101, 103.

Kashmir, capital of, 93; spelling, 166, 172.

Kashmir shawls and rugs, 89, 108.

Kashmir wool, 30.

Kazak rugs, 106, 107, 108 (plate).

Kazan, 168, 172.

Kchatchli rugs, _see_ Khalatch rugs.

Kelat, 163, 165, 172.

Kelim rugs, _see_ Khilim rugs.

Kerkuk, 169, 172.

Kermanshah rugs, 63; spelling, 167, 172.

Kermanshahan, 167.

Kermes, red dye, 45.

Khalatch rugs, 101.

Khalatch tribe, 101.

Khilim rugs, 34, 117 (and plate), 118.

Khiva, 103, 168, 172.

Khiva rugs, 100, 102.

Khokand, 168.

Khonsar, 167, 172.

Khora-mabad, 167, 172.

Khorasan (Province), 167.

Khorassan province, 55, 56, 64, 95; meaning of _Khorassan_, 163; spelling, 167, 172.

Khorassan rugs, 40, 42, 56 (plate), 64, 66.

Khorsabad, 169, 172.

Khotan silk rugs, 124; felt rugs, 126.

Khozdar, 165, 172.

Khuzistan, 167, 172.

Khyrpur, 166, 172.

Kiang-su, 165, 172.

Kidderminster, power looms in, 24.

Kilim rugs, _see_ Khilim rugs.

Kioto, 167, 172.

Kirman, modern rug-weaving district, 55; value of rug trade, 56; spelling, 167, 172.

Kirman rugs, 64, 120 (plate).

Kirmanshah rugs, 41.

Kir-Shehr rugs, 77; spelling, 169, 172.

Kis Khilims, 117.

Knight, Richard Payne, 176.

Knot and flower design, symbolism of, 159.

Knots and knotting, 23, 32, 34-36, 93.

Kohat, 166, 172.

Kokand, 168, 172.

Konieh rugs, 78; spelling, 169, 172.

Kotah, 166, 172.

Koula, 169.

Kuba, 106, 168, 172.

Kucha, 165, 172.

Kuchan, 167.

Kulah rugs, 78, 80, 122; spelling, 169, 172.

Kurdish rug design represented in ancient Nineveh, 17.

Kurdish rugs, wool used in, 65; woven by girls and women, 78; durability and colors, 79; mihrab in, 117.

Kurdistan, modern rug-weaving district, 55; nomadic tribes of Western, 87; spelling 167, 168, 172.

Kurdistan rugs, characteristic designs of 40; value of trade in, 56; descriptions, 65, 78.

Kurds, nomadic tribes, 65, 71.

Kushmore, 166, 172.

Kutahia rugs, 79; spelling, 169, 172.

Kutai, 169.

Kutayah, 169.

Kwatah, 163, 165.

L

Ladik rugs, 79; spelling, 169, 173.

Lahore, 166, 173.

Landor, A. Henry Savage, 176.

Laodicea, 79, 122.

Lar, 167, 173.

Largest rug woven, 95.

Laristan province, 66, 167, 173.

Laristan rugs, 66.

Layard, Austen Henry, 176.

Lenormant, François, 176.

Leopards, symbolism of, 160.

Lessing, Julius, 176.

"Life in Ancient Egypt," Emmaus, 176.

Lily, symbolism of, 161.

Linen, 30.

Lion, symbolism of, 157, 160.

"Lives of the Queens of England," Strickland, 178.

Lizard, symbolism of, 158.

Lobanow-Rostowsky, Prince Alexis, rug owned by, 36.

Lock, Charles G. W., 177.

Looms, 22-24 (and plate), 82 (plate), 111, 147.

Lotus design, 43, 158.

Lourdes, French weaver, 141.

_Louvre, Palais du_, rugs woven in, 141.

Lübke, Wilhelm, 176.

Lucknow, 91, 166, 173.

Luristan (Province), 167, 173.

M

Maciet, M.J., Paris, rug owned by, 128.

Madder, 44.

Madras, 166.

Madras rugs, 92.

Magpie, symbolism of, 157.

Makran, 167, 173.

Malabar (District), 166, 173.

Malair, 56.

Malcom, Sir John, 176.

Mandalay, 166.

"Manual of Archæology," Ely, 176.

"Manual of Design," Redgrave, 177.

"Manual of Egyptian Archæology," Maspero, 176.

"Manual of Oriental Antiquities," Babelon, 175.

"Manual of Sculpture," 177.

"Manual of the Ancient History of the East," Lenormant and Chevalier, 176.

"Manual of the Historical Development of Art, A," Zerffi, 178.

Manufacturers of rugs, 35.

Marash, 169, 173.

Maresh, 169.

Marvin, Charles, 176.

Maspero, Gaston C. Charles, 176, 177.

Mastung, 165, 173.

Masulipatam rugs,92; spelling, 166,173.

Materials used in rug-weaving, 30.

Mazandaran, 167, 173.

McCormick, Mrs. Cyrus H., rug owned by, 108 (plate).

Meandrian motif in Chinese rugs, 114.

Mecca rug, 68; meaning of _Mecca_, 163; spelling, 169, 173.

Medallion design, 43.

Medina, 169, 173.

Mehran, 167, 173.

Mekran (District), 167.

Melasso, 169.

Meles rugs, 80, 122.

Melhaz, _see_ Meles rugs.

Mersherski, established Polish rug factory, 119.

Merut, 166, 173.

Merv, 117.

"Merv Oasis, The," O'Donovan, 177.

"Merv, the Queen of the World," Marvin, 176.

Meshed, 163.

Meshhed, 64, 167, 173.

Meshhed rugs, 56 (plate), 64, 66.

Mesopotamia, monuments show ancient rug-weavers, 16; spelling, 168.

Meyer's "Handbook of Ornament," 177.

"Middle Kingdom, The," Williams, 178.

Mihrab in prayer rug, 120.

Milassa, 80, 169, 173.

Mina Khani design, 43.

Mir, 67.

Mir-Saraband rugs, 66, 67.

Mirzapore, 163.

Mirzapur rugs, 92; spelling, 166, 173.

Misratah, 169, 173.

Mohair from Angora goat, 30, 72.

Mohair rugs, 72, 77, 80.

Mohammedan religion does not allow use of animal forms, 37; used by Shiah sect and others, 38; green sacred color, 48, 81; white emblem of mourning, 48; introduction of rug-weaving into India, 87.

Moodj mats, 92.

Moorish rugs, 134.

Moors introduced rug-weaving into the West, 141; indirectly taught weaving of Navajo blankets, 147.

Moradabod, 166.

Morocco rugs, _see_ Moorish rugs.

Morris rug, 139.

Morris, William, 138-140.

Moslems, _see under_ Mohammedan.

Mosques, location of, 120.

Mosul rugs, 80; spelling, 169, 173.

Moussul, 169.

Mujur, 173.

Multan rugs, 92, 93; spelling, 166,173.

Mumford, John Kimberly, 177.

"Mummy Badge, The," Budge, 175.

Müntz, Eugene, 177.

Murex, source of Phoenician purple, 18, 45.

Murshidabad, 166, 173.

Muskabad rugs, 66, 70.

Mylasso, 169.

Mysore, 166, 173.

Mysore rugs, 93.

"Mythology and Egyptian Christianity," Sharpe, 177.

N

Naamah, legendary inventor of spinning, 16.

Nagpur, 166, 173.

Names of rugs, 94.

Natural forms in rug designs, 19, 21, 37, 65.

Navajo Indian Reservation, 146.

Navajo rugs, swastika design in, 43; description of, 146-149 (and plate).

Navajo women's costume, 148.

New England hooked or rag rugs, 143, 144.

Nile Key, symbolism of, 158.

"Nineveh and Babylon," Layard, 176.

"Nineveh and its Remains," Layard, 176.

Nineveh marbles, 17; fall of, 19.

Ning-po, 163, 165, 173.

Niris, Lake, 66.

Niris rugs, 66.

Niriz, 167, 173.

Nishapur, 167, 173.

Nomadic weavers, 26; design peculiar to, 41.

North Arcot (District), 166, 173.

O

Octagon design, 43.

O'Dagree, H. Eugene, 177.

O'Donovan, Edmund, 177.

Odor of rugs, 95, 96.

Old man leaning on staff, symbolism of, 157.

Olive, symbolism of, 161.

Onteora rugs, 144.

Oorfa, 169.

Orange, symbolism of, 48.

"Oriental Carpets," Clarke, 175.

"Oriental Carpets," Coxon, 175.

"Oriental Carpets," Lessing, 176.

"Oriental Rugs," Mumford, 177.

Oriental symbols, 156-162.

"Origin of Pagan Idolatry," Faber, 176.

"Origin of Pictish Symbolism," Southesk, 177.

Ormarah, 165, 173.

"Ornement Polychrome, L'," Racinet, 177.

Ouchak, 81, 169, 173.

Ouchak rugs, 78, 81.

Oushak, 169.

Oustri-Nan rugs, 66; spelling, 167,173.

Outlines of black and white, 47.

Owephissa, 170, 173.

Owl, symbolism of, 157, 161.

Ox, symbolism of, 161.

P

Palestine rugs, 111.

Palm leaf designs, 41.

Palm tree, symbolism of, 159.

Palmer, Mrs. Potter, rug owned by, 90.

Palmette, forms of, 39, 40.

Papyrus, importance to Egyptians, 51; symbolism of, 159.

Pashim (goat's wool), 30, 93.

Patna, 166, 173.

Patna rugs, 93.

Patriarchs' graves, rugs hung over, 20.

Patterns, small, used by Demirdji weavers, 75.

Paul's Tent Cloth, 72.

Peach, symbolism of, 157.

Peacock, symbolism of, 160, 161.

Peacock Throne at Teheran, 124.

Pearls interwoven in silk rug, 124.

Pequaket, N. H., 143.

Pergamo, 168.

Pergamos, 74.

Perrot, Georges, 177.

"Persia and the Persian Question," Curson, 175.

"Persia and the Persians," Wheeler, 178.

Persia, significance of white in, 48; antiquity of rug-making in, 53; civilization of, 53; rugs principal source of income, 54; use of rugs in, 54; export and import trade and value of rug industry, 55, 56; home consumption of part of product, 54, 56; manufacturing firms, 56, 57; official name, Iran, 62; silk trade with China, 123; place-names, 167.

"Persian Art," Smith, 177.

Persian berries, 44, 45.

Persian coat of arms, 160.

Persian designs in India, 87, 88; in Jaipur rugs, 91; in Lahore rugs, 91; in Warangul rugs, 93; once used in Japan, 116.

Persian Empire, its conquest by Saracens, 19.

Persian knotting, 34-36.

"Persian Life and Customs," Wilson, 178.

Persian rugs, Tree of Life design on, 17; value of, 28; excellence of design and coloring, 37; animal designs, 37, 38; designs and borders in good antiques, 38; characteristic designs, 40-43; choice of colors, 47; use of, in Persia, 54; small ones not exported, 54; durability of fine specimens, 54; used as hangings, 55; districts where woven, 55; experts can tell where woven, 55; value of trade in, 55, 56; export and import duties on, 56; manufactured for Western markets, 56, 57; descriptions of characteristic weaves, 58-70; preferred to Indian, 87; silk rugs, 124 (plate), 125; hunting rugs, 128; antique rug, 156 (plate); symbols, 160.

Persian weavers taken to India, 87.

Persian wool, 30.

"Persische Nadelmalerei, Die," Karabacek, 176.

Peshawar sheep, 30; meaning of _Peshawar_, 163; spelling, 166, 173.

Petrie, William Matthews Flinders. 177.

"Pharaohs, Fellahs, and Explorers," Third Lecture, Edwards, 176.

Philadelphia, power looms in, 24; rug-production of, 143.

Phillips, G., 177.

Phoenician art, 18.

Phoenician purple, 18.

Phoenix, symbolism of, 157, 160, 162.

Pig, symbolism of, 162.

Pine cone, symbolism of, 169.

Pine trees, symbolism of, 160.

Pirot, Servia, 136.

Place-names associated with rugs, meanings of, 162, 163; various spellings of, 164-174.

Pliny, quoted, 45.

Plutarch, quoted, 45.

Polish rugs, 119.

Pomegranate design, 41, 159.

Poona, 166, 173.

Pooneh, 166.

Power looms, 22, 24.

Prayer rugs, Ghiordes, 75; Ghiordes and Kulah, 78; Ladik, 79; modern and antique compared, 80; Beluchistan, 97; Karamanian and Kurdish, 117; description, 120-122.

Puckered edges of Sinna rugs, 69.

Pueblo Indians taught rug-weaving by Spaniards, 147.

Punjab, capital of the, 91.

Purple, _see_ Phoenician and Tyrian purple; symbolism of, 47; favorite color of Romans, 48.

Purpurin (red coloring-matter), 44.

Pushmina rugs, 93.

Q

Qourdes, 169.

Quaritch, Bernhard, 139.

"Quarterly Papers on Architecture," Weale, 178.

Quetta, 165, 173.

R

Rabat, 134.

Rachova, 170, 173.

Racinet, M. A., 177.

Rag rugs, New England, 143, 144.

Raipur, 166.

Ralph, Julian, 88, 89.

Ram, symbolism of, 162.

Rampur, 166, 173.

Rangpur, 166, 173.

Rawar, 167.

Reber, Franz von, 177.

Reciprocal trefoil design, 42, 67.

Reclus, Elisie, 177.

Red, symbolism of, 47, 48.

Redgrave's "Manual of Design," 177.

Reed, symbolism of, 162.

"Religion of Ancient Egypt," Renouf, 177.

"Religion of the Semites," Smith, 177.

Renouf, P. LePage, 177.

Resht, 125, 167, 173.

Restoration of old dyeing, 46.

_Rhamnus chlorophorus_, 45.

_Rhamnus utilis_, 45.

Rhinoceros, symbolism of, 162.

Rhodian lily design, 79.

Riegl, Dr. Alois, 177.

Robinson, Vincent, 177.

Rochdale, power looms in, 24.

Romans, dyes prized by, 45; purple favorite color of, 48.

Rose color, symbolism of, 47.

Rosette, symbolism of, 159.

Rothschild, Baron Adolphe, rug owned by, 128.

Rothschild, Baron Nathaniel, rug owned by, 153.

Roubaix, 169.

Roumanian rugs, 137.

Royalty, yellow symbol of, in China, 47.

_Rubia_, dye-yielding genus, 44.

_Rubia tinctorum_, 44.

Rugs, utility of, 15; origin of need for, 15; weaving of, began, 15; definition of name, 15; identical with carpets, 16; represented in Egyptian wall-paintings, 16, 17; on Nineveh marbles, 17; Egyptian, 18; Assyrians used, as awnings and floor-coverings, 19; rug-weaving in Egypt, Chaldea, Assyria, Asia Minor, and Greece, 19; introduced into Europe, 20; hung over graves, 20; used in Europe during _fêtes_, 20; increasing use of, 21, 26; value by square foot, 28; sometimes woven underground, 29; pashim rugs from India, 30; of camel's hair, 31; knotting in Persian, 32; product of cold districts in demand, 32; selected for Western market, 33; famous rugs in collections, 33; industry encouraged in India, 35; designs in Persian, 37, 38; designs in modern Oriental, 38; proportion between size and design, 39; replace skins in Egypt, 51; modern Egyptian, 51; imported into Egypt, 52; Cairo emporium for sale of, 52; antique Persian, 53; Shah Abbas's encouragement of rug-weaving, 53; value of Shah Abbas rugs, 53; decline and growth of industry in Persia, 54; use of, in Persia, 54; durability of, 54; district where woven determined by design and fabric, 55, 88; value of trade to Persia, 55, 56; export and import duties upon, 56; firms prosecute trade in, 56, 57; quality and design of modern Persian, 57; characteristics of Persian, 58-70; value in Orient, 70; characteristics of Turkish, 71-83; use of, in Turkey, 72; in Constantinople market, 72, 73; characteristics of Indian, 87-94; less expensive than Persian, 88; Indian gold-embroidered state rugs, 89; Lord Clive's rug, 89; rugs have replaced shawls in Kashmir, 89; rugs of Afghanistan, 95, 96; of Beluchistan, 97; Turkoman rugs, 98-104; Caucasian rugs, 105-108; rugs of Holy Land, 111, 112; of China, 113-115; of Japan, 116; Khilim, 117, 118; Polish, 119; prayer, 120-122; silk, 123-125; felt, 126, 127; hunting, Persian, 128; Greek, 132, 133; Moorish and Spanish, 134, 135; Bosnian, Servian, Roumanian, and Bulgarian, 136, 137; English, 138-140; French, 141, 142; United States, 143-149; inscriptions on, 153-155; Oriental symbols on, 156-162; meanings of place-names associated with, 162, 163.

Running hook design, 41.

Russian Empire, place-names, 168.

Rustan Khan, 165, 173.

Ryan, Charles, 177.

S

S-form design, 43.

Sabatos rugs, 144, 145.

Saddlebags, rug-woven, 60.

Saffron, 44, 48.

Safieta, 169.

Safita, 174.

Sail of a vessel, symbolism of, 159.

St. Clement, legendary discoverer of felt, 126, 127.

Sakai, 167, 174.

Samarkand rugs, 102 (and plate), 125; meaning of _Samarkand_, 163; spelling, 168, 174.

Saraband rugs, 42, 59, 66.

Saracens, their conquest and influence, 19; origin of name, 20; introduced tapestries to France, 141.

Sarakhs rugs, 58 (and plate), 67; spelling, 174.

Sarawan, 67, 165, 174.

Sarik tribe, 98.

Saruk rugs, 67.

Savalan rugs, 68, 70.

Savas, 169.

_Savonnerie, La_, rug factory, 141.

Sayce, Archibald Henry, LL.D., 177.

Scarabæus, symbolism of, 159.

Scarlet, symbolism of, 47.

Schwarzenberg, Prince, Vienna, rug owned by, 134.

Scorpion, symbolism of, 162.

Scotland, power looms in, 25.

Scroll design, 43.

"Sculpture, Manual of," 177.

Sedentary weavers, 26, 27.

Se-Ling-She, legendary discoverer of silk-weaving, 123.

Serampur, 166, 174.

Serapi rugs, 69.

Serebend rugs, 66.

Serinuggar, 166.

Serpent, symbolism of, 159, 162.

Serrated leaf design, 43.

Servian rugs, 136.

Shah Abbas design, 43, 59.

Shang-hai, 163, 165, 174.

Shan-tung, 165, 174.

Sharjah, 169, 174.

Sharkah, 169.

Sharpe, Samuel, 177.

Sharrokhs on the Attrek, 87.

Shawls, Kashmir, 89, 108.

Shearing, Indian methods of, 147.

Sheep, not raised in rocky regions, 72; not eaten by Hindoos, 88.

Shelley, G. E., 177.

Shemakha rugs, 108; spelling, 168,174.

Shepherds use felt rugs, 126.

Shiah sect of Moslems employ animal designs, 38

Shikarpur, 166, 174.

Shiraz, 66, 68, 167, 174.

Shiraz rugs, 41, 68 (and plate).

Shirvan, 117, 168, 169, 174.

Shirvan, rugs, 41, 107, 108.

Shirwan, 167, 174.

Shoes removed in house by Persians, 55.

"Short History of Tapestry, A," Müntz, 177.

Show-window demonstrations by Oriental weavers, 21.

Shrouds, rugs used as, 135.

Shusha, 174.

Shushu, 168.

Shuster, ancient capital of Persia, 53, 55; spelling, 167, 174.

Sicily, rug-weaving introduced by Saracens, 20; silk-weaving in, 123.

Silk for rug-weaving, 30; introduced into antique Kirman rugs, 65; silk rugs of Brusa, 74; silk Polish rugs, 119; use of, discovered in China, 123; use of, outside of China, 123; description and prices of silk rugs, 124 (and plate), 125; silk added to wool rugs, 124.

Silver woven in Polish rugs, 119.

Sindh rugs, 93.

Sinna, 117, 167, 174.

Sinna Khilims, 117.

Sinna knotting, 34, 35.

Sinna rugs, characteristic border of, 40; description, 69; plate, 34.

Sirab rugs, 69; spelling, 167, 174.

Sivas rugs, 82; spelling, 174.

Skins sewed into rugs, 115.

Smith, Byron L., rug owned by, 62 (plate).

Smith, Ralph Oliver, rug owned by, 98 (plate).

Smith, Major R. Murdock, R. E., 177.

Smith's "Greek and Roman Antiquities," 177.

Smith's "Religion of the Semites," 177.

Smyrna, madder raised near, 44; trade with, 77, 82; spelling, 169, 174.

Smyrna rugs, 72, 82, 134.

Sohar, 169, 174.

Solar disk with serpents, symbolism of, 159.

Sonmeani, 165, 174.

Soumak rugs, manner of knotting, 34, 35; characteristic design of, 41; description of, 108; _see_ plate, page 30.

Southesk's "Origin of Pictish Symbolism," 177.

Spade design, 42.

Spain, rug-weaving in, 20, 134; silk-weaving in, 123.

Spaniards taught weaving and sheep-raising to American Indians, 147.

Sparta, 169.

Sparta rugs, 83.

Spear, symbolism of, 162.

Spelling of place-names, 164-174.

Sphinx, symbolism of, 159.

Spider, symbolism of, 162.

Spinning, legends of invention of, 16.

Spon, ----, 177.

Squirrel, symbolism of, 162.