Chapter 31

HIS LAST DAYS.

In 1880 General Toombs appeared in Atlanta, and addressed the Georgia Legislature in behalf of the candidacy of General A. R. Lawton for the United States Senate. His appearance, as he walked up the aisle, grim, venerable, and determined, awoke wild applause. He preserved his power of stirring the people whenever he spoke, but his speech was not as racy and clear as it had been. "This was one of the occasions," to quote from a distinguished critic of Toombs, "when the almost extinct volcano glowed again with its wonted fires--when the ivy-mantled keep of the crumbling castle resumed its pristine defiance with deep-toned culverin and ponderous mace; when, amid the colossal fragments of the tottering temple, men recognized the unsubdued spirit of Samson Agonistes."

His last public speech was in September, 1884, when the people of Washington carried him the news of Cleveland's election to the Presidency. He came to his porch and responded briefly, almost inaudibly, to the serenade, but he was full of the gratification which Southern people felt over that event. He declared that he did not know that there was enough manhood in the country as to break loose from party ties and elect a President. The fact had revived his hope for the whole country. He had, before this, taken a gloomy view of the nation. He had, on one occasion, declared that the injection into the body politic of three million savages had made good government forever impossible. He had afterward said that the American Constitution rested solely upon the good faith of the people, and that would hardly bind together a great people of diverse interests. "Since 1850," he once said, "I have never believed this Union to be perpetual. The experience of the last war will deter any faction from soon making an effort at secession. Had it not been for this, there would have been a collision in 1876." But the election of Cleveland he regarded as a national, rather than a sectional victory--a non-partisan triumph in fact; and it was at this time, the first occasion since the war, that he expressed regret that he had not regained his citizenship and gone back into public life.

But his great power had begun to wane. His tottering gait and hesitating speech pointed unmistakably to speedy dissolution. The new-born hope for his country came just as his steps neared "the silent, solemn shore of that vast ocean he must sail so soon."

In March, 1883, General Toombs was summoned to Atlanta to attend the funeral of his lifelong friend Mr. Stephens. The latter had been an invalid for forty years, but was kept in active life by the sheer force of his indomitable will. Emerging from the war a prisoner, he had finally secured his release and had been elected United States Senator. Being prevented from taking his seat, he had returned home and finished his constitutional review of the "War Between the States." In 1873 he had been reelected to Congress, where he had remained for ten years, resigning this position to accept the nomination for Governor of Georgia, which his party had offered him at a critical moment. It had been the desire of the "Great Commoner" to "die in harness," and there is no doubt that his close attention to the arduous duties of Governor hastened his death. Thousands of Georgians repaired to the State Capitol to honor his memory, but he who attracted most attention was the gray and grief-stricken companion who stood by the coffin of the man he had honored for fifty years. Mr. Stephens, in his diary, recalls the fact that his first meeting with Mr. Toombs was in court, when the latter generously offered to lend him money and look after his practice so that Stephens could take a trip for his health.

Like Damon and Pythias, these two men were bound by the strongest ties. They entered public life together in the General Assembly of Georgia. Together they rode the circuits as young attorneys, and each was rewarded about the same time with a seat in the national councils. Both were conspicuous in the _ante-bellum_ agitation, and both were prominent in the Civil War. As age advanced their relations were closer still.

General Toombs at the funeral of his friend pronounced a eulogium on the dead. His words were tremulous, and the trooping, tender memories of half a century crowded into the anguish of that moment. Toombs and Stephens, so long united in life, were not long parted in death.

In September, 1883, Mrs. Toombs died at her summer residence in Clarkesville, Ga. Their devoted friend, Dr. Steiner, was with them at the time, and rendered the double offices of family physician and sympathetic friend. Between these two men there had been a warm and long friendship. Dr. Steiner talked with General Toombs about his spiritual condition. A godly man himself, the doctor thought that he might remove any doubts that might linger in the mind of the stricken husband. He was gratified to hear that the way was clear. "Why, doctor," said General Toombs, "I am a prayerful man. I read the Bible and the Prayer Book every day." "Then why not be baptized, General?" "Baptize me, doctor," was his prompt reply. Dr. Steiner answered that there was no immediate need of that. The general was in good health. Dr. Steiner had baptized patients, he said, but it was in times of emergency. It was the desire of General Toombs to be baptized at the bedside of his wife. In a short time Robert Toombs was in communion with the Southern Methodist Church. It was his wife's beautiful example, "moving beside that soaring, stormy spirit, praying to God for blessings on it," which brought him to a confession of his faith, and left him in full fellowship with God's people.

General Toombs' health commenced visibly to fail after his wife's death, and the loss of Mr. Stephens made life lonely. His younger brother Gabriel, himself in the shadow of a great affliction, was with him constantly. They were devotedly attached to each other. Mr. Gabriel Toombs is, in personal appearance, very much like his brother. The long, iron-gray hair, brushed straight out from his head, reminds one of Robert Toombs. He is smaller in stature, and is a man of strong abilities, even temperament, and well-balanced mind. His brother had great regard for his business judgment and political sagacity, and often consulted him on public matters. These men lived near each other in Washington, their families grew up together, and General Toombs regarded his brother's children almost as he did his own.

On the 30th of September, 1885, Robert Toombs was confined to his house by illness. It was a general breaking down of his whole system. It was evident that he was nearing his end. During his last illness his mind would wander, and then his faculties would return with singular clearness. He suffered little pain. As Henry Grady said of him, it seemed that this kingly power and great vitality, which had subdued everything else, would finally conquer death. His ruling instinct was strong in dissolution. He still preserved to the last his faculty of grasping with ease public situations, and "framing terse epigrams, which he threw out like proverbs."

During one of his lucid intervals he asked for the news. He was told; "General, the Georgia Legislature has not yet adjourned."

"Lord, send for Cromwell," he answered, as he turned on his pillow.

Another time he was told that the Prohibitionists were holding an election in the town. "Prohibitionists," said he, "are men of small pints."

His mind at this period dwelt mainly on serious thoughts. The Bible was read to him daily. He was perfectly aware of his condition. He said to Dr. Steiner: "Looking over my broad field of life, I have not a resentment. I would not pang a heart."

He talked in his delirium of Mr. Stephens and Dr. Steiner. The latter recalled him and said: "General, I am here by your side; Mr. Stephens, you know, has crossed over the river." Coming to himself, he said: "Yes, I know I am fast passing away. Life's fitful fever will soon be over. I would not blot out a single act of my life."

Dr. Steiner declared that he never before realized so fully the appropriateness of Mr. Stephens' tribute to Toombs; "His was the greatest mind I ever came in contact with. Its operations, even in its errors, remind me of a mighty waste of waters."

When the time came for Dr. Steiner to return to his home in Augusta, General Toombs bade him good-by. "I am sorry," said he, "the hour is come. I hope we shall meet in a better place."

After Thursday, December 10, General Toombs did not regain consciousness. On Monday, December 15, 1885, at 6 o'clock P. M., he breathed his last. Just as the darkness of a winter evening stole over the land the great spirit of the statesman walked into eternal light.

He was buried on Thursday, December 18, at twelve o'clock. The funeral exercises were held in the little brick Methodist church where his wife and daughter had worshiped.

The funeral was simple, according to his wishes. A large number of public men in Georgia attended the services. Dr. Hillyer, a prominent Baptist divine and classmate of General Toombs, assisted in the services. Rt. Rev. John W. Beckwith, Episcopal Bishop of Georgia, who had been his closest religious adviser after the death of the Methodist Bishop George F. Pierce, delivered a beautiful eulogium.

The remains were interred in the Washington cemetery, by the side of the body of his wife. A handsome marble shaft, bearing the simple and speaking inscription "Robert Toombs," marks the spot which is sacred to all Georgians.

THE END.

* * * * *

INDEX.

Abolitionists, election of "Independent Democrats" by, 109; in campaign of 1856, 140; effect of Dred Scott case on, 159

Achison, David R., leader in U. S. Senate, 107

Act of 1789, claim for enforcement of, 73-76

Adams, John Q., compact with Clay, 14; charge of corruption against, 55; member of Twenty-ninth Congress, 56

Alabama, delegates withdraw from Charleston convention, 177; secession of, 213; escape through, 301-303

_Alabama_, escape on the, 305

Alexander, W. F., joins in European trip, 125; appointed Quartermaster-major, 237

Alexander, Mrs. W. F., death, 312

Aliens, Toombs' welcome for, 150, 151

Alps, visit to the, 126

American party, rise, 121; opposed and denounced by Toombs, 124, 128, 147, 149; successes and defeats in 1855, 128; nominates Fillmore, 140; opposition to Toombs' party, 143; principles, 148; nominates Hill for governorship of Georgia, 155; downfall, 158

Amsterdam, visit to, 126

Anderson, Major, besieged at Fort Sumter, 227-229

Andrews, Judge, defeated for governorship of Georgia, 128

Andrews' Grove, debate between Toombs and Hill in, 145-152

Antietam, battle of, 262-269

Anti-railroad agitation, 26

Appleton, Nathan, entertains Toombs at Boston, 130

Appleton, William, entertains Toombs at Boston, 130

Arkansas, delegates leave Charleston convention, 177; secedes, 233

Army Appropriation bill, debate between Toombs and Davis on, 247-249

Army of Northern Virginia, 5, 262

Army of Potomac, defeated before Richmond, 246

Articles of Confederation, bearing on slavery question, 132

Athens, University at, 7-12

Atlanta, quarrel between Stephens and Cone in, 62; in the field before, 276; political meeting at, 324

_Atlanta Sun_, edited by Stephens, 332

Atlantic cable, opposes appropriation for, 194

Augusta, Ga., speeches at, 47-50, 165-168

_Augusta Chronicle and Sentinel_, defends Toombs, 186

Baltimore, delegate to Clay convention at, 46; Whig convention at, 97; Democratic convention at, 97

Baltimore convention, the, action in regard to Georgia delegations, 182

Banking, position on, 33, 39

Bank of the United States, 32

Bar, admission to the, 13

Barnett, Samuel, frames railroad law, 351; tribute to Toombs, 364

Bartow, Francis S., deputy to Provisional Congress, 215

Bayard, James A., leader in U. S. Senate, 107; member of Charleston convention, 176; presides over seceders from Charleston convention, 178

Beaverdam Creek, 3

Beckwith, Bishop John W., eulogium on Toombs, 355, 376

Bell, John, leader in U. S. Senate, 107; vote on Kansas-Nebraska bill, 115; nominated for Presidency, 183; vote in Georgia for, 184

Benjamin, Judah P., Attorney General of Confederate States, 221; legal practice in England, 310

Benning, Col., assumes command of Toombs' brigade, 268

Benton, Thomas H., on disunion, 81

Berrien, John M., censured by Georgia Democrats, 39; represents Georgia in U. S. Senate, 68; in campaign of 1851, 93, 94

Bill of Rights, in Constitutional convention, 345

Bird, Edge, reunion with Toombs, 298, 299

Black, Edward J., opposes Toombs in campaign of 1844, 53

Blaine, J. G., characterization of Toombs' farewell speech in Senate, 205; on bombardment of Sumter, 229; on ravages of Confederate ships, 232; objects to Toombs' restoration to citizenship, 313

Blair, Frank P., nominated for Vice-presidency, 324

Blockade of Southern ports, 229

Bonds, repudiation of outlawed, 343, 344

Boston, lecture in, 129-135

_Boston Journal_, on Toombs' lecture, 131

Boyd Amendment, 80

Braddock, Gen., massacre of his command, 1

Bragg, Gen., opposed by Toombs and Linton Stephens, 274

Breckenridge, John C., elected vice president, 152; nominated for Presidency, 183; vote in Georgia for, 184; last attendance at Confederate Cabinet, 282

Bright, John, restrains recognition of Confederacy, 232, 233

Broderick, Senator, eulogized by Toombs, 336

Brooks, Preston S., assaults Sumner, 141, 142; reelected, 142

Brown, John, raid on Harper's Ferry, 169; execution, 169; influence of, 170; Toombs' characterization of his raid, 172, 173

Brown, Joseph E., nominated for governorship of Georgia, 154; rise of, 156, 157; supported by Toombs, 157; ability, 158; elected governor, 158; candidate for reelection to governorship, 166; seizes Fort Pulaski, 214; opposes Conscription and Impressment Acts, 273; commended by Toombs, 278; parting with Toombs, 281; joins Republican party, 290; strained relations with Toombs, 333-336

Browne, W. M., Confederate Assistant Secretary of State, 237

Brussels, visit to, 126

Buchanan, James, on Kansas-Nebraska bill, 114, 115; nominated for Presidency, 141; elected, 152; position on Territorial question, 159; dissolution of Cabinet, 199

Bullock, Gov., 317, 320, 321

Bunker Hill Monument, denial of speech about slave roll-call, at, 119

Burt, Armistead, member of Twenty-ninth Congress, 56

Bush Arbor meeting, 324-327

Butler, Benjamin F., member of Charleston convention, 176

Butler, Senator, Sumner's strictures on, 142

Calhoun, John C., compared with Toombs, 14; as a lawyer, 16; conflict with Jackson, 29; admiration of Toombs for, 31, 104, 367; railroad schemes of, 41; arraigned for the "sugar letter," 46; characterization of acquired Mexican territory, 67; last efforts of, 68, 79, 107

California, acquisition of, 67; question of admission of, 77-81, 85; Toombs' ideas on exclusion of slavery from, 91; supports the South in Charleston convention, 177

Cameron, Simon, criticised by Toombs, 197

Canada, favors purchase of, 195

Caribbean Sea, advocates making a _mare clausum_, 196

Carlyle, Thomas, view of the Civil War, 233; Toombs' interviews with, 310

Cass, Lewis, defeated for the Presidency, 63; leader in U. S. Senate, 107; enmity to, by Northern men, 118

Catlett, Miss, 3

Central America, favors purchase of, 195

Centreville, Johnston's advance to, 238; Toombs' retreat from, 239; escape of Toombs through, 292

Chandler, Daniel, 9

Charles I., legend of Toombs' ancestors and, 1, 2, 156

Charleston, S. C., Yancey's speech in, 178; excitement at bombardment of Sumter, 227

Charleston convention, the, 175-181

Charlton, Robert M., Democratic leader, 51; opposition to Toombs, 95

Chase, Salmon P., represents Ohio in U. S. Senate, 68, 107; an "Independent Democrat," 109; vote on Kansas-Nebraska bill, 115

Chattahoochee River, Toombs' escape by, 301

Chenault, Nick, 288

Cherokee County, sends Brown to State Senate, 157

Chickahominy River, Johnston's retreat behind, 245

Chickamauga, dispute between Gen. Hill and Gen. Walker at battle of, 258, 259

Choate, Rufus, Toombs on, 367

Cilley duel, the, 55

Cincinnati Platform of 1856, 141, 165

Civil war, Toombs' horror of, 120; opening of the, 227

Clarke, Gen. John, feud with Crawford, 29, 30

Clarkesville, Ga., summer residence at, 372

Clay, Henry, 14; Toombs' opinion of, 38, 50, 104, 367; nominated for Presidency, 46; Compromise measures, 52, 79; opposition to, in campaign of 1844, 54, 55; popularity, 55; position in campaign of 1848, 60; opinion on disposition of acquired territory, 67; last efforts of, 68; the "Omnibus bill," 80; death, 107; denies framing the Missouri Compromise, 113; position on internal improvements, 188; his loss felt, 201

Clay and Adams compact, the, 14

Clayton Compromise, the, 61, 62, 64

Cleveland, Grover, Toombs' speech on election of, 370

Cobb, Gov. Howell, as a lawyer, 16, 20, 21; Democratic leader, 51; member of Twenty-ninth Congress, 56; elected Speaker of House of Representatives, 69; position on admission of California, 81; position on disunion, 82; nominated for governorship, 86; characteristics of, 87; in campaign of 1851, 92; elected governor, 93; opinion of Joseph E. Brown, 155; indorses seceders from Charleston convention, 179; prominence of, 186; deputy to Provisional Congress, 215; president of Provisional Congress, 216; addresses meeting at Atlanta, 324

Cobb, Thomas R. R., zeal for secession, 212; deputy to Provisional Congress, 215

Cobb, Thomas W., guardian of Robert Toombs, 7, 8

College discipline, 8, 9

Collins _v._ Central R. R. & Banking Co., case argued by Toombs, 346

Colquitt, Walter T., elected U. S. Senator, 38; Democratic leader, 51

Columbia County, legal practice in, 15

Columbia River, boundary line of, 57

Commerce, Toombs' views on the power to regulate, 189

Committee on Banking, General Assembly, chairman of, 33

Committee on Internal Improvements, General Assembly, member of, 33; chairman of, 40

Committee on State of the Republic, General Assembly, chairman of, 33

Committees, views on legislation through, 196

Compromise bill, the, 52

Compromise of 1850, the, 67-82; indorsed by Whig and Democratic conventions at Baltimore, 97; Gen. Scott's position on, 103

Cone, Francis H., as a lawyer, 16; opposed to Toombs at the bar, 25; quarrel with Stephens, 62

Confederacy, last days of the, 280-284

Confederate commissioners, mission to Washington, 222-224; sent to Europe, 229

Confederate navy, captures by, 232

Confederate States, preparation of Constitution for, 219, 220; appointment of Cabinet, 221; last meeting of Cabinet, 282

Conscription and Impressment Acts, opposition to, 272, 273

Constitutional Union party, 81, 93, 183

Constitutional convention, and the new constitution of Georgia, 337-352

Conventions, Toombs' opinion of, 103, 104, 106

Corporations, attitude toward, 346

Crawford, George W., as a lawyer, 16; resolution in Whig convention of 1848, 60; connection with the Golphin claim, 65; retirement of, 66; presides over State Sovereignty convention, 209

Crawford, Martin J., deputy to Provisional Congress, 215; Confederate commissioner to Washington, 222

Crawford, William H., career, 13, 14, 16; feud with Clarke, 29, 30; heads Whig electoral ticket in Georgia, 1848, 60

Creek War, Toombs' service in, 32; anecdote of sutler, 352

_Creole_, Toombs' escape on the, 303, 304

Crittenden Compromise, the, 202, 203

Cuba, favors purchase of, 195, 196; arrival in, 307

Cumberland Gap, railroad scheme for, 41

Cumming, Major J. B., 259

Cummings Point battery, fires on Fort Sumter, 227

Cushing, Caleb, president of Charleston convention, 175; resigns chairmanship of Baltimore convention, 182; presides over seceders from Baltimore convention, 183

Dallas, George M., attitude on tariff question, 50; Georgia's vote for, 55

Danburg, letter from Toombs to constituents at, 199-201

Davis, Col., quarrel with Henry Clay, 54, 55

Davis, Jefferson, Toombs' advice to, 23; member of Twenty-ninth Congress, 56; on Toombs' financial ability, 59; represents Mississippi in U. S. Senate, 68; defeated by Foote, 97; debate with Douglas on popular sovereignty, 163, 164; personal traits, 163; Senate resolutions concerning Southern principles, 181; election to Presidency of Confederate States, 217, 218; appoints his Cabinet, 221; belief in Seward, 223; Toombs' opinion of, 241, 242, 246; debate with Toombs on Army Appropriation bill, 247-249; policy and character of, 274, 275; attends last meeting of Confederate Cabinet, 281, 282; tribute to Toombs, 284; arrest of, 284; last meeting with Toombs, 284, 285; in irons, 298

Davis, John W., elected Speaker of Twenty-ninth Congress, 56

Dawson, William C., as a lawyer, 16; candidate for governor of Georgia, 37; enters U. S. Senate, 68

Deas, Joseph, aids Toombs' escape, 296

Declaration of Independence, position on slavery question, 132

Declaration of Paris, accepted by Confederate government, 231

Delaware delegates leave Charleston convention, 177

Democratic party, strength in Georgia, 30; supports central bank scheme, 38; censures Senator Berrien, 39; criticised, 48; carries additional protection measure, 51; attempt to defeat Toombs by, in 1848, 63, 64; elects Cobb Speaker of House, 69; joint action with Whigs in Georgia, 85; convention at Baltimore, 97; loss of House majority, 121; nominates Buchanan, 141; nominates Brown for governor of Georgia, 154; split over Territorial question, 166, 167; demand for new plank in platform, 167; split among Georgia Democrats, 182; success in State legislature, 329

Depreciation of currency, 31

District of Columbia, Clay's proposed abolition of slave trade in, 79; amendment as to slavery in, 202

Disunion, opposition to, 81; clamor for, 83

Dooly, Judge, 14

"Door sill" speech, the, 170-174

Dougherty, Robert, 9

Douglas, Stephen A., member of Twenty-ninth Congress, 56; enters U. S. Senate, 68; leader in U. S. Senate, 107; introduces Kansas-Nebraska bill, 108, 109; second bill on Kansas-Nebraska question, 109; burned in effigy, 115; Presidential aspirations, 140, 161; debate with Lincoln, 161, 162; accused of participation in assault on Sumner, 142, 143; eulogized by Toombs, 148, 149, 164, 165, 167; opposes Lecompton constitution, 160; indorses Dred Scott decision, 160; reelected to U. S. Senate, 162, 163; views on popular sovereignty, 163, 164; resolution for protection of States against invasion, 170-172; rupture with Toombs, 181; nominated for Presidency, 182; vote in Georgia for, 184

Dred Scott case, 159

Droomgoole, George C., member of Twenty-ninth Congress, 56

Du Bose, Dudley M., Toombs' adjutant-general, 237; forms partnership with Toombs, 316; sent to Congress, 329

Du Bose, Mrs. Dudley M., death of, 310

Du Bose _v._ Georgia Railroad, case argued by Toombs, 346

Du Quesne, Fort, massacre at, 1

Eberhart case, the, 25, 26

Elbert County, admission to bar in, 13; legal practice in, 15, 16, 22, 23; popularity in, 22; escape through, 288, 289, 292

Elberton, Ga., speech at, 89

Electoral vote, views on counting, 193, 194

Emigrant Aid Societies, 115-118, 159

Enghien, visit to, 309

England, introduction of slavery into Colonies by, 134

English compromise on Lecompton constitution, 164

Eugenie, Empress, Toombs' interviews with, 310

Europe, trip in, 125-128; hesitation of powers in regard to the Confederacy, 233

Evans, Augusta J., aids Toombs' escape, 302, 303

Evans, Howard, aids Toombs' escape, 302, 303

Everett, Edward, nominated for Vice-presidency, 183

Fanning, Welcome, 6

Felton, W. H., opposition to, 105

"Fifty-four forty, or fight," 57

Fillmore, Millard, nominated for Vice-presidency, 60; on repeal of Missouri Compromise, 115; nominated for Presidency, 140; Toombs' characterization of, 149, 150; electoral vote for, 152

Finance Committee of Provisional Congress, chairman of, 220

Fish, Hamilton, vote on Kansas-Nebraska bill, 115

Fitzpatrick, Gov., declines nomination for Vice-presidency, 182

Florida, delegates leave Charleston convention, 177; secession of, 213

Foote, Henry S., represents Mississippi in U. S. Senate, 68; elected governor of Mississippi, 97; contest with Davis in Mississippi, 163

"Forbidden Fruit," 67

Force bill, the, 51

Foreacre, Supt., frames railroad law, 351

Forensic eloquence, 18, 21, 24, 25, 27, 28, 361

Forsyth, John, Confederate commissioner to Washington, 222

Forsythe, John C., attitude on the Compromise bill, 52

Forts. See their names.

France, Mexican schemes, 233; political events in, 309, 310

Franklin College, 6-12

Franklin County, legal practice in, 16

Freemasons, joins the, 289

Freeport, Ill., debate between Lincoln and Douglas at, 161, 162

Free-Soil party, 89

Free-Soil settlers, 115, 116

Fremont, John C., nominated for Presidency, 140; electoral vote for, 152

French, Capt. H. L., account of Toombs at second battle of Manassas, 261

Fugitive-Slave law, Clay's proposed, 79; the Georgia platform, 86; indorsed by Whig convention at Baltimore, 97; Webster's attitude on, 100; allusion to, in Boston lecture, 131

Fugitive-Slave laws, passage of new, 170; proposed amendments, 202; demands of the South as to, 206

Fulton, Col. M. C., narrow escape of, 304

Gardner, James, candidate for governorship of Georgia, 157

Garrison, W. L., denunciation of U. S. Constitution, 129

General Assembly, service in the, 17, 30-46; vote for Speaker in, 33

Geneva, visit to, 126

Georgia, land-grant to Major Robert Toombs in, 2; distress in, 34-37; first railroad in, 40; internal improvements, 40; establishment of Supreme Court, 41; organization of Congressional districts, 44; supports Jackson in 1824, 51; Henry Clay in, 55; panegyric on, 58; formation of "Rough and Ready" clubs in, 60; the Clayton Compromise in, 60-62; formation of Constitutional Union party, 81, 183; growth of secession sentiment in, 83, 201, 204; adoption of the "Georgia Platform," 86; nomination of Howell Cobb for governor, 86; nomination of McDonald for governor, 86; a national battle ground, 102; supports Pierce and King, 102, 103; uncertainty of politics in, 121; breaking up of Know-nothing party in, 122; campaign of 1855, 128; vote for Buchanan in convention, 141; campaign of 1856, 143-152; politics in, 145; carried by Buchanan, 152; campaign of 1857, 154; opposition to Brown's reelection, 166; indorsement of Toombs' sentiments by, 168; position on the Fugitive-Slave law, 174; action of delegates to Charleston convention, 179; split in Democratic party, 182; vote in 1860, 184; prominence in 1860, 186; call for State convention, 200; votes for secession, 209; institution of slavery in, 211; wealth at time of secession, 213; agricultural policy during war, 275; the militia, 276-278; the March to the Sea, 280; Gov. Brown's address to people of, 290; Toombs' acquaintance in, 299; Toombs' return to, 315; in reconstruction days, 315-329; Constitutional convention, and the new constitution, 337-352; railroad commission formed, 350, 351

Georgia Platform, the, 83, 93, 97

Georgia Railroad, 40

Gettysburg and Malvern Hill compared, 252

Gillet, R. H., vote on Kansas-Nebraska bill, 115

Gilmer, George R., as a lawyer, 16; on railroad construction, 41

Glen Spring, Ga., meeting between Hill and Brown at, 155

Golphin claim, the, 65

Gonder, Major, aids Toombs' escape, 294, 295

Gordon, Gen. John B., interview with Tilden, 321; nominated for governor, 324

Gordonsville, Toombs under arrest at, 259, 260

Grady, Henry W., characterization of J. E. Brown, 156; at Bush Arbor meeting, 327; on Toombs' approaching death, 374

"Gray Alice," 5, 268, 288, 292, 297, 300, 301

Great Britain, contention over Oregon question, 56-59; accused of lack of sympathy with the North, 230

"Great Pacificator," the, 201

Greeley, Horace, nomination opposed by Toombs, 105, 332

Greene County, partition of land in, 3; legal practice in, 16

Gresham, J. J., 179

Gulf of Mexico, advocates making a _mare clausum_, 196

Habersham County, escape through, 291

Hagarstown, taken possession of by Toombs, 265

Hale, Senator, contest with Toombs in Kansas debate, 117-120

Hallet, B. F., letter from Toombs to, 119

Hamlin, Hannibal, member of Twenty-ninth Congress, 56; vote on Kansas-Nebraska bill, 115

Hardeman, Frank, 14

Hardeman, Judge Samuel H., 26

Harper's Ferry, John Brown's raid on, 169

Harrisburg convention, demands protection, 51

Harrison, W. H., election of, 33; Toombs' interest in election of, 45

Harrison Landing, Toombs' escape by, 288

Hayne, R. Y., challenge to Webster, 175

Hayti, effects of emancipation in, 134

Heard House, the, 282

Hill, Benjamin H., as a lawyer, 20; associated with Toombs in Eberhart case, 26; opposition to Toombs, 95; rising fame of, 144; debate with Toombs, 144-152; nominated for governorship of Georgia, 155; supports Bell and Everett, 184; Vincent's characterization of, 184, 185; deputy to Provisional Congress, 215; chosen Confederate Senator, 241; addresses meeting at Atlanta, 324, 327; challenged by Stephens, 336

Hill, Gen. D. H., at Malvern Hill, 252, 253; charges against Toombs, and correspondence thereon, 254-258; character, 258, 259; challenged by Toombs, 336

Hilliard, Henry W., member of Twenty-ninth Congress, 56

Hillyer, Dr., assists in Toombs' funeral services, 375, 376

Holt, Hines, opposition to Toombs, 95

Homestead and Exemption laws, 38, 317, 340

Hood, Gen. J. B., in command of Confederate forces, 276

House of Representatives, U. S., Toombs' action on organization of House, Dec. 22, 1850, 71-76

Houston, Samuel, represents Texas in U. S. Senate, 68; comparison of Toombs with, 131

Houston County, Toombs' escape through, 299

Huger, Gen., 245

Hughes, Col. David, aids Toombs' escape, 297

Huling, Catharine, 3, 4

Hunter, Robert M. T., member of Twenty-ninth Congress, 56; represents Virginia in U. S. Senate, 68; succeeds Toombs' as Secretary of State, 237

Illinois, contest between Lincoln and Douglas in, 161, 162; re-election of Douglas to Senate, 163; government control of railroads, 346

Internal improvements, views on, 188-191, 197; principles of Confederate Constitution on, 220

Interstate Commerce Law, Georgia's influence in framing, 351

Intoxicating liquor, use of, 364-368

Ireland, tour through, 126

Irvin, Charles E., aids Toombs to escape, 287-305; arrested at Savannah, 291; war record, 305

Jack Jones case, the, 361

Jackson, Pres. Andrew, defeated by Adams, 14; conflict with Calhoun, 29; Toombs' vote for, 30; opposition to, by Troup, 31; attitude on tariff of 1824, 51; nullification proclamation, 52; position on internal improvements, 188

Jackson, Chief Justice, tribute to Toombs, 27, 28

Jamaica, effects of emancipation in, 134

James River, Army of Potomac driven back to, 24

Jefferson, Thomas, supports the tariff, 48; detestation of party machinery, 106; position on internal improvements, 188

Jefferson County, on the stump in, 90

Jenkins, Charles J., as a lawyer, 16; elected Speaker of House, General Assembly, 33; defeated for U. S. senatorship, 38; reports the "Georgia Platform," 86; author of the Georgia Platform, 92, 93; opinion of Berrien, 93; nominated for Vice-presidency, 99; career of, 101; personal character, 102; disputes reconstruction measures, 323; carries off the great seal of Georgia, 333, 338; president of Constitutional convention, 337; deposed from governorship, 337; views on railroad question, 345

Johnson, Andrew, member of Twenty-ninth Congress, 56; impeachment of, 310; Toombs' interview with, 313

Johnson, Herschel V., Democratic leader, 51; elected governor of Georgia, 128; leads Union wing of Georgia Democrats, 182; nominated for Vice-presidency, 183; challenged by Stephens, 336

Johnson, R. M., reunion with Toombs, 298, 299

Johnson, Fort, fires on Fort Sumter, 227

Johnston, Gen. Joseph E., on first battle of Manassas, 238; advance on Washington, 238; withdraws from Manassas, 239; heated interview with Toombs, 243; recognizes Toombs' worth, 243, 244; retreats behind the Chickahominy, 245; criticism of Southern soldiers, 271; relieved from command, 276; struggle with Sherman, 280

Jones, Gen. D. R., report of second battle of Manassas, 261; reports of Toombs' actions at Antietam, 264, 265

Judiciary Committee, General Assembly, chairman of, 33, 38

Kansas, civil war in, 115-118, 159; Pierce's message on state of, 115, 116

Kansas bill, opposition to, 166

Kansas-Nebraska bill, 107-115; dissatisfaction with, in Georgia, 143; Hill on, 147-149

Kennan, A. H., deputy to Provisional Congress, 215

Kentucky, partial secession measures of, 233

Kimball House Company, financial dealings of Toombs with, 42

Kinch, ----, sutler in Creek war, 352

Knott, Pres. Eliphalet, 13

Know-nothing party. See American party

Labor, views on, 197

Lamar, A. R., description of Toombs, 236, 237

Lamar, De Rosset, Toombs' aid-de-camp, 237

Lamartine, Toombs compared with, 76

Land-jobbing, opposition to, 53

Lane, Jack, reunion with Toombs, 298, 299

Lane, Joseph C., nominated for Vice-presidency, 183

Lanier, Sidney, 284

Lawton, A. R., supported by Toombs, 369

Lecompton constitution, favored by Buchanan, 160; passes the Senate, 164

Lee, Gen. Robert E., captures John Brown, 169; successes of, 246; invades Maryland, 262; report of Toombs' actions at Antietam, 264

Le Seur, Alexander, aids Toombs' escape, 288, 289

Lewis, D. W., defeated by Stephens, 93

Lexington, Ga., speech in, 92; debate between Hill and Stephens at, 144, 145

Lincoln, Abraham, views on slavery question, 67; personal traits, 161, 162; opposes Douglas, 161, 162; letter to Stephens, 199; election of, 199; Toombs' views of his policy, 200; war pressure on, 224; compared with Seward, 225; relies on Northern unanimity, 226; proclaims blockade of Southern ports, 229; disputes with McClellan, 239; confidence in Toombs, 367

"Little Giant," the, 109, 161

Longstreet, Gen., opinion of Toombs, 106, 241, 271; quarrel with Toombs, 259, 260; report of Manassas and Maryland campaign, 269; compliments Toombs, 269; Toombs' opinion of, 325

Lookout Mountain, last meeting of Davis and Toombs at, 284, 285

Louisiana, Calhoun's "sugar letter" to, 46; delegates leave Charleston convention, 177; secession of, 216

Lumpkin, Joseph H., as a lawyer, 16; opinion of Toombs' legal skill, 20

Lumpkin, murder case at, 23

Lyons, visit to, 126

Lyons, Lord, British minister at Washington, 230

Macon County, Toombs' escape through, 299

Madison, James, position on internal improvements, 188

Magna Charta, lecture on, 327-329

Magruder, Gen., operations on Warwick River, 244; command on the peninsula, 245

Mallory, S. B., Secretary of Navy of Confederate States, 221

Mallorysville, Ga., speech at, 46

Malvern Hill, battle of, 1, 252, 253

Manassas, first battle of, 238; evacuated by Confederates, 239; Toombs at second battle, 260-262

Manufactures, argument in favor of, 49

March to the Sea, the, 280

Marcy, Secretary, 231

Marietta, speech in, 91

Marque, letters of, 229-232

Marseilles, visit to, 126

Marshall, Chief Justice, 38

Marshall, Humphrey, duel with Henry Clay, 55; recognizes Toombs at New Orleans, 305

Martin, Major Luther, gives Toombs his parole papers, 291; his house raided, 292

Maryland, invasion of, 262

Mason, A. D., commissioner to Europe, 229

Mason, James M., represents Virginia in U. S. Senate, 68; reads Calhoun's last speech, 79, 107

Massachusetts, power of Abolitionists in, 109; withdraws from Baltimore Convention, 182

Mattox, Col. W. H., shelters Toombs, 292

Maximilian, Emperor, defeat and execution of, 233

Maybrick, Mrs., 9

McClellan, Gen., succeeds McDowell, 238; disputes with Lincoln, 239; marches up the peninsula, 244

McDaniel, H. D., frames railroad law, 351

McDonald, Charles J., relief measures of, 34-37; reelected, 37; supports central bank scheme, 38; represents Georgia at Nashville convention, 85; nominated for governor, 86; Toombs on the nomination of, 90; supported by Berrien, 93; defeated, 93; opposition to Toombs, 158

McDowell, Gen., succeeded by McClellan, 238

McDuffie, George, as a lawyer, 16; Toombs' contentions with, 45-51; Democratic leader, 51

McKennon, ----, resignation from Interior Department, 101

McMillan, Robert, as a lawyer, 16; defeated by Toombs, 93

Mediterranean, visit to, 126

Memminger, C. G., as a lawyer, 21; Secretary of Treasury of Confederate States, 221

Merriweather, ----, Whig leader, 51

Mexican war, fruits of, 60

Mexico, defense of, in Texas question, 53; Toombs' opinions on conquest of, 59; the Clayton Compromise, 61; troubles over territory acquired from, 67; Toombs favors purchase of, 195; French schemes in, 233

Might against right, 112

Milledge, Gov. John, 7

Milledgeville, Toombs in General Assembly at, 17; Toombs' practice in, 22, 123; doctrine of States' Rights, affirmed at convention of 1833, 52; convention of 1850 at, 86; call for State convention in 1860 at, 179; meeting of State Sovereignty convention at in 1861, 209

Miller, Andrew J., 16

Mirabeau, Toombs compared with, 46, 70

Mississippi, position in secession question, 97; delegates leave Charleston convention, 177; secession of, 213

Mississippi River, views on appropriations for, 189-191

Missouri, sends settlers to Kansas, 115, 159; representation at Baltimore convention, 182; partial secession measures of, 233; government control of railroads in, 346

Missouri Compromise, refusal to extend the line of, 67; Sumner's claims for, 108; denounced by Toombs, 114; Fillmore on the repeal of, 115

Mobile, Ala., escape through, 301-303

Monopolies, hatred for, 26, 348, 349

Monroe, Fortress, McClellan's arrival at, 244; Stephens imprisoned at, 298

Monroe, James, position on internal improvements, 188

Montgomery, Ala., Provisional Congress at, 216

Morris Island fires on Sumter, 227

Morton, Oliver P., 314

Moses, R. J., Toombs' commissary general, 237; account of dispute between Toombs and Gen. Hill, 256, 257

Moultrie, Fort, fires on Fort Sumter, 227

Mount Pleasant battery fires on Fort Sumter, 227

Munson's Hill, Toombs' position at, 238

Naples, visit to, 126

Nashville, convention at, 85

National debt, views on, 197

National Democratic party, defeated, 327; nominates Greeley for Presidency, 332

Neahmatha, insurrection of, 32

Negroes, Toombs on the status of, 133-137; Toombs' treatment of his, 138, 139; decision of Dred Scott case, 159; Toombs' position toward, after the war, 341

New Mexico, bill to organize, 65; acquisition of, 67; question of organizing Territory, 79, 80

New Orleans, fall of, 245; escape through, 304, 305

Newspaper criticisms and misrepresentations, 365, 366

_New World_, return to America on the, 313

New York City, speech for Taylor in 1848, 64

New York State, power of Abolitionists in, 109

_New York Express_, on Boston lecture, 131, 132

Nicholls, Col. John C., messenger from Toombs to Brown, 335

Nisbet, Eugenius A., offers secession resolution, 209; deputy to Provisional Congress, 215

Norfolk, loss of, 245

North Carolina, supports Jackson, 29; secedes, 233

Northern Circuit of Georgia, the bar of, 16

"Notes on the Situation," 185, 326

Nullification, 51, 52

O'Brien, Rev. J. M., 362

Ocmulgee River, watched for Toombs, 298; escape across, 299

Oconee River, 7, 296

Oglethorpe, Ga., escape through, 299

Oglethorpe County, legal practice in, 15, 16, 25

Ohio, position in regard to the Wilmot Proviso, 60; power of Abolitionists in, 109; government control of railroads in, 346

Olin, Stephen, 9

Omnibus bill (Clay's), 80

Omnibus bill (State aid to railroads), opposed by Toombs, 191

Ordinance of Secession, 209, 214

Oregon supports the South in Charleston convention, 177

Oregon question, prominence in 1845, 56-59

Outlawry, Toombs' glory in, 23

Paine, Tom., Toombs' liking for, 368

Panic of 1837, 16, 31, 41

Paris, visit to, 126; flight to, 308

Payne, Henry B., member of Charleston convention, 176

Peace congress, 234

Peace resolutions, 273

Peach Tree Creek, in battle at, 276

Pennsylvania, government control of railroads, 346

Pension grabs, views on, 192, 193, 197

Peter's Colony Grant, 152

Phillips, Wendell, oratory of, 129

Pickens, Gov., Democratic leader, 51; notified in regard to Fort Sumter, 224

Pierce, Bishop Geo. F., 10, 11, 376

Pierce, Pres. Franklin, Toombs' estimate of, 367; message on state of Kansas, 115, 116; vetoes Mississippi River bill, 191

Polk, Pres. James K., attitude toward protection, 50; Georgia's vote for, 55; position on Oregon question, 57; forced to retire from Oregon position, 59; veto of River and Harbor bill, 188; vetoes supported by Toombs, 191

Pope, Sarah, 3

Pope, ----, death of, and generosity of Toombs to his family, 359, 360

Pope, Gen., driven from Virginia, 262

Popular sovereignty, Douglas' doctrine of, 162-164

Postal service, views on, 197

Pottle, Judge E. H., 25, 26

"Pour it back in the jug," 352

Prather, Col., shelters Toombs, 290

Prentiss, Sergeant S., vanquished in debate by Davis, 163

Presidential vote, Toombs' views on counting, 193

Principles of Magna Charta, lecture, 327-329

Privateers, 229-232

Produce Loan, the, 236

Prohibitionists, Toombs' opinion of, 374

Protection, defense of, 48-50; in campaign of 1844, 51

Provisional Congress of seceded States, 214-218

Pulaski, Fort, seized by Gov. Brown, 214

Railroad Commission of Georgia, 350, 351; Toombs' appearance before, 362

Railroad corporations, Toombs' attitude toward, 342, 345-351

Randall, S. J., proposes General Amnesty Act, 313

Randolph, John, duel with Henry Clay, 55

Rapidan River, Confederate retirement along, 239; Toombs' brigade at the, 259

Rappahannock River, Confederates retire behind, 239

Reagan, J. H., Postmaster General of Confederate States, 221; recognizes Toombs' merits, 270; last attendance at Confederate Cabinet, 282

Reconstruction Acts, views on, 325, 326

Reese, Judge William M., on the practice of law, 15; description of Toombs by, 24; opinion of Toombs' speeches, 329, 330; frames railroad law, 351

Religion, liberality in matters of, 124, 125

Republican party, formation of, 140; growing strength of, 161; arraigned by Toombs, 172-174, 203; opposition to, in Georgia, 324

Repudiation, 343, 344

Rhett, R. Barnwell, Democratic leader, 51; member of Twenty-ninth Congress, 56

Rhine, voyage down the, 126

Richmond, Va., call for convention in, 178; chosen as capital of Confederacy, 232; McClellan's march on, 244; Toombs at defense of, 245, 246

Right to bear arms, views on, 340

River and Harbor bills, views on, 188-191

Roanoke, plantation at, 23, 330

Roman, A. B., Confederate commissioner to Washington, 222

Roman Catholic Church, Toombs' liberality toward, 124

Rome, visit to, 126

Rost, A. P., commissioner to Europe, 229

"Rough and Ready" clubs, 60

Russia supports the North, 233

Sanders, Miss, 3

Savannah, siege of, 279; arrest of Irvin at, 291

Savannah River, views on clearing, 188; Toombs' escape by, 288

"Scarlet Letter," the, 178

Schenectady, college course at, 13

Scotland, tour through, 126

Scott, Gen. Winfield, service under, 32; opposition to, by Southern Whigs, 98; Toombs' estimate of, 98, 99; defeats Webster, 100; vote for, in 1852, 103; rupture of Whig party in Georgia on his nomination, 121; opinion of Fort Sumter, 223

Secession, clamor for, 83, 201; assertion of right of, 87; Toombs charged with fomenting, 94; foreseen by Toombs, 200; Toombs committed to the policy, 203; Georgia's vote for, 209; passage of Ordinance of, 209

Seward, William H., enters the U. S. Senate, 68, 107; an "Independent Democrat," 109; vote on Kansas-Nebraska bill, 115; refuses audience to Confederate commissioners, 222; views on evacuation of Fort Sumter, 222, 223; compared with Lincoln, 225; accuses Great Britain of lack of sympathy, 230; diplomacy of, 233

Seymour, Horatio, nominated for Presidency, 324

Sharpsburg, battle of, 263-269

Sherman, W. T., March to the Sea, 280

"Siamese Twins," the, 182

Simpson, W. W., reunion with Toombs, 298, 299

Slaughter, James M., letter from Yancey to, 177, 178

Slavery, Gabriel Toombs' treatment of negroes, 3; arraignment of Calhoun for the "sugar letter," 46; Toombs' attitude toward, 46, 47, 48; the Clayton Compromise, 61, 64; Lincoln's views on, 67, 162; Toombs' actions and speeches on slavery in Territories, 69, 76-81, 164, 166, 167, 181; Clay's resolutions to abolish, in District of Columbia, 79; protest against admission of California by Nashville convention, 85; Toombs accused of unsoundness on the question of, 85; the Georgia Platform, 86; Toombs' ideas on exclusion of, from California, 91; the Kansas-Nebraska bill, 108-115; provisions for, in U. S. Constitution, 114; question reopened by Kansas-Nebraska bill, 114; lecture in Boston on, 129-135; Toombs on the status of the negro, 133-137; decision of Dred Scott case, 159; Southern view of Dred Scott decision as affecting Territories, 162; Douglas' views on, in Territories, 163, 164; anxiety in the South for protection of, 165; demand for new plank in platform of Democratic party, 167; deadlock on, in Charleston convention, 177; Lincoln's letter to Stephens, 199; tendency toward extinction, 199; measures before the House, 202; the Crittenden Compromise, 202, 203; demands of the South as to, 206; institution in Georgia, 211

Slidell, John, member of Twenty-ninth Congress, 56; leader in U. S. Senate, 107

Smith, Col. Jack, aids Toombs' escape, 295

Smith, Col. Marshal J., aids Toombs' escape, 305

Smith, George W., 242

South, stability of social institutions in, 138; demands of the, as set forth by Toombs, 205-208; sacrifices by secession, 213

South Carolina, condemnation of school of politics of, 53; supports Pierce, 103; Hayne's challenge to Webster, 175; secession of, 213

Southern Methodist Church, Toombs' communion with, 373

Southern Rights party, nominates Troup for Presidency, 102

Sparta, Ga., Toombs' escape by, 293, 298

Speeches, i, iv, 18, 20, 21, 23-25, 27, 28, 46-50, 57, 59, 64, 69-78, 85, 88, 89, 91, 92, 98, 99, 103-105, 109-118, 145-152, 165-168, 170-174, 176, 177, 187-193, 205-208, 236, 237, 317, 318, 324-326, 329, 331, 336, 348, 349, 369, 370

Squatter sovereignty, 153; Douglas' views on, 160, 162; Toombs' opposition to, 166, 167; before Charleston convention, 177

Stanton, Edwin M., orders arrests of Confederate leaders, 286

State Railroad of Georgia, supported by Toombs, 192

State Sovereignty convention, 209

States' Rights, doctrine affirmed at Milledgeville, 52; Toombs' characterization of the Clayton Compromise, 61; speeches and views on, 69, 70, 76-78, 88, 110-114, 116-119, 133; claims by Nashville convention, 85; the Cincinnati Platform, 141; Hill on, 148

States' Rights party, in campaign of 1844, 51; nominates Troup for Presidency, 102

States' Rights Whigs, joined by Toombs, 30; policy of, 31

Steiner, Dr. Henry H., 119, 243; influence over Toombs, 249; talks with Toombs on spiritual condition, 372, 373; attends Toombs at the last, 374, 375

Stephens, Alexander H., his tutor, 6; as a lawyer, 16; compared with Toombs, 18, 20, 43; opinion of Toombs' legal skill, 20; friendship with Toombs, 43; position on slavery question, 44; elected to Congress, 44, 55, 56, 63, 122, 333; Whig leader, 51; leads campaign of 1848 in Georgia, 60; quarrel with Cone, 62; reported rupture between Pres. Taylor and, 64, 65; description of Toombs in debate, 75, 76; position on admission of California, 81; position on disunion, 82; sent to conventional Milledgeville, 86; personality of, 90; Toombs' description of, 91; in campaign of 1851, 92; defeats Lewis, 93; on the Compromise of 1850, 98; nominated for Congress by Toombs, 105, 333; breaks up Know-nothing party in Georgia, 122; debate with Hill, 144, 145; on Cincinnati Platform, 165; opinion on action of Charleston convention, 179; supports Douglas for Presidency, 183; Vincent's characterization of, 184, 185; prominence of, 186; letter from Lincoln to, 199; views of secession, 212; deputy to Provisional Congress, 215; opinion of Provisional Congress, 216; Toombs' eulogy of, 216; opposes Conscription and Impressment Acts, 273; arrested, 286; imprisoned at Fortress Monroe, 298; defeated by Gordon, 333; becomes Governor of Georgia, 333; challenges Johnson and Hill, 336; funeral of, 371, 372; tribute to Toombs, 375

Stephens, Linton, opinion of Toombs, 26; opposes Conscript Acts, 273; introduces peace resolutions, 273; career, 274; aids Toombs' escape, 293; reunion with Toombs, 298, 299; disputes reconstruction measures, 323; activity in reconstruction times, 333

Stewart County, Toombs' escape through, 301

Stump-speaking, 145

Subtreasury system, the, 31, 38

Sumner, Charles, leader in U. S. Senate, 107; opposes Kansas-Nebraska bill, 108, 115; an "Independent Democrat," 109; denounced by Toombs, 110; enmity to Southern propagandism, 129; Brooks' assault on, 141, 142

Sumter, Fort, Confederate demand for surrender of, 222; abandonment favored by Lincoln's Cabinet, 223; preparations to provision, 224; orders to Beauregard, 225; bombardment of, 227-229

Superstition, Toombs' views on, 367

Supreme Court of Georgia, practice in, 20-22, 24, 25; establishment of, 41

Suretyship, opposition to contracts of, 41, 42

Swedenborg, Toombs' fondness for, 368

Swinton, William, on Lincoln's administration, 272

Taliaferro County, assigned to Seventh Congressional District, 44

Taney, Roger B., decision in Dred Scott case, 159

Tariff, Whigs favor protective, 31; defense of the, 48-50; in campaign of 1844, 51; modified in 1832, 52; Toombs' attitude on, 52; prominence of the question in 1845, 56; bill of 1846, 59

Taxation, attitude on Georgia, 54

Taylor, Gen. Dick, on Toombs' energy, 279, 280

Taylor, Zachary, nominated for President, 60; elected, 63; attitude of Cabinet toward the South, 64; reported rupture with Toombs and Stephens, 64, 65; death, 65; opinion on disposition of acquired territory, 67; Toombs' opinion of, 367

Tennessee secedes, 233

Territories, Toombs' position on slavery in, 69, 76-78, 80, 132, 166, 167, 181; protest by Nashville convention in regard to, 85; the Georgia Platform, 86; the slavery question in the, 87; third great sectional fight on the, 107-115; Toombs on Federal power over, 111, 132, 133; the Cincinnati Platform, 141; Hill on rights of, 148; Buchanan's position on question of, 159; Douglas' views on admission of, 160; Southern view of Dred Scott decision as affecting slavery in, 162; Buchanan's resolution in Cincinnati Platform, 165; contest over slavery in, in Charleston contention, 177; demands of the South as to, 206

Texas, Toombs' attitude on annexation of, 53; prominence of question in 1845, 56; Toombs' purchase of lands in, 152, 153; visit to, 153; delegates leave Charleston convention, 177

Texas and New Mexico bill, passed, 80

"The Crime against Kansas," 142

Thomas, Thomas W., as a lawyer, 16; leader of campaign of 1848 in Georgia, 60; on Toombs' characteristics, 272

Thompson, Jacob, member of the Twenty-ninth Congress, 56; leader in U. S. Senate, 107

Tilden, S. J., interview with Gen. Gordon, 321

_Times_ (London), on bombardment of Sumter, 228, 229

Tobacco, Toombs' use of, 360, 361

Toombs, Ann, 3

Toombs, Augustus, 3

Toombs, Dawson Gabriel, 3

Toombs, Gabriel, Sr., 1-3

Toombs, Gabriel, Jr., 4; manager of his brother's plantations, 275; at his brother's bedside, 373; resemblance to Robert, 373

Toombs, James, 3

Toombs, Louise, death of, 312

Toombs, Gen. Robert, ancestry, 1-4; birth, 4; filial affection, 4; boyhood and education, 4-12; horsemanship, 4-6; historical learning, 6; play upon his name, 6; generosity, 10, 124, 283, 284, 357; joins Methodist Church, 11, 373; trustee of State University, 11; college legends of, 12; receives degree, 13; admitted to the bar, 13; marriage, 14; legal career, 13-28; legal ethics, 18, 19, 23; oratorical powers, 18, 21, 23-25, 27, 28; financial ability, 23, 59, 152, 220, 310, 362; morality, 23, 24; Reese's opinion of, 24; justice of, 26, 27; failing powers, 27; brilliant plea of, 28; entrance into politics, 30; elected to General Assembly, 30; popularity in Wilkes County, 32; chairman of Judiciary Committee in General Assembly, 33, 38; action on Gov. McDonald's relief measures, 34-37; financial policy, 35-39; defends Berrien, 39; support of railroad enterprise, 40; compared with A. H. Stephens, 43; friendship of the two, 43; first participation in national politics, 45; contentions with McDuffie, 45-51; charged with being an Abolitionist, 46; compared to Mirabeau, 46; delegate to Clay convention of 1844, 46; opposes acquisition of Texas, 53; sent to Congress, 55, 56, 63, 93; position on Oregon question, 57; leads in campaign of 1848 in Georgia, 60; reported rupture between Pres. Taylor and, 64, 65; leads Southern members from Whig caucus, 69; personal appearance, 72, 74, 89, 90, 130; domestic character, 82, 353-363; address to people of Georgia, 83-85; sent to convention at Milledgeville, 86; renominated for Congress, 87; prominence in campaign of 1850, 87, 88; position on the Union question, 88; a journalist's description of, 91; elected U. S. Senator, 94, 158; charged with fomenting secession, 94; letters to his wife, 95, 123-125, 158, 239, 242, 277, 278, 310-313, 354, 355, 359, 360; feeling toward the North, 98; friendship for Webster, 101; becomes a Democrat, 105; independence of, 106; enters U. S. Senate, 107; frequently misquoted, 119; horror of civil war, 120; death of his daughters, 123, 310, 312; European trip, 123, 125-128; liberality in matters of conscience, 125; physical strength, 125, 127; international reputation, 126; knowledge of human nature, 127; treatment of slaves, 138, 139; accused of participation in assault on Sumner, 142, 143; debate with Hill, 144-152; accused of being a turncoat and disunionist, 151; address to Northern Democrats, 176, 177; letter to Macon committee, 179, 180; advice on Charleston convention matters, 180, 181; fears for the Constitution, 180, 182; rupture with Douglas, 181; delegate to Democratic State convention, 183; Vincent's characterization of, 184, 185; charges of desertion of Douglas, 186; Presidential ambitions, 186, 187; activity in public duty, 187; first public office, 192; accused by Georgia "minute-men," 201; withdrawal from the Senate, 205-208; chairman of Committee on Foreign Relations, 214; writes address to people of Georgia, 215; deputy to Provisional Congress, 215; a candidate for Presidency of Southern Confederacy, 216; machinations against, 218; curious incidents in life of, 219; chairman of Finance Committee of Provisional Congress, 220; made Secretary of State, 221; opposes assault on Sumter, 226; triumphs of diplomacy, 230; joins the army, 235; speech on the produce loan, 236, 237; the archives of the Confederacy, 237; retreat from Centreville, 239; care of his brigade, 240; impatience of mismanagement, 240; elected Confederate Senator, 241; declines Secretaryship of War, 242; impatience under red tape, 234, 243; debate with Davis on Army Appropriation bill, 247-249; use of liquor, 249, 250; position on the peninsula, 250; action at Golding's farm, 250, 251; at Malvern Hill, 252, 253; charges of cowardice, and correspondence thereon, 254-258; quarrel with Longstreet, 259, 260; under arrest at Gordonsville, 259, 260; in second battle of Manassas, 261, 262; report of actions at Antietam, 265-268; wounded, 268, 269; popularity among his troops, 269; leaves the army, 269, 270; reasons for his non-promotion, 270, 271; military abilities, 271; with the militia, 276-279; declines governorship, 273; energy of, 279, 280; parting with Gov. Brown, 281; action at close of war, 281; last meeting with Davis, 284, 285; escape, 286-307; becomes a Freemason, 289; conversational powers, 305, 306, 310, 358, 359; dread of capture, 306; vivacity, 306; arrival in Cuba, 307; arrival in Paris, 308; sells land, 308; in exile, 309-313; returns to America, 312, 313; unreconstructed, 313; return to Georgia, 315; resumes practice of law, 316; in reconstruction days, 315-329; master of invective, 318-322, 326; before the Supreme Court of Georgia, 320, 321; opinion of Yankees, 322; zeal, 322, 323; addresses meeting at Atlanta, 324-326; fondness for farming, 330, 331; strained relations with Brown, 333-336; a believer in the code of honor, 336; the Constitutional convention, and the new constitution, 337-352; pays expenses of Constitutional convention, 344, 345; golden wedding, 356, 357; hospitality, 357, 358; sympathies of, 359, 360; last appearance in court, 361, 362; wealth, 362, 363; his great fault, 364-368; love of literature, 367, 368; last days, 369-375; attends Stephens' funeral, 371, 372; at wife's death-bed, 372, 373; baptized, 373; death and burial, 375, 376; his monument, 376

Toombs, Major Robert, 2, 3

Toombs, Mrs., friendship for A. H. Stephens, 62; aids her husband's escape, 286, 287; joins her husband in Paris, 309; returns to America, 310; character, 356, 357; accident to, 356; golden wedding, 356, 357; death, 372, 373

Toombs, William, 2

Toombs oak, the, 12

Toucey, ----, leader in U. S. Senate, 107

Towns, Gov., calls State convention, 83

Tremont Temple, Boston, lecture on slavery in, 129-135

Trinity River, Toombs' lands on, 152

Troup, George M., defender of States' Rights, 30, 31; opposition to Jackson's measures, 31; attitude on the tariff question, 51; opposes Toombs in campaign of 1844, 53

Troup, Capt., on Toombs' staff, 268

Tugaloo River, 290

Turncoats, Crawford's ideas of, 91

Tyler, Pres., Toombs on, 367

Union College, 13

Union Democratic-Republican party, 30

United States Bank, supported by Berrien, 39; defense of, 48

United States Constitution, position on slavery, 132

United States judges, higher pay for, supported by Toombs, 192

United States Senate, _personnel_ in 1853, 107; debate on popular sovereignty, 163, 164; farewell speech in, 205-208

University of Georgia, 6-12; annual address at, 331, 332

University of Virginia, course at, 13

Utah, acquisition of, 67; question of organization of Territory, 79

Van Buren, Pres. Martin, censured by Toombs, 31; Toombs on, 367

Vandyke, John, opposes Toombs in House of Representatives, 72

Vincent, characterization of Toombs, Hill, and Stephens, 184, 185

Virginia, ----, settlement of the Toombs family in, 2; supports Calhoun, 29; Brown's raid into, 169, 170; secedes, 233

Waddell, Pres. Moses, 8, 9

Wade, ----, vote on Kansas-Nebraska bill, 115

Walker, Levi P., Secretary of War of Confederate States, 221; instructions to Beauregard about Fort Sumter, 224, 225

Walker, Robert J., governor of Kansas, 160

Walker, Gen. W. H. T., dispute with Gen. Hill at Chickamauga, 258, 259

Walthall, Gen. E. C., 277

War, Toombs' views on, 57

"War between the States," 75, 98, 185, 371

Warner, Hiram, opinion of Homestead and Exemption laws, 318

Warwick River, Toombs' operations on, 244

Washington, D. C., imperiled after first battle of Manassas, 238; Army of Northern Virginia advances on, 262

Washington, Ga., Mrs. Toombs' residence at, 4; distinguished men around, 16; speech at, 98, 99; debate between Toombs and Hill at, 144-152; Toombs elected commissioner, 192; the Toombs home at, 360

Washington County, escape through, 299

Waterloo, visit to field of, 126

Webster, Rev. Alexander, 6

Webster, Daniel, compared with Toombs, 14; last efforts of, 68; great Union speech of, 79; tribute to, 99, 104, 367; nominated for Presidency, 99; admiration for, in the South, 100; Secretary of State, 100; friendship with Toombs, 101; death, 102, 107; Hayne's challenge to, 175; his loss felt, 201

Wellborn, Speaker, 39

Wesleyan Female College, 9

Western and Atlantic Railroad, 40

West Indies, effects of emancipation in, 134, 137

West Point, Toombs' opinion of training at, 246-249; criticism of officers from, 273; criticism not sustained, 275

Wheeler, Gen. Joseph, 301, 303

Whig party, demand internal improvements, 40; attitude toward protection, 46; in campaign of 1844, 51, 55; position in campaign of 1848, 60; caucus of 1845, 68-70; joint action with Democrats in Georgia, 85; convention at Baltimore, 97; Southern opposition to Presidential candidate Scott, 98; nominates Webster for Presidency, 99; break in, by Southern members, 100; Toombs' defection from, 105; rupture over Scott's nomination, 121; absorption into Republican party, 140

Wilde, Gen., attempts the capture of Toombs, 286

Wilkes County, land-grant to Major Robert Toombs in, 2; partition of lands in, 3; birth-place of Gen. Toombs, 4; legal practice in, 15, 16, 22, 23; factions in, 29, 30; politics of, 32; defeat of Whigs in, 37; assigned to Eighth Congressional District, 44

Wilkinson County, escape through, 296

Willington, S. C., speech at, 45

Wilmot, David, member of Twenty-ninth Congress, 56

Wilmot Proviso, Ohio's position in regard to, 60; menace to the South, 70, 79; abandoned, 79, 87; Webster's attitude on, 99, 100; how characterized by Toombs, 149

Wingfield, J. T., 288

Winthrop, Robert C., member of Twenty-ninth Congress, 56; defeated for Speakership, 69

Wisconsin, debate on counting Electoral vote, 193, 194

Wolseley, Gen., on Sherman's invasion of Georgia, 281

Worth, Fort, meeting with squatters at, 153, 154

Wright, A. R., deputy to Provisional Congress, 215

Yancey, William L., member of Twenty-ninth Congress, 56; leads seceders from Charleston convention, 177; letter to Slaughter, 177, 178; speech in Charleston, 178; commissioner to Europe, 229

Yorktown, Toombs' operations at, 244, 245

"Young Alice," 300

* * * * *

TRANSCRIBER'S NOTE:

Every effort has been made to replicate this text as faithfully as possible, including obsolete and variant spellings. Obvious typographical errors in punctuation (misplaced quotes and the like) have been fixed. Corrections [in brackets] in the text are noted below:

page 39: typo corrected

and declared the resolutions adopted. Mr. Toombe[Toombs] fired up at this unusual decision. He threw himself before

page 122: possible typo

he did run for Congress and scored[should be scorned?] the secret order on every stump in the district.

page 171: quote added in likely place

Mr. Toombs contended that this was no new principle introduced into our Constitution. ["]It was inserted in the ordinance of 1787. The New

page 237: typo corrected

When General Toombs joined the Army his staff was made up as follows; D. M. Dubose[DuBose], Adjutant General; R. J. Moses,

page 260: quote added in likely place

from Toombs and directed him to join his command. ["]As we were preparing for the charge at Manassas (second battle),

page 268: typo corrected

"Gray Alice," so well known to his command. He was not very far over when a troop of calvary[cavalry] rode up. He

page 288: typo corrected

Riding over to a neigbor's[neighbor's] house, Mr. J. T. Wingfield, he failed to find his friend, but left

page 295: comma added

"But that looks very much like him through the window[,]" said Lieutenant Irvin.

page 295: typo corrected

or his plans, for fear that they might indiscreetly comment on his presence or embarass[embarrass] him even by their

page 299: typo corrected

Federals believed Tombs[Toombs] already abroad and had ceased to look for him in Georgia. After the passage

page 325: added missing quote

and property; defeat all the rightful purposes of government, and renounce all remedies, all laws.["]

page 342: typo corrected

authorizing the legislature to levy a lax[tax] to furnish good substantial artificial limbs to those

page 375: added missing quote

to his home in Augusta, General Toombs bade him good-by. ["]I am sorry," said he, "the hour is come. I hope we shall meet

On page 250, a quotation begins with no conclusive end:

"Just before dark," says Dr. Steiner, "Mr. Toombs received orders to charge the enemy, firing having been heard on the left. The position

Inconsistent spelling:

Greensboro (page 281)/Greenesboro (pages 9, 283)

Inconsistent spelling:

Empress Eugenie (page 310)/Eugenie (index)

Inconsistent spelling:

Hagerstown (page 265)/Hagarstown (page 262 and index)