Research methods in ecology

THE NEED OF A SYSTEM PAGE 1. The scope of ecology 1 2. Ecology and physiology 1 Historical Development 3. Geographical distribution 2 4. The plant formation 2 5. Plant successio...

27. Definition of the habitat 18 28. Factors 18 Classification of Factors 29. The nature of factors 19 30. The influence of factors 19 Determination of Factors 31. The need of e...

General Relations 144. The nature of stimuli 100 145. The kinds of stimuli 100 146. The nature of response 101 147. Adjustment and adaptation 102 148. The measurement of respons...

198. The need of exact methods 161 Quadrats 199. Uses 161 200. Possible objections 163 Kinds of Quadrats and Their Use 201. Size and kinds 164 202. Tapes and stakes 164 203. Loc...

=1. The scope of ecology.= The clue to the field of ecology is found in the Greek word, οἲκος, home. The point of view in the following treatise is constantly that which is inhe...

=27. Definition of the habitat.= The habitat is the sum of all the forces or factors present in a given area. It is the exact equivalent of the term environment, though the latt...

=29. The nature of factors.= The factors of a habitat are arranged in two groups according to their nature: (1) physical, (2) biotic. In the strict sense, the physical factors c...

=144. The nature of stimuli.= Whatever produces a change in the functions of a plant is a stimulus. The latter may be a force or a material; it may be imponderable or ponderable...

=198. The need of exact methods.= The use of instruments in the study of the habitat has made it evident that the loose methods of descriptive ecology were altogether inadequate...