CHAPTER IV

[126] _News and Courier_, Sept. 21, 1956, p. 1-B.

[127] According to a _News and Courier_ reporter, Eldridge Thompson, Klan membership rocketed during 1956 and 1957. In addition to Bickley’s organization the other principal Klan groups are the Association of South Carolina Klans with headquarters in West Columbia and the National Ku Klux Klan of South Carolina which operates out of Greenville. _Ibid._, Oct. 27, 1957, p. 12-A.

[128] _Morning News_, Aug. 21, 1955, p. 1

[129] _Ibid._, June 12, 1955, p. 1.

[130] _Ibid._, Mar. 25, 1956, p. 1; July 29, 1956, p. 1.

[131] _News and Courier_, Aug. 20, 1956, p. 2.

[132] _Morning News_, July 29, 1956, p. 1.

[133] _State_, July 26, 1957, p. 2-D; Aug. 5, 1957, p. 5-A; Aug. 10, 1957, p. 1-B; Jan. 15, 1958, p. 1-B; Jan. 21, 1958, p. 1-B; Jan. 22, 1958, p. 1; _Record_, Aug. 3, 1957, p. 1; Aug. 9, 1957, p. 1; Jan. 15, 1958, p. 8-A; Jan. 22, 1958, p. 1; Jan. 23, 1958, p. 1.

[134] _Morning News_, July 1, 1956, p. 4-A; _Independent_, Jan. 27, 1956, p. 4; _News and Courier_, June 11, 1954, p. 4-A; June 17, 1954, p. 12-A.

[135] _Independent_, Feb. 3, 1956, p. 4.

[136] _Morning News_, Aug. 23, 1955, p. 1.

[137] _News and Courier_, Aug. 30, 1955, p. 8-A.

[138] _Ibid._, Aug. 1, 1957, p. 8-A.

[139] _Morning News_, July 16, 1954, p. 1.

[140] _Ibid._, July 21, 1954, p. 1; July 17, 1954, p. 4.

[141] _Ibid._, Aug. 6, 1954, p. 4; _News and Courier_, Oct. 8, 1954, p. 4-A.

[142] _Morning News_, Mar. 11, 1955, p. 1.

[143] _News and Courier_, Feb. 4, 1955, p. 11-A.

[144] _Morning News_, Mar. 22, 1955, p. 4; June 11, 1955, p. 1; Aug. 19, 1955, p. 4-A.

[145] _Ibid._, Aug. 12, 1955, p. 9-A; June 17, 1955, p. 1.

[146] _News and Courier_, July 8, 1955, p. 10-A.

[147] _Ibid._, Aug. 13, 1955, p. 8-A.

[147] _Ibid._, July 1, 1955, p. 14-A; Feb. 10, 1957, p. 13-A.

[149] _Ibid._, Sept. 9, 1955, p. 14-A.

[150] _Record_, Dec. 29, 1955, p. 1; _News and Courier_, Dec. 31, 1955, p. 6-A.

[151] _News and Courier_, May 26, 1955, p. 14-A; Mar. 18, 1956, p. 2-C; Oct. 4, 1955, p. 8-A.

[152] _Ibid._, Sept. 15, 1955, p. 1; Sept. 16, 1955, p. 1; Sept. 17, 1955, p. 1.

[153] S. C. Senate _Journal_ (1956), pp. 248-249.

[154] _Morning News_, Feb. 11, 1956, p. 7.

[155] _News and Courier_, Sept. 23, 1955, p. 10-A.

[156] _Record_, Sept. 6, 1955, p. 1.

[157] _News and Courier_, July 1, 1956, p. 14-C. By this date there were councils in the counties of Aiken, Allendale, Bamberg, Beaufort, Calhoun (2), Charleston (6), Clarendon (3), Darlington (4), Dorchester (2), Fairfield, Florence (7), Georgetown, Jasper, Kershaw, Lee (2), Lexington, Orangeburg (9), Richland (2), Spartanburg, Sumter and Williamsburg (7).

[158] By February 1957 there were 58 local councils in South Carolina. By this time leadership in the state organization had changed. Thomas D. Keels of Sumter was state chairman, Dr. W. M. Croswell of Timmonsville, vice-chairman and H. L. Bowling of Elloree, treasurer. _News and Courier_, Jan. 18, 1957, p. 1-B; Feb. 15, 1957, p. 10-A.

[159] _Ibid._, July 1, 1956, p. 14-C.

[160] _Ibid._, Feb. 24, 1957, p. 2-A.

[161] _Ibid._, Mar. 4, 1957, p. 12.

[162] _Morning News_, Aug. 30, 1955, p. 1.

[163] _News and Courier_, July 1, 1956, p. 14-C; Jan. 9, 1956, p. 12.

[164] _Ibid._, May 6, 1956, p. 1.

[165] _Ibid._, May 27, 1956, p. 14-A.

[166] _Record_, Jan. 27, 1956, p. 1. Another indication of the support given the Council was the resolution unanimously adopted by the state legislature commending the formation of the Councils and offering the legislators’ “approval and encouragement” to the movement.

[167] _News and Courier_, Aug. 31, 1955, p. 10-A; Oct. 6, 1955, p. 6-A.

[168] _Morning News_, Aug. 16, 1955, p. 12.

[169] _Ibid._, Aug. 28, 1955, p. 1.

[170] _Record_, Feb. 11, 1956, p. 1.

[171] _News and Courier_, Oct. 10, 1955, p. 1.

[172] _Morning News_, Aug. 17, 1955, p. 12; Aug. 21, 1955, p. 3-A.

[173] This summary of the Orangeburg boycott was taken largely from Edward Gamarekian, “The Ugly Battle of Orangeburg,” _Reporter_, XVI (Jan. 24, 1957), 32-34, and an article written by W. D. Workman, Jr., in the _News and Courier_, Dec. 3, 1955, p. 1-E; see also _Record_, Apr. 13, 1956, p. 2-A.

[174] Gamarekian, _loc. cit._, pp. 32-34.

[175] _Morning News_, Jan. 25, 1956, p. 7; S. C. House _Journal_ (1956), p. 101.

[176] _Record_, Mar. 26, 1956, p. 1.

[177] _Ibid._, Apr. 7, 1956, p. 1.

[178] _Morning News_, July 18, 1956, p. 6.

[179] Gamarekian, _loc. cit._, pp. 32-34.

[180] _Record_, Aug. 25, 1955, p. 4-A.

[181] _News and Courier_, Aug. 31, 1955, p. 10-A.

[182] _Ibid._, Aug. 24, 1955, p. 10-A.