CHAPTER II

THE THEORY OF RAILROAD RATES

Analysis of railroad expenditures, 44.--Constant v. variable outlays, 45.--Fixed charges, 46.--Official grouping of expenses, 46.--Variable expenses in each group, 51.--Peculiarities of different roads and circumstances, 56.--Periodicity of expenditures, 61.--Joint cost, 67.--Separation of passenger and freight business, 68.