Part 4

Common Wheatear, _Saxicola œnanthe_ (Linn.).--Spring: Farne Inner L.H., March 22nd, 1882, 3 p.m., two. Spurn, 29th, many. Heligoland, April 8th, numerous fine old males; 12th, some at lighthouse. At 5th Buoy Tees L.V., April 10th to 29th, several coming from E.S.E. towards land, wind N.E. to N.W. Autumn: Heligoland, June 29th, pretty numerous, young birds of the year. On the English coast, from Aug. 12th, at the Farne Inner L.H., several, to Spurn, Oct. 7th, E., rain, evening, several round lantern. Passed across Heligoland in large numbers in September; some on Oct. 10th, "great old males."

Eastern Pied Chat, _S. morio_, Ehr.--Heligoland, early in June, a fine adult male shot.

Whinchat, _Pratincola rubetra_ (Linn.).--Great Cotes, August, last week, some number of young birds. Spurn, Oct. 15th, all day. Heligoland, from Aug. 6th, young birds, and throughout month.

Stonechat, _P. rubicola_,--Spring: Heligoland, Feb. 27th, 1882, two or three; 28th, several; March 1st, one fine old male. Autumn: Great Cotes, first week in September, many young; October and November, old birds, sparingly.

Redstart, _Ruticilla phœnicurus_ (Linn.).--Spring: Inner Farne L.H., April 22nd and 23rd, some with Wheatears. Autumn: Spurn, Sept. 7th, one. Longstone L.H., 14th, N.E., 5 p.m., on rocks. Yarmouth, 22nd, a few; and from Oct. 7th to 13th a few from the Farne Islands southward to Spurn. Have been comparatively scarce compared with the large numbers which accompanied the Wheatears on their southward migration up the coast in the autumns of 1880 and 1881. Across Heligoland from Aug. 10th to first week in October; on the 5th, great many, with Wheatears, wind E., fresh.

Blackstart, _R. titys_ (Scop.).--Heligoland, March 13th to 14th, one; 17th, eight to ten; and to April 8th, daily, some. Autumn: Spurn, Oct. 29th, one, adult female; stomach contained remains of Coleoptera, entire ants, and two large seeds. Migrates earlier in the spring and later in the autumn than the Redstart.

Red-spotted Bluethroat, _Cyanecula suecica_ (Linn.).--Heligoland, Sept. 16th, E.N.E., in great numbers, with Redstarts, Goldcrests, Wheatears, &c.; 20th, S.E., fresh, many; 23rd, very numerous. At Spurn, Sept. 11th, two immature, one obtained. It appears yet to be an open question with ornithologists whether the young of suecica are distinguishable from those of leucocyana in the plumage of the first year; the Spurn bird therefore may be an example of the Central European form, the White-spotted Bluethroat.

Redbreast, _Erithacus rubecula_ (Linn.).--Spring: Heligoland, March 13th and 14th, several; April 8th, 22nd and 23rd, some. Autumn: across island, from Sept. 8th, N., calm, overcast, through October, in large numbers; great rush, Oct. 17th, 18th and 19th; again on 27th and 28th. At Orfordness and Languard Point lighthouses and Ship wash L.V., on Sept. 20th, and from Oct. 6th to 25th between the Longstone L.H. and East Goodwin L.V., in great numbers. Great rush Oct. 8th, and again night of 13th at many stations and in large numbers. At the Galloper L.V., on 6th, with Wrens.

Sylviinæ.--Whitethroat, _Sylvia cinerea_ (Linn.), Hanois L.H., April 16th, 3 a.m., some killed. Heligoland, April 22nd and 23rd, S.S.E. and S., some. Spurn L.H., May 7th, 11 p.m., misty, rain, one killed. Cromer L.H., June 17th, 9.50 p.m., 6 a.m., two and a Wren killed. Autumn: Cromer L.H., July 18th, 3 a.m., S.W., seven stunned. During September and first week in October at several stations during night. Blackcap, _S. atricapilla_ (Linn.), Heligoland, April 23rd, some; 28th, many. Lesser Whitethroat, _S. curruca_ (Linn.), also some. Heligoland, in the autumn. Whitethroats on Aug. 6th, and through September in great numbers to Oct. 7th. Garden Warbler from Aug. 19th to end of September. Blackcap as late as Oct. 27th.

Golden-crested Wren, _Regulus cristatus_, Koch.--Spring, 1882: Heligoland, March 13th and 14th, several, and on to April 12th. Autumn: the autumn of 1882 will be long remembered amongst ornithologists from the extraordinary immigration of Goldcrests on to the east coasts of Scotland and England. On the east coast of England the migration extended over ninety-two days, commencing Aug. 6th. Cromer L.H., midnight, two stunned against lantern, and a week later at Redcar, Aug. 13th, wind S.W., forty to fifty, at 8 a.m., seen on the breakwater, and forward, at many stations and in immense numbers, to Nov. 5th, Cockle L.V., 5 a.m., one caught against glass. They arrived somewhat sparingly in August and through September, and day after day in enormous numbers in October; in this month they are recorded at twenty-one stations between the Farne Islands and the Hanois L.H., off Guernsey. There appear to have been two great rushes, one on the night of Oct. 7th and morning of 8th, and again on night of 12th and morning of 13th, the latter with the Woodcock.[6] Many also are likewise reported during the month to have alighted on fishing-boats, steam-vessels, &c., in the North Sea. At Heligoland, on Oct. 8th, all the island swarmed with them; they had also been exceedingly numerous there from Sept. 8th, continuing also to arrive and depart throughout October, and on the night from 28th to 29th Mr. Gätke remarks, "a perfect storm of Goldcrests we have had,--poor little souls!--perching on the ledges of the window-panes of the lantern of our lighthouse, preening their feathers in the glare of the lamps; on the 29th all the island swarmed with them, filling the gardens everywhere, and over all the cliff--hundreds of thousands; by 9 a.m. most of them had passed on again." On English coast, Farne Inner L.H., Oct. 8th, "never remember seeing so many at one time." Whitby L.H., 8th and 12th, "great rush." Flamborough, 7th to 14th, "never more seen." Spurn, 7th to 8th, "in turnip-fields, hedges, and everywhere, never more seen." Great Cotes, 8th, great many everywhere, and even on the piles of timber on the dock-quays and timber-yards at Grimsby. Dudgeon L.V., 12th, "flock to W." Cromer L.H., 10th and 12th, latter night "large flocks," and at other stations, too numerous to detail, in large numbers. General direction E. to W., and E.S.E. to W.N.W., winds easterly over North Sea nights of 7th and 12th, with fogs and drizzling rain on latter night. These small wanderers reached the land in a very exhausted state, and great numbers are supposed to have perished in mid-passage.

[Footnote 6: At this date the stream of Goldcrests extended quite across England, the Irish Channel, and into Ireland.]

It is curious that the Fire-crested Wren, _R. ignicapillus_ (C. L. Brehm), has not been observed at Heligoland during the autumn, although generally it is tolerably numerous.

At the Newarp L.V., in March and April, 1883, an immense migration of various birds was observed almost day by day; amongst those on April 14th three Golden-crested Wrens going eastward.

Phylloscopinæ.--Spring: East Yorkshire, Chiffchaff, _Phylloscopus collybita_ (Vieill.), March 13th. Willow Wren, P. trochilus (Linn.), Heligoland, April 22nd and 23rd, some. Autumn: Spurn and East Lincolnshire, first week in September, many; latest. Spurn, Oct. 25th. Chiffchaff also at Spurn on 29th. Heligoland, Willow Wren, Aug. 15th, some, and forward in great numbers to Oct. 19th. Chiffchaff, Sept. 21st, and a great number at intervals to Oct. 27th. Wood Wren, _P. sibilatrix_ (Bechst.), Oct. 27th, one. Yellow-browed Warbler, _P. superciliosus_ (Gm.), Oct. 23rd, W., one; 27th, S.W., one seen.

Acrocephalinæ.--Spring: Spurn, May 29th, 11 p.m., misty, two Reed Warblers, _Acrocephalus streperus_ (Vieill.), killed against lantern; Spurn, Aug. 20th, midnight, three old males killed; Great Cotes, Sept. 2nd, in bean-fields. On Sept. 12th, 1881, two Grasshopper Warblers, _Locustella nævia_ (Bodd.), were killed in the night against the lantern of Spurn lighthouse (omitted in report for 1881). Heligoland, Sept. 19th, one Grasshopper Warbler.

Hedgesparrow, _Accentor modularis_ (Linn.).--Spring: Heligoland, March 12th, some; 13th and 14th, some; 20th to April 12th, daily some. Autumn: At Spurn and in East Lincolnshire great numbers were observed during the first fortnight in September. Spurn, Oct. 8th, most abundant, and on the Lincolnshire side, same date, extraordinary numbers; in some localities, as stack-yards and marsh hedgerows, swarming. Heligoland, Sept. 20th, S.E., beginning to arrive; 22nd, great many; on Oct. 6th and 7th, marvellous numbers; also on 8th, and continuing to arrive and pass forward in very great numbers up to the 29th. It will be seen that their extraordinary abundance at Spurn and in East Lincolnshire on Oct. 8th corresponds with the immense flight at Heligoland at the same period, Oct. 6th, 7th and 8th. At Languard Point, on March 1st, 1883, a large flock was seen at 12.30 p.m., going eastward.

Bearded Reedling, _Panurus biarmicus_ (Linn.).--Heligoland, Oct. 9th, S.S.E., later thick and hazy, one, a male.

Paridæ.--Autumn: Heligoland, Blue Titmouse, _Parus cœrulæus_, Linn., Sept. 20th, beginning; Oct. 23rd, some. Great Titmouse, _P. major_, Linn., Oct. 7th, a sprinkling; 8th, numerous; 14th, great many. Coal Titmouse, _P. ater_, Linn., one on Oct. 15th; _Paridæ_ continuing to pass up to 29th. Languard Point L.H., Oct. 29th, one Long-tailed Titmouse. Galloper L.V., Oct. 8th, one Titmouse dead on deck. Farne Inner L.H., Oct. 13th, E.S.E., Great and Blue Titmouse, old males, many. 5 Buoy Tees L.V., 13th, 3 p.m., five on board. Newarp L.V., several on deck, with Goldcrests and Redbreasts. Two "rushes," Oct. 8th and 13th, with Goldcrests.

Common Wren, _Troglodytes parvulus_, Koch.--Spring: Flamborough L.H., March 18th, W., many round lantern, several struck. Hunstanton L.H., 17th, 3 a.m., S.W., one caught against lantern. Corton L.V., April 14th, one, E. to W. Cromer L.H., June 17th, 9.50 p.m., two struck, one killed. Autumn: Heligoland, Oct. 9th, S.S.E., calm, a great many; 14th, many. Flamborough L.H., Sept. 15th, Spurn L.H., 20th, Galloper L.V., 21st, and Shipwash L.V., 26th, a great many, both during day and night. Oct. 7th to 8th and 12th to 13th, great rushes at six stations from Farne Islands to Galloper L.V.; at the latter on night of 12th many round lantern, and night of 13th, 8 p.m. to daybreak of 14th, with many other birds, Larks, Starlings, Thrushes, and two Robins--altogether many thousands of birds; 160 of various species picked up on deck, and it is calculated one thousand struck and went overboard.

Motacillidæ.--Spring: Heligoland, Feb. 20th, 1882, Pied Wagtail, _Motacilla lugubris_, Temm., one fine old male, "never so early; once I got one on Feb, 28th"; April 23rd, Blue-headed Wagtail, _M. flava_, Linn., some; Yellow Wagtail, _M. raii_, Bp., one; 28th, _flava_ pretty numerous. Inner Farne L.H., March 29th, one Pied Wagtail. 5 Buoy Tees L.V., 28th and 29th, 8 a.m. to 3 p.m., great many in flocks of about twenty, flying S.E. to N.W. Whitby L.H., 23rd, many. Autumn: Heligoland, Aug. 14th, White Wagtail, _M. alba_, Linn., some; Sept. 9th, _M. flava_, many. Great Cotes, Sept. 2nd, Grey Wagtail, _M. melanope_, flocks of twenty to thirty in bean-fields; only one old bird seen. Spurn, 7th, several. Heligoland, April 26th, W.N.W., Richard's Pipit, _Anthus richardii_, Vieill., one, a small male bird; 28th, one male, very pale, but not faded or abraded. Autumn: Heligoland, Sept. 28th, S.W., fresh, _A. richardii_, a few; Oct. 8th, a few shot. Meadow Pipit, _A. pratensis_ (Linn.), Sept. 7th, potato-fields crowded with them, and up to Oct. 19th a great many; Oct. 17th, marvellous numbers. Tree Pipit, _A. trivialis_ (Linn.), Sept. 19th to Oct. 11th, numerous. Rock Pipit, _A. obscurus_ (Lath.), some with _pratensis_. Great Cotes, Sept. 2nd, Meadow and Tree Pipits in small flocks in bean-fields. Inner Dowsing L.V., Sept. 12th, fifty Titlarks during day. Farne Inner L.H., Nov. 20th, 2 p.m., sixty to S.W.

Laniidæ.--Spring: Spurn, May 28th. Red-backed Shrike, _Lanius collurio_, Linn., two, male and female, night of 27th or morning of 28th. Autumn: Great Grey Shrike, _L. excubitor_, Linn., Spurn, Sept. 18th, one; 19th, one; and several during the first fortnight in October. Heligoland, Oct. 5th, _L. major_, one, a second during day; 15th, one; 18th, _L. excubitor_, one, an old male.

Waxwing, _Ampelis garrulus_, Linn.--Heligoland, Nov. 21st, one female. Seaton Carew, Jan. 5th, 1883, several seen near Middlesborough and Guisborough, some shot. Cleethorpes, near Grimsby, early morning, 15th, one in a garden close to coast; same time, one near Wragby, Lincolnshire; 17th, large flocks, several scores, near Goole, fourteen obtained. Several also in Norfolk near East Coast early in 1883.

Muscicapidæ.--Pied Flycatcher, _M. atricapilla_, Linn.--Heligoland, June 27th, pretty numerous, young, and forward to Sept. 20th in large numbers; during the latter time with many Spotted Flycatchers, _M. grisola_. Spurn, Sept. 12th, Pied Flycatchers, a few, very small birds comparatively, measuring one inch less in length than those obtained in 1881. The Common Flycatcher was last observed in North Lincolnshire on Sept. 25th. "Flycatchers" are frequently mentioned as occurring round the lanterns at night; it is, however, impossible to say what birds are intended, as the term is used indiscriminately for many of the small insect-eating birds.

Hirundinidæ.--Swallow, _H. rustica_, Linn.--Spring: First at Hunstanton L.H., April 13th, several. Heligoland, April 23rd. Longstone L.H., May 1st. Autumn: Heligoland, August to Oct. 31st, with House Martins at the latter date. Sand Martins crossed the island on Aug. 15th, and large numbers of both _rustica_ and _urbica_ from Sept. 13th to 19th. On East Coast of England, Great Cotes, Aug. 12th, dusk, starlight, about one hundred N.E. to S.W.; main body passed up the coast in September, and very few seen after first week in October. The last occurrences are North-East Lincolnshire, Nov. 8th, two at Laceby. Flamborough, Nov. 11th, N., cold, two about lighthouse. Patrington, Yorkshire, on Oct. 27th I saw ten or twelve House Martins hawking in the village street.

Goldfinch, _Carduelis elegans_, Steph.--Spring: Spurn, April 20th, 11 a.m., six from S. remaining all day. Autumn: Spurn and East Lincolnshire, some in October. Heligoland, Oct. 16th, a few.

Siskin, _Chrysomitris spinus_ (Linn.).--Seaton Carew, Durham, Oct. 19th, one. Spurn, 25th, a few. Heligoland, Oct. 16th and on to 23rd, some.

Greenfinch, _Ligurinus chloris_ (Linn.).--N. E. Lincolnshire, Feb. 5th, 1883, large flocks on stubbles near the coast. Great Cotes, Sept. 7th, large migratory flocks in bean-fields and on stubbles during month, feeding on seeds of _Atriplex angustifolia_ and _Polygonum aviculare_, showing a decided preference for the latter. Languard L.H., Oct. 23rd, very large flock came in at noon.

Hawfinch, _Coccothraustes vulgaris_, Pall.--Inner Dowsing L.V., Oct. 20th, S.S.W. [No. 5], two came on board and remained all night, then in the morning left, flying S.E. to N.W. At Heligoland, Mr. Gätke says, "the Hawfinch here is a well-known customer, never in any numbers, but every spring and fall some, betraying itself forthwith by its peculiar call-note, so out of all proportion with its colossal beak."

Common Sparrow, _Passer domesticus_ (Linn.).--From Sept. 23rd, Shipwash L.V., "flights to N.N.W. to Farne Inner L.V.," Nov. 2nd, eight House Sparrows, "seldom seen here." Altogether observed at twelve stations, with one exception, as above, all south of the Humber. Goodwin L.V., Sept. 27th to Nov. 14th, on ten days large and continuous flights to W., and in large numbers in October at other stations.

Tree Sparrow, _P. montanus_ (Linn.).--Spring: Heligoland, March 20th, a score; April 24th, daily; and 15th to 20th, some; 29th, "eating off buds of gooseberries in garden." Corton L.V., June 8th, one on board. Autumn: Shipwash L.V., Sept. 22nd, 2 to 6 p.m., large numbers to S.W., to Spurn, Oct. 25th; altogether at seven stations south of the Humber in very considerable numbers in October.

Chaffinch, _Fringilla cœlebs_, Linn.--Corton L.V., from Sept. 28th, "several flocks during forenoon to W.," to Galloper L.V., Oct. 14th, 9 p.m. to 4 a.m., "many with Larks." Seven stations report Chaffinches, all in October, between the Tees and South Sand Head L.V., Goodwins. Heligoland, Oct. 6th and 7th, enormous numbers crossed--hundreds of thousands.

Brambling, _F. montifringilla_, Linn.--Heligoland, March 13th and 14th, 1882, one each day; April 8th a few, and on to 28th. Autumn: Longstone L.H., Sept. 21st, 10 a.m., N.E., fresh and stormy, several. Spurn, Oct. 9th, some; 18th, an immense flock of males, extending two hundred yards in length, and flying as closely as a flock of Knots. Teesmouth, 12th and 13th, some. Heligoland, Sept. 4th, E. by N., some; Oct. 19th, great many.

Linnet, _Linota cannabina_ (Linn.).--Scarcely any reported.[7] Lesser Redpoll, _L. rufescens_ (Vieill.), a few in N. E. Lincolnshire, first week in September. Spurn, October, several. Heligoland, Oct. 24th, storm S.W., No. 11, one, "first capture of species on island"; Nov. 7th, S.E., windy and heavy rain, one shot in garden, second specimen. Twite, _L. flavirostris_ (Linn.), Heligoland, scarcely any during autumn. Spurn, Oct. 25th, some small flocks, examples obtained had very pink rumps.

[Footnote 7: East Coast of Scotland, vast rush in October (9th to 23rd). See J. A. H. B., p. 14 of Report.]

Common Bullfinch, _Pyrrhula europæa_, Vieill.--Hasbro' L.V., Oct. 12th, 4 p.m., two S.E. to N.W.

Common Crossbill, _Loxia curvirostra_, Linn.--Farne Inner L.H., July 15th, one found near lighthouse, had been dead some days.

Emberizidæ.--Yellow Bunting, _E. citrinella_, Linn., Hunstanton L.H., Oct. 23rd, 10.30 a.m., great many round lighthouse. Ortolan Bunting, _E. hortulana_, Linn., Heligoland, April 28th and 29th, some. Meadow Bunting, _E. cia_, Linn., Heligoland, March 8th, S.S.W., clear, warm and fine, a fine old male, the first after forty years. Reed Bunting, _E. schœniclus_, Linn., Great Cotes, first week in September, many in bean-fields. Autumn: Heligoland, Aug. 14th, Ortolan Bunting, some; 28th, numerous; first fortnight in October, _E. schœniclus_, great many daily; 17th, great many, and to end of month.

Snow Bunting, _Plectrophanes nivalis_ (Linn.).--Spring: Heligoland, Feb. 28th, 1882, great many; March 28th, many. 5 Buoy Tees L.V., Spurn, and Inner Farne, in March; large flocks at Spurn on 4th. Autumn: A few old birds in September; 7th and 8th, one each day at Skitter Haven, within the Humber. Young birds first at Great Cotes, Sept. 28th; occurred at stations north of Humber in October, November, and December, to January 2nd. Teesmouth, Dec. 1st, large flocks preceding the heavy snow-storm on 5th. Heligoland, Oct. 24th, S.S.E., strong and increasing, thick, "with thousands of others during forenoon racing past overhead"; night, storm S.W. [No. 11]; 29th, "in great masses in the fields"; and at intervals great numbers to Nov. 21st.

Sky Lark, _Alauda arvensis_, Linn.--Spring: Heligoland, Jan. 18th, 1882, N.N.W., all night great many, all day thousands upon thousands over island, all to E.; miles out at sea the same; Feb. 8th and 9th, great numbers across island; 10th and 11th, the same with Starlings, all to W.; 15th, S.W., rain, from early morning and all day, thousands from the east. Starlings same, all very high; 25th, S.S.W., early, calm and fine, "flights on flights" to E. by N.; 28th, Woodlark, _A. arborea_, Linn., "a small party, the first"; March 2nd, a flight. Spurn, March 27th, flocks of Sky Larks all day passing. Autumn: First at Galloper L.V., Sept. 20th, midnight to 4 p.m., "shoals," to Jan. 10th, 1883, at 5 Buoy Tees L.V.; altogether at twenty-nine stations, crossing the whole east coast of England, and in immense numbers both by night and day, direction E. to W., or S.E. to N.W.; Oct. 7th and 8th, great "rushes," again 10th and 13th, and again on 20th; Nov. 12th, and on Dec. 13th to 15th inclusive, in the latter case up the coast from N. to S., as well as directly inland from sea. Larks appear to have been tolerably equally distributed over the whole coast-line, and as usual to have crossed the North Sea in enormous numbers, far outnumbering any other species. At Heligoland, in the autumn, they appear, from Mr. Gätke's notes, to have passed on Oct. 11th, "great many passing above fog," call-notes heard; and subsequently in large numbers to Nov. 21st.

Shore Lark, _Otocorys alpestris_ (Linn.)--Spring: Heligoland, March 20th, eight to ten; April 8th, E. by N., great many flights of twenty or over; 9th, same; 11th, very numerous; 14th, flights of thirty to forty; and to 24th, some daily. Autumn: Oct. 4th, great many; 6th, "some" (that means with us here, say a hundred); and subsequently at intervals to 28th, when they passed by thousands; Nov. 27th, many still passing over. Spurn, Oct. 26th, flock of seven; November and December, tolerably abundant; about eighty shot near Yarmouth in October, the greater portion being male birds.

Starling, _Sturnus vulgaris_, Linn.--Spring: April 4th, flocks to N. Autumn: First at Whitby, Aug. 3rd, 4th, and 5th, great many near lighthouse to Dec. 15th, at Spurn; altogether at nineteen stations covering the east coast of England, the bulk crossing in October; great rush from 10th to 13th inclusive, from E. to W. and to W.S.W. Heligoland, Oct. 10th, flights of sixty to seventy; 22nd, S. by E., flights of "hundreds of thousands," and great many to Nov. 13th. Rose-coloured Starling, _Pastor roseus_ (Linn.), Sept. 24th, S.E., calm, one young bird.

Common Jay, _Garrulus glandarius_ (Linn.).--Heligoland, Oct. 6th, strong, clear, later stormy, "flights of hundreds"; Oct. 7th, S.E., clear, not warm, blowing nearly a gale, "without interruption thousands on thousands passing overhead like Crows"; 8th, S.E., fresh, clear, "actually still more than yesterday, over the sea north and south of the island, multitudes like a continual stream--never seen such masses"; 15th, eight to ten. Mem.: "Jays requiring strong, dry, clear east wind; Tits and _pratensis_ the same; Chaffinches want east wind strong, but overcast, and cloudy sky." The great abundance of the Jay in our English woodlands has been remarked upon from many districts during the winter of 1882-83; more especially, however, south of a line drawn from Flamborough Head to Portland Bill, Dorset.

Magpie, _Pica rustica_ (Scop.).--Spurn L.H., March 24th, remained in neighbourhood three days. Weybourne, Norfolk, Oct. 16th, arrival of Magpies noticed.--J. H. G.

Daw, _Corvus monedula_, Linn.--At several stations with Rooks in October and November. Heligoland, Oct. 6th, about one hundred; 24th, towards evening, flights of about five hundred; 27th, one shot from a flock with light grey neck; on this day all birds in great haste, flying as a rule _very_ high; enormous flocks of Jackdaws seen but as the finest dust; of many birds only heard call-notes without being able to see them; wind S., S.E., and E. by S.

Carrion Crow, _C. corone_, Linn.--First at Orfordness L.H., Sept. 23rd, seven to N.E.; and at several stations from Farne Inner L.H. to Goodwin L.V., in October, November, and December; sometimes with Hooded Crows, occasionally in separate flocks. On Oct. 9th, at Spurn, Mr. Hewetson shot a Crow from a flock passing inland, which had a few white feathers under the chin and some of the claws white. Heligoland, Oct. 27th, a small flight.