SCENE II.--4. _Reckoning._ Estimation, reputation.

9. _Fourteen years._ In Brooke's poem her father says, "Scarce saw she yet full xvi. yeres;" and in Paynter's novel "as yet shee is not attayned to the age of xviii. yeares."

13. _Made._ The 1st quarto has "maried," which is followed by some editors. The antithesis of _make_ and _mar_ is a very common one in S. Cf. ii. 4. 110 below: "that God hath made for himself to mar." See also _L. L. L._ iv. 3. 191, _M.N.D._ i. 2. 39, _A.Y.L._ i. 1. 34, _T. of S._ iv. 3. 97, _Macb._ ii. 3. 36, _Oth._ v. 1. 4, etc. On the other hand, examples of the opposition of _married_ and _marred_ are not uncommon in Elizabethan writers. Cf. _A.W._ ii. 3. 315: "A young man married is a man that's marr'd."

14. _All my hopes but she._ Capulet seems to imply here that he has lost some children; but cf. iii. 5. 163 below.

15. _My earth._ My world or my life; rather than my lands, my landed property, as some explain it. It was apparently suggested by the _earth_ of the preceding line.

17. _My will_, etc. My will is subordinate to her consent. The old man talks very differently in iii. 5 below.

25. _Dark heaven._ The darkness of night. Cf. i. 5. 47 below.

26. _Young men._ Malone compares _Sonn._ 98. 2:--

"When proud-pied April dress'd in all his trim Hath put a spirit of youth in every thing."

29. _Female._ The quartos (except the 1st) and 1st folio have the curious misprint "fennell."

30. _Inherit._ Possess; as in _Temp._ iv. 1. 154, _Rich. II._ ii. 1. 83, _Cymb._ iii. 2. 63, etc.

32. _Which on more view_, etc. A perplexing line for which many emendations have been suggested. With the reading in the text the meaning seems to be: _which one_ (referring to _her of most merit_), after your further inspection of the many, my daughter (who is one of the number) may prove to be,--one in number, though one is no number. The quibble at the end alludes to the old proverb that "one is no number." Cf. _Sonn._ 136. 8: "Among a number one is reckon'd none." Dowden points thus: "Which on more view of, many--mine being one--May," etc., and explains thus: "On more view of whom (that is, the lady of most merit), many (other ladies)--and my daughter among them--may stand in a count of heads, but in estimation (_reckoning_, with a play on the word) none can hold a place." The general sense of the passage is clear, whatever reading or analysis we adopt. Capulet says in substance: Come to my house to-night, and decide whom you like best of the beauties gathered there; if Juliet be the one, well and good. He has already told Paris that she shall be his if he can gain her love, but discreetly suggests that he look more carefully at the "fresh female buds" of Verona before plucking one to wear on his heart.

36. _Written there._ Cf. Brooke's poem:--

"No Lady fayre or fowle was in Verona towne: No knight or gentleman of high or lowe renowne: But Capilet himselfe hath byd vnto his feast: Or by his name in paper sent, appoynted as a geast."

46. _One fire_, etc. Alluding to the old proverb that "fire drives out fire." Cf. _J.C._ iii. 1. 171: "As fire drives out fire, so pity pity;" _Cor._ iv. 7. 54: "One fire drives out one fire; one nail, one nail," etc.

48. _Holp._ Used by S. oftener than _helped_, for both the past tense and the participle.

49. _Cures with._ Is cured by. S. does not elsewhere use _cure_ intransitively. _Languish_ occurs again as a noun in _A. and C._ v. 2. 42: "That rids our dogs of languish." On the passage cf. Brooke:--

"Ere long the townishe dames together will resort: Some one of bewty, favour, shape, and of so lovely porte: With so fast fixed eye, perhaps thou mayst beholde: That thou shalt quite forget thy loue, and passions past of olde.

* * * * *

The proverbe saith vnminded oft are they that are vnseene. And as out of a planke a nayle a nayle doth drive: So novell love out of the minde the auncient loue doth rive."

52. _Your plantain-leaf._ The common plantain (_Plantago major_), which still holds a place in the domestic _materia medica_. For its use in healing bruises, cf. _L. L. L._ iii. 1. 74:--

"_Moth._ A wonder, master! here's a costard broken in a shin.

* * * * *

_Costard._ O sir, plantain, a plain plantain! ... no salve, sir, but a plantain!"

Steevens quotes _Albumazar_: "Bring a fresh plantain leaf, I've broke my shin." _A broken shin_, like a _broken head_ (_M.W._ i. 125, _T.N._ v. 1. 178, etc.) is one that is bruised, so that the blood runs, not one that is fractured. The plantain was supposed to have other virtues. Halliwell-Phillipps quotes Withals, _Little Dictionarie for Children_, 1586: "The tode being smitten of the spyder in fighte, and made to swell with hir poyson, recovereth himselfe with plantaine."

55. _Not mad, but bound_, etc. An allusion to the old-time treatment of the insane. Cf. _C. of E._ iv. 4. 97: "They must be bound and laid in some dark room;" and _A.Y.L._ iii. 2. 420: "Love is merely a madness, and, I tell you, deserves as well a dark house and a whip as madmen do."

57. _Good-den._ Printed "godden" and "gooden" in the early eds., and a corruption of _good e'en_, or _good evening_. _God gi' good-den_ in the next line is printed "Godgigoden" in the quartos and first three folios, "God gi' Good-e'en" in the 4th folio. This salutation was used as soon as noon was past. See on i. 1. 157 above, and cf. ii. 4. 105 fol. below.

64. _Rest you merry!_ For the full form, _God rest you merry_! (= God keep you merry), cf. _A.Y.L._ v. 1. 65, etc. It was a common form of salutation at meeting, and oftener at parting. Here the servant is about to leave, thinking that Romeo is merely jesting with him. Cf. 79 below.

66-69. _Signior Martino_, etc. Probably meant to be prose, but some editors make bad verse of it.

69. _Mercutio._ Mercutio here figures among the invited guests, although we find him always associating with the young men of the Montague family. He is the prince's "kinsman," and apparently on terms of acquaintance with both the rival houses, though more intimate with the Montagues than with the Capulets.

71. _Rosaline._ This shows that Rosaline is a Capulet.

74. _Up._ Dowden plausibly prints "Up--," assuming that "Romeo eagerly interrupts the servant, who would have said 'Up to our house.'"

82. _Crush a cup_, etc. A common expression in the old plays. We still say "crack a bottle."

87. _Unattainted._ Unprejudiced, impartial; used by S. only here.

91. _Fires._ The early eds. have "fire," which White retains as an admissible rhyme in Shakespeare's day.

92. _Who often drown'd_, etc. Alluding to the old notion that if a witch were thrown into the water she would not sink. King James, in his _Dæmonology_, says: "It appeares that God hath appointed for a supernatural signe of the monstrous impietie of witches, that the water shall refuse to receive them in her bosom that have shaken off them the sacred water of baptism, and wilfully refused the benefit thereof."

98. _That crystal scales._ The reading of the early eds., changed by some to "those," etc.; but _scales_ may be used for the entire machine. Dyce says it was often so used by writers of the time.

99. _Lady's love._ Some substitute "lady-love," which S. does not use elsewhere. Clarke suggests that _your lady's love_ may mean "the little love Rosaline bears you," weighed against that of some possible _maid_.

101. _Scant._ Not elsewhere used adverbially by S. _Scantly_ occurs only in _A. and C._ iii. 4. 6.