Chapter 49

final break with Diderot, i. 336; antecedents of his highest creative efforts, ii. 1; friends at Montmorency, ii. 2; reads the New Heloïsa to the Maréchale de Luxembourg, ii. 2; unwillingness to receive gifts, ii. 5; his relations with the Duke and Duchess de Luxembourg, ii. 7; misunderstands the friendliness of Madame de Boufflers, ii. 7; calm life at Montmorency, ii. 8; literary jealousy, ii. 8; last of his peaceful days, ii. 9; advice to a young man against the contemplative life, ii. 10; offensive form of his "good sense" concerning persecution of Protestants, ii. 11, 12; cause of his unwillingness to receive gifts, ii. 13, 14; owns his ungrateful nature, ii. 15; ill-humoured banter, ii. 15; his constant bodily suffering, ii. 16; thinks of suicide, ii. 16; correspondence with the readers of the New Heloïsa, ii. 19, 20; the New Heloïsa, criticism on, ii. 20-55 (see New Heloïsa); his publishing difficulties, ii. 56; no taste for martyrdom, ii. 59, 60; curious discussion between, ii. 59; and Malesherbes, ii. 60; indebted to Malesherbes in the publication of Emilius, ii. 61, 62; suspects Jesuits, Jansenists, and philosophers of plotting to crush the book, ii. 63; himself counted among the latter, ii. 65; Emilius ordered to be burnt by public executioner, on the charge of irreligious tendency, and its author to be arrested, ii. 65; his flight, ii. 67; literary composition on the journey to Switzerland, ii. 69; contrast between him and Voltaire, ii. 70; explanation of his "natural ingratitude," ii. 71; reaches the canton of Berne, and ordered to quit it, ii. 72; Emilius and Social Contract condemned to be publicly burnt at Geneva, and author arrested if he came there, ii. 72, 73; takes refuge at Motiers, in dominions of Frederick of Prussia, ii. 73; characteristic letters to the king, ii. 74, 77; declines pecuniary help from him, ii. 75; his home and habits at Motiers, ii. 77, 78; Voltaire supposed to have stirred up animosity against him at Geneva, ii. 81; Archbishop of Paris writes against him, ii. 83; his reply, and character as a controversialist, ii. 83-90; life at Val de Travers (Motiers), ii. 91-95; his generosity, ii. 93; corresponds with the Prince of Würtemberg on the education of the prince's daughter, ii. 95, 96; on Gibbon, ii. 96; visit from Boswell, ii. 98; invited to legislate for Corsica, ii. 99, _n._; urges Boswell to go there, ii. 100; denounces its sale by the Genoese, ii. 102; renounces his citizenship of Geneva, ii. 103; his Letters from the Mountain, ii. 104; the letters condemned to be burned at Paris and the Hague, ii. 105; libel upon, ii. 105; religious difficulties with his pastor, ii. 106; ill-treatment of, in parish, ii. 106; obliged to leave it, ii. 108; his next retreat, ii. 108; account in the _Rêveries_ of his short stay there, ii. 109-115; expelled by government of Berne, ii. 116; makes an extraordinary request to it, ii. 116, 117; difficulties in finding a home, ii. 117; short stay at Strasburg, ii. 117, _n._; decides on going to England, ii. 118; his Social Contract, and criticism on, ii. 119, 196 (see Social Contract); scanty acquaintance with history, ii. 129; its effects on his political writings, ii. 129, 136; his object in writing Emilius, ii. 198; his confession of faith, under the character of the Savoyard Vicar (see Emilius), ii. 257-280; excitement caused by his appearance in Paris in 1765, ii. 282; leaves for England in company with Hume, ii. 283; reception in London, ii. 283, 284; George III. gives him a pension, ii. 284; his love for his dog, ii. 286; finds a home at Wootton, ii. 286; quarrels with Hume, ii. 287; particulars in connection with it, ii. 287-296; his approaching insanity at this period, ii. 296; the preparatory conditions of it, ii. 297-301; begins writing the Confessions, ii. 301; their character, ii. 301-304; life at Wootton, ii. 305, 306; sudden flight thence, ii. 306; kindness of Mr. Davenport, ii. 306, 307; his delusion, ii. 307; returns to France, ii. 308; received at Fleury by the elder Mirabeau, ii. 310, 311; the prince of Conti next receives him at Trye, ii. 312; composes the second part of the Confessions here, ii. 312; delusion returns, ii. 312, 313; leaves Trye, and wanders about the country, ii. 312, 313; estrangement from Theresa, ii. 313; goes to Paris, ii. 314; writes his Dialogues there, ii. 314; again earns his living by copying music, ii. 315; daily life in, ii. 315, 316; Bernardin St. Pierre's account of him, ii. 317-321; his veneration for Fénelon, ii. 321; his unsociality, ii. 322; checks a detractor of Voltaire, ii. 324; draws up his Considerations on the Government of Poland, ii. 324; estimate of the Spanish, ii. 324; his poverty, ii. 325; accepts a home at Ermenonville from M. Girardin, ii. 326; his painful condition, ii. 326; sudden death, ii. 326; cause of it unknown, ii. 326 (see also _ib. n._); his interment, ii. 326; finally removed to Paris, ii. 328.

SAINTE BEUVE on Rousseau and Madame d'Epinay, i. 279, _n._; on Rousseau, ii. 40.

Saint Germain, M. de, Rousseau's letter to, i. 123.

Saint Just, ii. 132, 133; his political regulations, ii. 133, _n._; base of his system, ii. 136; against the atheists, ii. 179.

Saint Lambert, i. 244; offers Rousseau a home in Lorraine, ii. 117.

Saint Pierre, Abbé de, Rousseau arranges papers of, i. 244; his views concerning reason, _ib._; boldness of his observations, i. 245.

Saint Pierre, Bernardin de, account of his visit to Rousseau at Paris, ii. 317-321.

Sand, Madame G., i. 81, _n._; Savoy landscape, i. 99, _n._; ancestry of, i. 121, _n._

Savages, code of morals of, i. 178-179, _n._

Savage state, advantages of, Rousseau's letter to Voltaire, i. 312.

Savoy, priests of, proselytisers, i. 30, 31, 33 (also _ib._ _n._)

Savoyard Vicar, the, origin of character of, ii. 257-280 (see Emilius).

Schiller on Rousseau, ii. 192 (also _ib._ _n._); Rousseau's influence on, ii. 315.

Servetus, ii. 180.

Simplification, the revolutionary process and ideal of, i. 4; in reference to Rousseau's music, i. 291.

Social conscience, theory and definition of, ii. 234, 235; the great agent in fostering, ii. 237.

Social Contract, the, ill effect of, on Europe, i. 138; beginning of its composition, i. 177; ideas of, i. 188; its harmful dreams, i. 246; influence of, ii. 1; price of, and difficulties in publishing, ii. 59; ordered to be burnt at Geneva, ii. 72, 73, 104; detailed criticism of, ii. 119-196; Rousseau diametrically opposed to the dominant belief of his day in human perfectibility, ii. 119; object of the work, ii. 120; main position of the two Discourses given up in it, ii. 120; influenced by Locke, ii. 120; its uncritical, illogical principles, ii. 123, 124; its impracticableness, ii. 128; nature of his illustrations, ii. 128-133; the "gospel of the Jacobins," ii. 132, 133; the desperate absurdity of its assumptions gave it power in the circumstances of the times, ii. 135-141; some of its maxims very convenient for ruling Jacobins, ii. 142; its central conception, the sovereignty of peoples, ii. 144; Rousseau not its inventor, ii. 144, 145; this to be distinguished from doctrine of right of subjects to depose princes, ii. 146; Social Contract idea of government, probably derived from Locke,