CHAPTER IX

SEPARATION OF RACES IN PUBLIC CONVEYANCES 207–236

Origin of “Jim Crow” 208

Development of Legislation Prior to 1875 208

Legislation Between 1865 and 1881 211

Separation of Passengers on Steamboats 214

Separation of Passengers in Railroad Cars 216

Interstate and Intrastate Travel 217

Sleeping Cars 219

Waiting-Rooms 220

Trains to which Laws do not Apply 221

Passengers to whom Law does not Apply 222

Nature of Accommodations 223

Means of Separation 224

Designation of Separation 225

Punishment for Violating Law 225

Separation of Postal Clerks 227

Separation of Passengers in Street Cars 227

Present Extent of Separation 228

Method of Separation 229

Enforcement of Laws 231

Exemptions 232