CHAPTER IX

[454] _News and Courier_, July 18, 1955, p. 6-A; Sept. 21, 1956, p. 15-A; Mar. 27, 1957, p. 10-A.

[455] _Morning News_, July 1, 1956, p. 4-A.

[456] _News and Courier_, June 30, 1956, p. 10-A.

[457] _Ibid._, June 17, 1955, p. 12-A.

[458] _Ibid._, Jan. 26, 1957, p. 1-B.

[459] _Ibid._, Jan. 30, 1956, p. 12.

[460] _Ibid._, Apr. 15, 1955, p. 12-A.

[461] _Ibid._, May 12, 1956, p. 1; July 3, 1954.

[462] _Ibid._, Nov. 20, 1954, p. 14.

[463] _State_, July 15, 1957, p. 4.

[464] _News and Courier_, Aug. 1, 1957, p. 8-A.

[465] _Ibid._, Aug. 27, 1957, p. 8-A.

[466] _State_, Aug. 20, 1957, p. 4-A.

[467] _News and Courier_, Dec. 13, 1954, p. 8-A; July 3, 1955, p. 14-A; May 8, 1955, p. 14-A.

[468] _Ibid._, Mar. 3, 1955, p. 14-A; Dec. 18, 1956, p. 10-A.

[469] _Ibid._, Jan. 30, 1956, p. 12.

[470] _Ibid._, Aug. 2, 1956, p. 12.

[471] _Ibid._, Sept. 24, 1957, p. 8-A.

[472] _State_, Oct. 2, 1957, p. 1.

[473] _News and Courier_, May 8, 1955, p. 14-A; Oct. 29, 1954, p. 4-A.

[474] _Ibid._, July 13, 1955, p. 10-A; Feb. 19, 1956, p. 4-A; _Independent_, Mar. 11, 1956, p. 4.

[475] _News and Courier_, July 6, 1955, p. 1.

[476] _Ibid._, July 23, 1955, p. 4-A.

[477] _Ibid._, Sept. 24, 1957, p. 10-A. Much to the disgust of many members of the faculty, the University of South Carolina awarded David Lawrence an honorary degree in June, 1957.

[478] _Ibid._, Feb. 1, 1957, p. 1-B.

[479] _Record_, Apr. 9, 1956, p. 1.

[480] _Independent_, Apr. 10, 1956, p. 1; Apr. 13, 1956, p. 4; _News and Courier_, Apr. 11, 1956, p. 10-A.

[481] _News and Courier_, Feb. 6, 1957, pp. 1, 15-A; Feb. 27, 1957, p. 1.

[482] _Ibid._, Feb. 27, 1957, p. 1; Feb. 15, 1957, p. 1.

[483] _Ibid._, Feb. 28, 1957, p. 6-A.

[484] See Walter F. Murphy, “Some Strange New Converts to the Cause of Civil Rights,” _Reporter_, (June 27, 1957), 13.

[485] Douglass Cater, “How the Senate Passed the Civil-Rights Bill,” _ibid._ (Sept. 5, 1957), 9.

[486] _State_, Aug. 12, 1957, p. 1-B; Aug. 24, 1957, p. I; _Independent_, Aug. 29, 1957, p. 1.

[487] _State_, Aug. 28, 1957, p. 1-B.

[488] _Ibid._, p. 1; Record, Aug. 28, 1957, p. 1.

[489] _Record_, Aug. 30, 1957, p. 1.

[490] _New York Times_, Aug. 31, 1957, p. 1; _State_, Aug. 30, 1957, p. 1; _Record_, Aug. 30, 1957, p. 1. Thurmond maintained that only purpose of the filibuster “was to arouse the American people.” He denied that he had broken any agreement with his fellow Southern senators. He contended that the caucus had agreed against an organized filibuster but permitted each individual Senator to “oppose the bill in his own way.” According to Thurmond, “Senator Russell said it would be up to each Senator as to how long he would talk, so a Senator was free to make a long speech if he chose to do so. I chose to make a long one and told Senator Russell in his office the following Wednesday that I was going to make a long speech face.... I spoke 24 hours and 20 minutes and do not think it was too long to talk against such a dangerous bill.” _State_, Sept. 5, 1957, p. 1-D. Senator Johnston, nettled by the filibuster of his colleague, sent out a circular letter to constituents which by indirection slapped hard at Thurmond. Without comment of his own, Johnston referred to the various criticisms of Thurmond’s action made by his Senatorial colleagues from the South.

[491] _Record_, Aug. 31, 1957, p. 1; _News and Courier_, Aug. 31, 1957, p. 1.

[492] _News and Courier_, Aug. 31, 1957, p. 8-A; _Morning News_, Aug. 31, 1957, p. 4; _State_, Aug. 30, 1957, p. 4-A.

[493] _Independent_, Aug. 31, 1957, p. 4.

[494] _Record_, Aug. 30, 1957, p. 3; _News and Courier_, Aug. 31, 1957, p. 1.

[495] _State_, Sept. 26, 1957, p. 4-A. The _Record_ entitled its editorial comment on President Eisenhower’s sending of troops to Little Rock: “General Eisenhower Succumbs to Hysteria,” Sept. 25, 1957, p. 4-A. “Governor Faubus chose to follow the course of ultimate legal resistance. He made it clear that he would exhaust all avenues of appeal to overturn the injunction,” commented the _Morning News_, Sept. 22, 1957, p. 4. The _Independent_ praised Governor Faubus for standing up to the pressure of Winthrop Rockefeller and other Arkansas businessmen who allegedly tried to get him to submit to integration without resistance and thus not discourage industrialists from investing in Arkansas. The _Independent_ termed them the “Don’t Rock-the-Boat-Crowd.” Sept. 17, 1957, p. 4; _ibid._, Sept. 25, 1957, p. 4. Of South Carolina newspapers only the weekly Cheraw _Chronicle_, which has been an editorial voice of moderation in the state, censured Faubus. “Whatever his motives, Governor Faubus must be curbed,” it asserted. Quoted in _News and Courier_, Sept. 23, 1957, p. 12.

[496] _Record_, Sept. 28, 1957, p. 1. State Senator James Hugh McFaddin of Clarendon County also resigned his commission in the U. S. Army Reserve. In a letter to President Eisenhower he wrote: “In good conscience I could not obey the orders now being issued by you to bayonet innocent people and to force school children to eat lunch with undesirables, when the lunch is paid for by their parents.” _Ibid._, Sept. 30, 1957, p. 1.

[497] _State_, Sept. 27, 1957, p. 1.

[498] _Ibid._, Sept. 25, 1957, p. 1-B. The _Washington Post and Times Herald_ editorially blasted Johnston for his remarks which it considered as seditious in character. Cited in _Record_, Sept. 27, 1957, p. 3-A.

[499] _State_, Sept. 27, 1957, p. 1.

[500] _Ibid._, Sept. 26, 1957, p. 1-B.

[501] _Ibid._, p. 1.

[502] _Ibid._, p. 1-B.

[503] _Ibid._, Oct. 7, 1957, p. 1-B.

[504] _News and Courier_, May 17, 1956, p. 1-B.

[505] _Independent_, Mar. 29, 1956, p. 4.

[506] _Ibid._, May 14, 1956, p. 4.

[507] _News and Courier_, Feb. 25, 1956, p. 8-A; _Independent_, Dec. 13, 1955, p. 8.

[508] _News and Courier_, Sept. 3, 1957, p. 10-A.

[509] _News and Courier_, Apr. 4, 1955, p. 12; July 1, 1956, p. 14-B; Mar. 8, 1955, p. 8-A.

[510] _Morning News_, Mar. 3, 1955, p. 8-A.

[511] _News and Courier_, Oct. 4, 1956, p. 1-B; Jan. 15, 1957, p. 1-B.

[512] _Ibid._, Jan. 16, 1957, p. 1-B.

[513] _Ibid._, Apr. 13, 1958, p. 10-B.