Robert Curthose, Duke of Normandy

Though Robert’s life had been filled with failures and had ended in a signal disaster, his memory by no means perished with him. As a leader in the Holy War he had earned an env...

While William Rufus was hurrying to England to claim the royal crown, and the young Prince Henry was piously attending his father’s funeral at Caen, Robert Curthose, hearing the...

Duke Robert’s ambitious attempt to drive Henry I from the throne had ended in a signal failure. To be sure, he had gained the promise of an annual subsidy of 3000 marks of silve...

The year 1096 marks the beginning of a new era in the history of western civilization as well as in the life of Robert Curthose. On 27 November 1095,[1] Pope Urban II had preach...

Down to the year 1077 the conduct of Robert Curthose towards the king had, so far as we can see, been exemplary. Even William of Malmesbury, while criticising his later insubord...

While Robert Curthose was loitering in southern Italy, enjoying the hospitality of Norman friends and kinsmen, events of immense importance for him were taking place beyond the...

William of Malmesbury, in his well known sketch of the life and character of Robert Curthose,[1] relates an interesting episode. He tells us that Robert, in the heat of youth, a...

Soon after the battle of Tinchebray Henry I wrote exultingly to Anselm, announcing the great victory and boasting that he had captured four hundred knights and ten thousand foot...

V. A Bibliography of British Municipal History, including Gilds and Parliamentary Representation. By Charles Gross, Ph.D., LL.D., late Gurney Professor of History and Political...

ROBERT CURTHOSE IN LEGEND 190-202 Early growth of legends concerning Robert 190 His legendary exploits on the Crusade 193 His refusal of the crown of Jerusalem 197 Legends conne...

THE CRUSADE 89-119 Introduction 89 The Crusade launched in Normandy 90 Preparations for the Crusade 92 From Normandy to Nicaea 96 From Nicaea to Antioch 102 Antioch, 1097-98 104...

THE LOSS OF NORMANDY 138-176 Sequel to the treaty of Alton 138 Robert Curthose and Robert of Bellême 141 Private war in Normandy and intervention of Henry I 144 Robert and the c...

FAILURE TO GAIN THE ENGLISH CROWN 120-137 Death of William Rufus and accession of Henry I 120 Robert’s return from the Crusade 123 The end of Norman rule in Maine 125 Conspiracy...

INDEPENDENT RULE, 1087-95 42-88 Robert’s accession to the duchy 42 Unsuccessful attempt to gain the English crown 44 William Rufus against Robert Curthose 53 Robert and William...

REBELLION AND EXILE 17-41 Robert’s character and personal appearance 17 First rebellion and exile 18 Gerberoy 25 Robert in the active service of the king 31 Second rebellion and...

LAST YEARS AND DEATH 177-189 Settlement of Normandy after Tinchebray 177 Disposal of the captives 179 William Clito, last hope of a lost cause 180 Robert’s vicissitudes in capti...