Part 67
Though on an average from five to six men of the 170 employed are prevented from coming to their work, yet of these there are _four_ who have received support from the fund, on account of the infirmities of age and incurable diseases, for many years; so that, on an average, there is only from one to two who are prevented from coming to their work by sickness.[62] A part of the above-mentioned 550 mill hands live in the adjacent district; these, when they cannot come to the medical man belonging to the factory, are attended by the surgeon of the district; but then, on the other hand, there must be set against these the members of the families who do not work at the mill, as above-mentioned, and which are about equal in number. Indeed, the number of those coming for medical advice of the factory physician, and to which the following tables relate, may be from 600 to 700. The total population of Schwadorf is about 1700, of which, on an average of the last 10 years, according to the parish register, 62 died annually. Of these, according to the register kept by the factory physician, only 13, on an average, were from the mill population; at least, as it appears in the last seven years, during which the present physician has attended.
Attended. Died. 1834 1211 23 (N.B. Cholera.) 1835 852 10 1836 653 15 1837 540 14 1838 394 12 1839 298 6 1840 345 10 ———— —— 4293 90 ———— —— Average 617 13
A Special View of the state of Sickness in the years 1839, 1840.
┌─────────────┬─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐ │ Diseases. │ Treated. │ ├─────────────┼────────────────────────────┬────────────────────────────┤ │ │ 1839. │ 1840. │ ├─────────────┼────┬──────┬─────────┬──────┼────┬──────┬─────────┬──────┤ │ │Men.│Women.│Children.│Total.│Men.│Women.│Children.│Total.│ ├─────────────┼────┼──────┼─────────┼──────┼────┼──────┼─────────┼──────┤ │Inflammation │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ and │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ consumption│ 10│ 17│ 10│ 37│ 35│ 19│ 10│ 64│ │Nervous fever│ 19│ 4│ │ 23│ 8│ 9│ │ 17│ │Diseases of │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ the first │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ class │ 23│ 25│ 7│ 55│ 34│ 18│ 19│ 71│ │Chronic │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ disease of │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ the skin │ 15│ 11│ 5│ 31│ 12│ 9│ 14│ 35│ │Bleeding and │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ other │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ cleansings │ 5│ 16│ 3│ 24│ 3│ 13│ │ 16│ │Swelling of │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ the │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ scutiformed│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ glandule │ │ 10│ │ 10│ │ 6│ │ 6│ │Consumption │ │ 2│ │ 2│ │ 2│ │ 2│ │Spasms or │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ convulsions│ │ 15│ 6│ 21│ 1│ 10│ 10│ 21│ │Green │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ sickness │ │ 20│ │ 20│ │ 30│ │ 30│ │Rheumatism │ 5│ 7│ │ 12│ 4│ 6│ │ 10│ │Worms │ 3│ 2│ 22│ 27│ │ 3│ 20│ 23│ │Water in the │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ head │ │ │ 4│ 4│ │ │ 14│ 14│ │Scrofula │ │ │ 2│ 2│ │ │ 3│ 3│ │Sundries │ 5│ 11│ 2│ 18│ │ 20│ │ 20│ ├─────────────┼────┼──────┼─────────┼──────┼────┼──────┼─────────┼──────┤ │ Total │ 83│ 143│ 70│ 298│ 100│ 145│ 100│ 345│ └─────────────┴────┴──────┴─────────┴──────┴────┴──────┴─────────┴──────┘
┌─────────────┬─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐ │ Diseases. │ Deaths. │ ├─────────────┼────────────────────────────┬────────────────────────────┤ │ │ 1839. │ 1840. │ ├─────────────┼────┬──────┬─────────┬──────┼────┬──────┬─────────┬──────┤ │ │Men.│Women.│Children.│Total.│Men.│Women.│Children.│Total.│ ├─────────────┼────┼──────┼─────────┼──────┼────┼──────┼─────────┼──────┤ │Inflammation │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ and │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ consumption│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │Nervous fever│ │ │ │ │ 1│ │ │ 1│ │Diseases of │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ the first │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ class │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │Chronic │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ disease of │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ the skin │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │Bleeding and │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ other │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ cleansings │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │Swelling of │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ the │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ scutiformed│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ glandule │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │Consumption │ │ 2│ 1│ 3│ │ 2│ 1│ 3│ │Spasms or │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ convulsions│ 1│ │ 1│ 2│ │ │ 2│ 2│ │Green │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ sickness │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │Rheumatism │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │Worms │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │Water in the │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ head │ │ │ │ │ │ │ 3│ 3│ │Scrofula │ │ │ 1│ 1│ │ │ 1│ 1│ │Sundries │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ ├─────────────┼────┼──────┼─────────┼──────┼────┼──────┼─────────┼──────┤ │ Total │ 1│ 2│ 3│ 6│ 1│ 2│ 7│ 10│ └─────────────┴────┴──────┴─────────┴──────┴────┴──────┴─────────┴──────┘
Although the number of deaths only includes those who lived in the village of Schwadorf itself, yet under the “treated” are included also all those from the neighbourhood whose illness was not too great to prevent them coming to Schwadorf for medical advice. It further ought to be remarked upon the apparently large number of cases of sickness, that as the people have medical advice and medicine gratis, that they come for it on the slightest illness, and the more so as not only the master of the works but also the physician encourages them as much as possible to do so, convinced that in most cases, by timely aid, more serious illnesses are prevented. Lastly, it is to be understood that these memoranda or notices have not been made for any special object, but only for our own information.
_Remarks on the Factories in Neunkirchen._
1. _Screw Works._ There exists in connexion with this mill a sick-fund, in which, however, the hands dwelling out of Neunkirchen do not participate. Those who live in Neunkirchen pay to this fund weekly 1 _xr._ for every guilder they earn as wages. They receive for this medical advice and medicine gratis; and if they cannot come to work, the following relief, namely, (those under Wr. Wf. fl. 4½ weekly wages have nothing)
From fl. 4½ to 6 daily 20 _xr._ W. W. 6 to 9 daily 24 _xr._ W. W. Over 9 daily 30 _xr._ W. W.
Those Croatians who live in their houses do not receive any quota from the sick-fund, but are, of course, attended. As to those who are out of the district, they also receive medical advice gratis, if they can come to the factory physician, even though they do not contribute to the sick-fund. Only few have families, but these also, in case of sickness, receive medical assistance.
The number of hands varies considerably from 200 to 300; on an average about 250; of these may be,
Men and adults 180 Women 20 Children from 13 to 17 years 50
The total contribution to the relief-fund was, in the
Year 1839, W. W. fl. 190·48, or 31 _x._ per day. 1840, W. W. fl. 250·50, or 41 _x._ per day.
Also on an average one or two individuals could not work on account of illness.
To both the spinning works of Herrn von Eltz and Herrn Roulet there is attached a sick-fund, the exact rules of which I am not acquainted with. In the print-works of Dubois, Dupasquier, and Co., the printers have a sick-fund amongst themselves, out of which the hands in work assist those who are unable to work, according to the circumstances. Since the hands in the screw-works are not, like the spinners, a steady, fixed class of workers, but a more fluctuating class, since it often happens that members of the same family are employed in different factories, and it is difficult to separate into heads the number of individuals who have received medical aid; the annexed table for 1840 will give a tolerably correct view of the state of sickness in the various works, only with regard however to the numbers working, leaving the other members of the family out of consideration. It is to be observed here, that the physician by whom these statements have been drawn up is appointed exclusively to the screw-works and the two spinning manufactories. The hands from the print-works go also to other physicians, of whom there are several in Neunkirchen; hence is explained the apparently small number of persons from the print-works who have received medical aid from him.
Screw works of Spinning works of Print works of Von Brevillier and Co. Frid. Eltz and Dubois, Carl Roulet Dupasquier, and together. Co.
─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── About 180 men 160 men 180 men 20 women 200 women 90 women 50 children 150 children 90 children ——— ——— ——— 250 persons. 510 persons. 360 persons.
In 1840, having received medical treatment:
Catarrh 14 30 8 Rheumatism. 88 40 20 Gastric 12 25 4 Intermittent 5 16 3 fever Nervous fever 3 10 3 Inflammations 16 36 10 Various 17 36 8 diseases Scrofula 0 8 0 Accidents 7 12 4 ——— ——— ——— 92 213 60
Deaths in the screw works 1 man, tubercles in the lungs. Deaths in the screw works 1 man, inflammation of the lungs. Deaths in the spinning works 1 man, tubercles in the lungs. Deaths in the print works 1 man, apoplexy. Deaths in the print works 1 man, fatal accident. — 5 men.
A Tabular View of the Deaths in the various Spinning Manufactories, as a means of comparing them with the Deaths occurring in the rest of the Population, taken from the Registers of Deaths in the under-mentioned Parishes.
┌───────┬───────────┬───────────┬───────┬──────────┬───────────┐ │ │ │ Total │ │Proportion│ Spinning │ │ Year. │ Parish. │Population.│Deaths.│of Deaths │ Works. │ │ │ │ │ │per Cent. │ │ ├───────┼───────────┼───────────┼───────┼──────────┼───────────┤ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ ├───────┼───────────┼───────────┼───────┼──────────┼───────────┤ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ 1840 │Günselsdorf│ 1,500│ 48│ 3.2│Teesdorf │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ 1840 │Pottendorf │ 4,000│ 157│ 4.0│Pottendorf │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ 1840 │Pottenstein│ 3,000│ 111│ 3.7│Fatnafeld │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │During │ │ │ │ │ │ │ 10 │Schönau │ 860│ 354│ 4.1│Schönau │ │ years │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │During │ │ │ │ │ │ │ 10 │Sollenau │ 750│ 288│ 3.8│Sollenau │ │ years │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ The │ │ │ │ │ │ │average│Schwadorf │ 1,700│ 62│ 3.7│Schwadorf │ │ of 7 │ │ │ │ │ │ │ years │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │During │Steinabürkl│ 640│ 33│ 2.5│Steinabürkl│ │2 years│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │During │Teresimfeld│ 1,200│ 78│ 3.3│Felydorf │ │2 years│ │ │ │ │ │ ├───────┼───────────┼───────────┼───────┼──────────┼───────────┤ │ │ Total │ 13,650│ 1,131│ 3.8│ │ └───────┴───────────┴───────────┴───────┴──────────┴───────────┘
┌───────┬───────────┬───────┬──────────┬──────────────────────────────┐ │ │ Mill │ │Proportion│ Age of Death of the Mill │ │ Year. │Population.│Deaths.│of Deaths │ Population. │ │ │ │ │per Cent. │ │ ├───────┼───────────┼───────┼──────────┼──────┬───────┬───────┬───────┤ │ │ │ │ │Under │Between│Between│Between│ │ │ │ │ │ 3 │3 and 6│6 and 9│10 and │ │ │ │ │ │years.│years. │years. │ 14 │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │years. │ ├───────┼───────────┼───────┼──────────┼──────┼───────┼───────┼───────┤ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ 1840 │ 700│ 21│ 3.0│ 9│ │ │ 1│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ 1840 │ 1,200│ 42│ 3.5│ 13│ 4│ 3│ 3│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ 1840 │ 500│ 19│ 3.8│ 11│ 1│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │During │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ 10 │ 300│ 132│ 3.4│ 46│ 6│ 5│ 23│ │ years │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │During │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ 10 │ 360│ 115│ 3.2│ 59│ 1│ 8│ 5│ │ years │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ The │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │average│ 550│ 13│ 2.3│ │ │ │ │ │ of 7 │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ years │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │During │ 394│ 16│ 2.0│ 13│ │ 1│ │ │2 years│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │During │ 700│ 28│ 2.0│ 19│ │ │ 2│ │2 years│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ ├───────┼───────────┼───────┼──────────┼──────┼───────┼───────┼───────┤ │ │ 4,704│ 386│ 3.3│ 170│ 12│ 17│ 34│ └───────┴───────────┴───────┴──────────┴──────┴───────┴───────┴───────┘
┌───────┬───────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐ │ │ │ │ Year. │ Age of Death of the Mill Population. │ │ │ │ ├───────┼───────┬───────┬───────┬───────┬───────┬───────┬───────┤ │ │Between│Between│Between│Between│Between│Between│Between│ │ │15 and │19 and │26 and │32 and │38 and │41 and │45 and │ │ │ 18 │ 25 │ 30 │ 36 │ 40 │ 44 │ 47 │ │ │years. │years. │years. │years. │years. │years. │years. │ ├───────┼───────┼───────┼───────┼───────┼───────┼───────┼───────┤ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ 1840 │ 1│ │ │ 2│ 1│ 1│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ 1840 │ 5│ 6│ 4│ 1│ 1│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ 1840 │ 3│ │ │ 1│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │During │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ 10 │ 7│ 12│ 2│ 4│ 2│ 5│ 4│ │ years │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │During │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ 10 │ 5│ 6│ 3│ 5│ 2│ 2│ 6│ │ years │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ The │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │average│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ of 7 │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ years │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │During │ │ │ 1│ │ │ │ │ │2 years│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │During │ │ 1│ 2│ 2│ │ │ │ │2 years│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ ├───────┼───────┼───────┼───────┼───────┼───────┼───────┼───────┤ │ │ 21│ 25│ 12│ 15│ 6│ 8│ 10│ └───────┴───────┴───────┴───────┴───────┴───────┴───────┴───────┘
┌───────┬───────────────────────────────────────┐ │ │ │ │ Year. │ Age of Death of the Mill Population. │ │ │ │ ├───────┼───────┬───────┬───────┬───────┬───────┤ │ │Between│Between│Between│Between│Between│ │ │50 and │55 and │60 and │65 and │70 and │ │ │ 54 │ 58 │ 64 │ 68 │ 75 │ │ │years. │years. │years. │years. │years. │ ├───────┼───────┼───────┼───────┼───────┼───────┤ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ 1840 │ 1│ 1│ 2│ 1│ 1│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ 1840 │ 1│ │ │ │ 1│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ 1840 │ │ │ │ 1│ 2│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │During │ │ │ │ │ │ │ 10 │ 3│ 2│ 4│ 4│ 3│ │ years │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │During │ │ │ │ │ │ │ 10 │ │ 3│ 6│ 2│ 2│ │ years │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ The │ │ │ │ │ │ │average│ │ │ │ │ │ │ of 7 │ │ │ │ │ │ │ years │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │During │ │ │ 1│ │ │ │2 years│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │During │ 1│ │ 1│ │ │ │2 years│ │ │ │ │ │ ├───────┼───────┼───────┼───────┼───────┼───────┤ │ │ 6│ 6│ 14│ 8│ 9│ └───────┴───────┴───────┴───────┴───────┴───────┘
23.—_Typhus Fever, the vast amount of, produced among the Poor of Liverpool from want of Ventilation and Cleanliness._
The typhus, or low contagious fever, prevails in all large cities and towns to a degree that those are not aware of who have not turned their attention to the subject, or whose occupations do not lead them to mix with the labouring poor. In Liverpool it has been supposed that this disease is seldom to be met with; and it is certainly true, that the upper classes of the inhabitants are not often subjected to its ravages. When the extent to which it is constantly present among the poor shall be proved by authentic documents, this circumstance will serve to demonstrate the narrow sphere of the contagion, and to show how much it is within the limits of human power to lessen the frequency of the disease.