CHAPTER XI.

NAVIGATION OF HUDSON BAY. Need of Hudson Bay Route—Historical—Navigation of Hudson Strait—Navigation in Hudson Bay—Ports—Currents—Ice from Davis Strait—Ice in Hudson Bay—Period of Navigation—Sailing Directions—Trade—Natural Resources—Advantages of Hudson Bay Route—Storage of Grain—Railway 283

APPENDIX I. Meteorological Observations taken on the _Neptune_ 300

APPENDIX II. List of Birds and Eggs collected on the Voyage 314

APPENDIX III. List of Plants collected in 1904 320

APPENDIX IV. Notes on the Fossils collected on the Voyage 322

APPENDIX V. List of the principal Works and Papers consulted in the Preparation of the Report 337

APPENDIX VI. Notes on the Physical Condition of the Eskimos 343

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.

Page. The Chief of the Aivillingmiut _Frontispiece_ A Davis Strait Iceberg 1 _Neptune_ and _Era_, Fullerton harbour 4 Crew of the _Neptune_ in winter costume 6 Head of Nachvak bay, Labrador 8 Port Burwell at eastern entrance to Hudson strait 10 Blacklead island, Cumberland gulf 12 Kekerten harbour, Cumberland gulf 14 Walrus in Smith Sound 16 Fullerton harbour 18 Wreck camp, Chesterfield inlet 22 _Neptune_ in winter quarters 24 Southampton island 25 Snowhouses on ice near _Neptune_ 28 Hauling the winter water supply 30 Mr. Caldwell starting North 32 American Whaleboats in Roes Welcome 34 A Greenland Iceberg 35 Midnight in Smith sound 36 Ice off Cape Wolstenholme 40 Parker Snow bay, North Greenland 42 A Glacier of Bylot island 44 Cape Herschel, Ellesmere island 46 Franklin Monument at Beechey island 52 Provisions left for the _Gjoa_ at Port Leopold 54 Cliffs of Bylot island 58 Eskimo Encampment at Ponds inlet 60 Women’s Boat at Wakeham bay 64 South coast of North Devon island 71 At Beechey island 96 Frenchman Cove, Cyrus Field bay 112 Head of Cyrus Field bay, Baffin island 120 Shore of Cumberland gulf from Blacklead island 122 Kenipitu from Chesterfield inlet 130 Lower Encampment, Chesterfield inlet 131 Eskimos at Blacklead, Cumberland gulf 136 Aivillik Women at Fullerton 140 Snowhouses at Fullerton 142 Interior of Snowhouse at Fullerton 144 Loaded Sleds from Chesterfield inlet 146 A Small Team and a Heavy Load 148 Interior of Snowhouse at Fullerton 150 Eskimo kyak off Cape Haven 154 Summer Tents at Wakeham bay 158 At Ponds inlet 162 Aivillik Woman in gala dress 168 Nechillik Woman 170 Kenipitu Belles at Fullerton 176 Kenipitu Woman in winter dress 178 Upper Encampment, Chesterfield inlet 183 Contorted Gneiss and Granite at Fullerton 196 Cape Haven harbour 202 Scottish Whalers in Ponds inlet 210 Limestone Cliffs of North Devon island 220 Scottish Whaler _Eclipse_ 248 Crew of the American Whaler _Era_ 250 Bundles of whalebone on the _Era_ 260 Preparing for Spring Whaling 264 Whaleboats on the ice, in Roes Welcome 268 Scottish whaling station at Blacklead island 270 The Launch 283 Rafted Ice in Roes Welcome, June, 1904 290 Ice in Cumberland gulf, September, 1904 292

SHIP’S COMPANY.

SCIENTIFIC STAFF.

A. P. Low, Commander and Geologist. L. E. Borden, M.D., Surgeon and Botanist. G. B. Faribault, M.D., Assistant-Surgeon. A. Halkett, Naturalist. C. F. King, Topographer and Meteorologist. G. F. Caldwell, Photographer.

OFFICERS AND CREW.

S. W. Bartlett, Master. W. Babstock, Seaman. J. Hearn, First Mate. F. Kearny, ” M. Bartlett, Second Mate. W. Crossman, First Engineer. L. Guay, Third Mate. J. Crossman, Second Engineer. W. Aldred, Cook. S. Bruchett, Third Engineer. J. Harding, Second Cook. J. Killey, Fireman. H. Borgle, Steward. A. Romaine, ” D. Tierney, Second Steward. M. Baldwin, ” M. Ross, Purser. F. Froude, ” M. Ryan, Carpenter. G. Willis, ” C. King, Boatswain. J. Rousseau, Boy. J. Clark, Seaman. L. Deschesneau, ” J. Murphy, ” E. Bourque, ” C. Pomeroy, ” J. Gouin, ” F. Wells, ” F. O’Connell, ”

NORTH-WEST MOUNTED POLICE.

Major J. D. Moodie, Acting Commissioner. Staff Sergeant Dee. Constable Tremaine. ” Jarvis. ” Connelly. ” Donaldson.

H. Ford, who had served as Eskimo interpreter on the _Diana_ in 1896, was again engaged in that capacity, at Port Burwell, on the way north.

GEOLOGICAL MAP of the NORTHEASTERN PART of the DOMINION OF CANADA

To illustrate the Report on the Cruise of the D.G.S. Neptune ——to—— HUDSON BAY and the ARCTIC ISLANDS ——by—— A.P. LOW B.Sc. Officer in Command.

1905.

Scale: 50 statute miles to 1 inch = 1/3.168.000

10 5 0 10 50 100 150 200

_Projected on Oblique Secant Cylinder_

_Mean length of 1 degree of latitude = 69.337 stat.m._

C.-O. Senécal, B.A.Sc., _Geographer & Chief Draughtsman_