CHAPTER XIII.

CONCLUSION.

It will be seen in the preceding pages that it was the privilege of the writer to know Caldecott intimately before he had made a name, when his heart and hands were free, so to speak; when he was untrammelled by much sense of responsibility, or by the necessity of keeping up a reputation, and when every day, almost, recorded some new experiment or achievement in his art. Let it be stated here that not at that time, nor ever afterwards in the writer's hearing, was a word said against Caldecott. With a somewhat wide and exceptional experience of the personality of artists, it can be said with truth that Caldecott was "a man of whom all spoke well." His presence then, as in later years, seemed to dispel all jealousies, if they ever existed, and to scatter evil spirits if they ever approached him. No wonder--for was he not the very embodiment of sweetness, simple-mindedness, generosity, and honour?

From the sketch on page 1 of this book, made in the smoke of Manchester, to the "New Year's Greeting" on p. 203, the same happy, joyous spirit is evident; and so, to those who knew him, he remained to the end.

As this memoir has to do with Caldecott's earlier career, and particularly with his work in black and white, the artistic value of his illustrations in colour, especially in his _Picture Books_, can only be hinted at here.

_Caldecott's Picture Books_ are known all over the world; they have been widely discussed and criticised, and they form undoubtedly the best monument to his memory. But it may be found that some of the best work he ever did (the work least open to criticism) was in 1874 and 1875, before these books were begun; and that the material here collected will aid in forming a better estimate of Caldecott as an artist.

In March, 1883 there appeared a little oblong _Sketch Book_ with canvas cover, full of original and delightful illustrations, many in colour, engraved and printed by Edmund Evans. This book is not very widely known, but there are drawings in it of great personal interest, now that the artist's hand is still. The _Sketch Book_ suggests many thoughts and calls up many associations to those who knew him.

In 1883 he illustrated _Æsop's Fables_ with "Modern Instances" (referred to on page 94).

The kind of work that Caldecott liked best, and of which he would have been an artistic and delightful exponent had circumstances permitted, is indicated in the design at the head of the preface to this volume; it was drawn on brown paper, probably for a wood carving in relief, for the central panel of a mantelpiece. This sketch is selected from several designs of a similar kind.

In purely journalistic work, for which his powers seemed eminently fitted, he was never at home, his heart was not in it. Neither on _Punch_ nor on the _Graphic_ newspaper, would he have engaged to work regularly. He would do anything on an emergency to aid a friend--or a foe, if he had known one--but neither health nor inclination led him in that direction. And yet Caldecott, of all contemporary artists, owed his wide popularity to the wood engraver, to the maker of colour blocks, and to the printing press. No artist before him had such chances of dispersing facsimiles of daintily coloured illustrations over the world. All this must be considered when his place in the century of artists is written.

Mr. Clough touches a true note in the following (from the _Manchester Quarterly_):--

"If the art, tender and true as it is, be not of the highest, yet the artist is expressed in his work as perhaps few others have been. Nothing to be regretted--all of the clearest--an open-air, pure life--a clean soul. Wholesome as the England he loved so well. Manly, tolerant, and patient under suffering. None of the friends he made did he let go. No envy, malice, or uncharitableness spoiled him; no social flattery or fashionable success, made him forget those he had known in the early years."

Speaking generally of his friend Caldecott, whom he had known intimately in later years, Mr. Locker-Lampson (to whom we are indebted for the letters and sketches on pages 191, 192, and 199), writes:--

"It seems to me that Caldecott's art was of a quality that appears about once in a century. It had delightful characteristics most happily blended. He had a delicate fancy, and his humour was as racy as it was refined. He had a keen sense of beauty, and, to sum up all, he had _charm_. His old-world youths and maidens are perfect. The men are so simple and so manly, the maidens are so modest and so trustful: The latter remind one of the country girl in that quaint old ballad,

"'He stopt and gave my cheek a pat, He told a tender tale, Then stole a kiss, but what of that? 'Twas Willie of the Dale!'

"Poor Caldecott! His friends were much attached to him. He had feelings, and ideas, and manners, which made him welcome in any society; but alas, all was trammelled, not obscured, by deplorably bad health."

These two criticisms--both coming from friends of the artist, but from different points of view--are worth setting side by side in a memoir.

A correspondent, writing from Manchester, sends the following interesting letter respecting places sketched by Caldecott in Cheshire and Shropshire and afterwards used in the illustrations in his books.

"During occasional rambles in this and the neighbouring county of Chester, more especially in the neighbourhood of Whitchurch, I have been interested in the identification of some few of the original scenes pictured by Mr. Caldecott in his several published drawings. Thus:--

"Malpas Church, which occupies the summit of a gentle hill some six miles from Whitchurch, occurs frequently--as in a full page drawing in the _Graphic_ newspaper for Christmas, 1883; in _Babes in the Wood_, p. 19; in _Baby Bunting_, p. 20; and in _The Fox Jumps over the Parson's Gate_, p. 5.

"The main street of Whitchurch is fairly pictured in the _Great Panjandrum_, p. 6, whilst the old porch of the Blue Bell portrayed on p. 28 of _Old Christmas_ is identical with that of the Bell Inn at Lushingham, situated some two miles from Whitchurch on the way to Malpas.

"Besides these I recognise in the 'Old Stone-house, Lingborough Hall,' in _Lob Lie-by-the-Fire_, p. 5, an accurate line-for-line sketch of Barton Hall, an ancient moated mansion which until quite recently stood within the parish of Eccles, four miles from Manchester.

"Lastly, a comparison of the illustration on p. 95 of _Old Christmas_, with one in last year's volume of the _English Illustrated Magazine_, p. 466, shows that the picturesque nooks of Sussex, equally with those of Kent and Chester, yielded their quota to the busy pencil we know so well."

About the year 1879 Caldecott became acquainted with Mrs. Ewing, which led to his making many illustrations for her, such as the design for the cover of _Aunt Judy's Magazine_, and notably the illustrations to that "book of books" for boys, "_Jackanapes_," and to "_Daddy Darwin's Dovecot_," and others.

Miss Gatty, in her memoir of Mrs. Ewing, says:--

"My sister was in London in June, 1879, and then made the acquaintance of Mr. Caldecott, for whose illustrations she had unbounded admiration. This introduction led us to ask him (when _Jackanapes_ was still simmering in Julie's brain) if he would supply a coloured illustration for it. But as the tale was only written a very short time before it appeared, and as the illustration was wanted early and colours take long to print, Julie could not send the story to be read, but asked Caldecott to draw her a picture to fit one of the scenes in it. The one she suggested was a fair-haired boy on a red-haired pony, thinking of one of her own nephews, a skilful seven-year-old rider who was accustomed to follow the hounds."

Looking back, but a few months only, at the passing away of two such lives--the author of "_Jackanapes_" and the illustrator of the "_Picture Books_" (of whom it was well said lately, "they have gone to Heaven together")--the loss seems incalculable.

In the history of the century, the best and purest books and the brightest pages ever placed before children will be recorded between 1878 and 1885; and no words would seem more in touch with the lives and aims of these lamented artists than a concluding sentence in _Jackanapes_, that--their works are "a heritage of heroic example and noble obligation."

The grace and beauty, and wealth of imagination in Caldecott's work,--conspicuous to the end,--form a monument which few men in the history of illustrative art have raised for themselves.

* * * * *

Here may end fittingly the memoir of his earlier work. At a future time more may be written, and many delightful reminiscences recorded, of the years from the time of his marriage on the 18th March, 1880, to his lamented death at St. Augustine, in Florida, on the 12th February, 1886; when--in the sympathetic lines which appeared in _Punch_ on the 27th February, 1886:--

"All that flow of fun, and all That fount of charm found in his fancy, Are stopped! Yet will he hold us thrall By his fine art's sweet necromancy, Children and seniors many a year; For long 'twill be ere a new-comer, Fireside or nursery holdeth dear As him whose life ceased in its summer."

APPENDIX.

The following is a list of Caldecott's _Picture Books_ with the dates of publication. Besides the ordinary shilling books, several collected volumes of his _Pictures and Songs_, also Pictures collected from the _Graphic_ newspaper, have been issued by the same publishers.

Caldecott's Picture Books.

THE HOUSE THAT JACK BUILT } 1878 JOHN GILPIN }

ELEGY ON A MAD DOG } 1879 THE BABES IN THE WOOD }

THREE JOVIAL HUNTSMEN } 1880 SING A SONG OF SIXPENCE }

THE QUEEN OF HEARTS } 1881 THE FARMER'S BOY }

THE MILKMAID } 1882 HEY-DIDDLE-DIDDLE, THE } CAT AND THE FIDDLE; and } BABY BUNTING }

THE FOX JUMPS OVER THE } 1883 PARSON'S GATE } A FROG HE WOULD A-WOOING GO }

COME, LASSES AND LADS } 1884 RIDE A COCK HORSE TO BANBURY CROSS; } and A FARMER WENT TROTTING UPON } HIS GREY MARE }

MRS. MARY BLAIZE } 1885 THE GREAT PANJANDRUM HIMSELF }

PUBLISHED BY GEORGE ROUTLEDGE AND SONS, LONDON AND NEW YORK

Some of

Æsop's Fables.

With "Modern Instances."

Shown in designs by R. CALDECOTT.

LONDON: MACMILLAN AND CO. 1883.

_Price Seven Shillings and Sixpence._

A Sketch-Book,

by R. CALDECOTT.

Reproduced by EDMUND EVANS the Engraver and Printer.

LONDON: GEORGE ROUTLEDGE AND SONS,

LONDON AND NEW YORK. 1883.

_Price Three Shillings and Sixpence._

Breton Folk.

With One Hundred and Seventy Illustrations

by R. CALDECOTT.

LONDON: SAMPSON LOW, MARSTON, SEARLE, & RIVINGTON, CROWN BUILDINGS, 188, FLEET STREET.

1880.

_Price Ten Shillings and Sixpence._

* * * * *

FOOTNOTES:

[Footnote 1: The drawing, _A Debating Society_, was very well engraved on wood by J. D. Cooper, and appeared in _London Society_ in 1871, v. xx. p. 417; it is now reproduced on a larger scale by a mechanical process of photo-engraving. Experts in drawing for book illustration may be interested to compare results.]

[Footnote 2: In a private letter to the writer of this memoir, dated 2nd November, 1876, Caldecott says:--"Pen can never put down how much I owe, in many ways, to T. A."]

[Footnote 3: _The Harz Mountains, a Tour in the Toy Country_, by Henry Blackburn. London: Sampson Low and Co., 1872.]

[Footnote 4: This, and other similar sketches, caused amusement in some circles and offence in others, at Berlin, where it was stated erroneously that the artist had caricatured some well-known personages who came annually to Goslar to drink the waters, and an arrangement to publish a translation of the _Harz Mountains_ into German fell through in consequence.]

[Footnote 5: Amongst the young artists in the art department of _Harper's Magazine_ in 1873, was E. A. Abbey, the well-known illustrator of old English subjects; in later years a great friend and ally of Caldecott.]

[Footnote 6: The drawings in the _Daily Graphic_ in New York were all reproduced by photo-lithography, and printed at the lithographic press.]

[Footnote 7: It was more than once suggested to Caldecott to paint this scene. It would probably have been attempted had circumstances permitted.]

[Footnote 8: The medallion at the head of this letter was designed by Sir Frederick Burton and afterwards redrawn for the Arts Club by E. J. Poynter, R.A.]

[Footnote 9: _North Italian Folk_, by Mrs. Comyns Carr. London: Chatto and Windus, 1878.]

[Footnote 10: _Breton Folk_, by Henry Blackburn, with 170 illustrations by R. Caldecott. London: Sampson Low and Co., 1880.]

[Footnote 11: This letter was printed in the _Manchester City News_, 20 February, 1886.]

[Footnote 12: The portrait of Caldecott at the beginning of this volume, is from a photograph taken at Cannes in January, 1879.]

* * * * *

Transcriber's Notes

Some illustrations were moved from their original positions to avoid breaking up paragraphs of text. Made minor punctuation corrections and the following change:

Page 156: Deleted duplicate "in". (Orig: "'Poor old priest! What a shrew he has got in in his house,')