Part 3

Length to anus 62 Length of tail 92 Snout to ear 15 Shielded part of head 14 Width of head 13 Fore limb 26 Hind limb 46 Base of fifth to end of fourth toe 18 Fifth toe 10

Only one specimen of this _Uta_ was secured.

=2. Gerrhonotus scincicauda ignavus= subsp. nov.

PLATE VII, FIGS. 1-2.

_Diagnosis._--Similar to _G. scincicauda_ but with scales generally more strongly carinate; temporal scales keeled; dorsal and caudal scales strongly keeled; scales of arm and forearm keeled; lower lateral caudals keeled; dorsals in 14 (sometimes 12-2/2) longitudinal rows; dark lines along the middles of ventral rows; azygous prefrontal large; interoccipital single; back usually with complete dark cross-bands.

_Type._--Cal. Acad. Sci. No. 4699, San Martin Island, Lower California, Mexico, R. H. Beck, May 3, 1903.

_Description._--Body long and rather slender, with short limbs and very long tail; head pointed with flat top and nearly vertical sides, its temporal regions often greatly swollen in old specimens; rostral plate rounded in upper outline; on top of head behind rostral a pair of small internasals, a pair of small frontonasals, a very large azygous prefrontal, a pair of large prefrontals, a long frontal, a pair of frontoparietals, 2 parietals separated by an interparietal, a pair of occipitals, and an interoccipital; 2 series (of 5 and 3) supraoculars and a series of small superciliaries; temporal scales keeled, lower sometimes only weakly; upper labials much larger than lower; 2 series of large sublabial plates below infralabials, lower larger; gular scales smooth and imbricate; scales on arm and forearm keeled; scales on upper surfaces and sides of neck, body and tail large, rhomboidal, slightly oblique, strongly keeled, strengthened with bony plates, and arranged in both transverse and longitudinal series; number of longitudinal dorsal series 12-2/2-14; number of transverse series between interoccipital plate and backs of thighs 42-43; a band of granules along each side from large ear-opening to anus, usually hidden by a strong fold; ventral plates about size of dorsals, smooth, imbricate and arranged in 12 longitudinal series; number of scales between symphyseal plate and anus 60-63.

The ground color above is olive-brown, more grayish on the sides, crossed by from 9-11 dark bands. These dark bands may be brown or brownish black, continuous or broken, and are darker laterally, where their scales are tipped with white. Tail proximally marked like back, distally unicolor. Head and limbs unicolor or with traces of olive-brown mottlings. Lower surfaces suffused with gray, edges of scales lighter, darker gray or slate-colored lines along the middle of each longitudinal scale row.

Length to anus 103 110 117[8] Length of tail 167 128[2] 125[9] Snout to ear 21 25 26 Width of head 14 19 20 Head to interoccipital 17 20 21 Fore limb 27 30 33 Hind limb 34 38 41 Base of fifth to end of fourth toe 11 12 13

[Footnote 8: Type.]

[Footnote 9: Reproduced.]

The three specimens of _Gerrhonotus_ from San Martin Island are very similar to the species now known as _G. scincicauda_, but are much rougher than specimens from central and northern California. Reëxamination of the Californian material at hand shows that the San Martin Island form is found throughout the San Diegan Fauna and the western slope of the southern Sierra Nevada below the range of _G. palmeri_. It may be distinguished from its more northern relative by the following synopsis of characters:--

a.--Temporals smooth; scales on arm smooth; scales on forearm smooth or weakly keeled; lateral caudals five scales behind anus smooth 6-9 rows from inferior mid-caudal line. =G. scincicauda.=

a.^{2}--Temporals keeled; scales on arm keeled; scales on forearm keeled; lateral caudals 5 scales behind anus smooth only 4-5 rows from inferior mid-caudal line. =G. s. ignavus.=

=3. Pituophis catenifer= (_Blainville_).

_Pituophis sayi bellona_ STREETS, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus. no. 7, 1877, p. 40; YARROW, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus. no. 24, 1882, p. 106; COPE, Report, U. S. Nat. Mus. 1898 (1900), p. 876.

_Pituophis catenifer deserticola_ VAN DENBURGH, Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci. 2d ser. v. 5, 1895, P. 149.

A young gopher snake taken on San Martin Island by Dr. Streets is still in the National Museum. The Academy has an adult specimen (No. 4702) collected there by Mr. Beck, May 3, 1903.

SAN BENITO ISLAND.

I know of no records of reptiles from San Benito. The Academy has received specimens of but one kind of lizard, which is here described as new.

=1. Uta stellata= sp. nov.

PLATE VIII.

_Diagnosis._--Similar to _U. stansburiana_, but with dorsal scales not imbricate, not mucronate, often separated by minute granules, a few of the dorsal rows weakly keeled; caudals weakly keeled and very shortly mucronate, not imbricate; fifth toe not reaching end of second.

_Type._--Adult male, Cal. Acad. Sci. No. 4704, San Benito Island, Lower California, Mexico, R. H. Beck, May 6, 1903.

_Description._--Body and head considerably depressed; snout low, rounded and rather long; nostrils large, opening upward and outward nearer to end of snout than to orbit; head plates large, smooth, nearly flat, interparietal largest; frontal divided transversely; 4 or 5 enlarged supraoculars, separated from the frontals by 1 and from the frontoparietals by 2 series of granules; superciliaries long, narrow and projecting; central subocular very long, narrow and strongly keeled; rostral and supralabials long and low; 6 or 7 supralabials; symphyseal moderately small, followed by 2 or 3 pairs of larger plates separated from the infralabials by 1 or 2 series of moderately enlarged sublabials; gular region covered with small, smooth, hexagonal or rounded scales which change gradually to granules on sides of neck and to larger imbricate scales on the strong gular fold, largest on denticulate edge of gular fold where somewhat larger than ventrals; several enlarged plates in front of ear-opening; ear denticulation short, of 3 scales, the largest not exceeding in length diameter of largest plate in front of ear; back covered with tubercular scales of nearly uniform size becoming granular toward neck and sides of body, scales of central rows very weakly keeled, not imbricate, not mucronate, often separated by minute granules; scales largest on tail, very weakly keeled, shortly mucronate above and on sides, not imbricate; posterior surfaces of thighs and arms covered with small granular scales similar to those on sides of body; other surfaces of limbs provided with imbricate scales, smooth on arm and nearly smooth on forearm and thigh, keeled on upper surface of leg; femoral pores 15 and 16; 26-30 largest dorsals equal shielded part of head; fifth finger not reaching end of second; fifth toe not reaching end of second; adpressed fore limb not reaching insertion of thigh.

Head above uniform olive-brown; central portion of the neck, back and base of tail with a uniform brown ground with thickly scattered dots of pale blue on single scales; sides yellowish brown with scattered scales of pale yellow; upper surfaces of limbs and tail light brown dotted with pale blue; chin and gular region deep indigo with yellowish marks laterally and on labials; lower surfaces of body and limbs grayish indigo; large postaxillary blotch of blackish indigo.

_Female._--Similar in all respects except femoral pores 13 and 15; light dots on back, limbs and tail indistinct; 2 rows of dark brown dorsal blotches becoming 1 row on tail; an indistinct series of brown lateral blotches; limbs with faint brown cross-bars.

Sex ♀ ♂ (type) Length to anus 49 61 Length of tail 59 76 Snout to ear 11 14 Shielded part of head 11 13 Width of head 10 12 Fore limb 22 26 Hind limb 37 43 Base of fifth to end of fourth toe 15 18

Two specimens of this lizard were secured.

CERROS ISLAND.

One amphibian and seven reptiles have been recorded from Cerros or Cedros Island. I have no specimens from this island.

=1. Hyla regilla= _Baird & Girard_.

_Hyla regilla_ STREETS, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus. no. 7, 1877, p. 35; YARROW, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus. no. 24, 1882, p. 171; COPE, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus. no. 34, 1889, p. 360; VAN DENBURGH, Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci. 2d ser. v. 5, 1895, p. 556.

_Hyla curla_ BELDING, West Am. Scientist, v. 3, no. 24, 1887, p. 99.

Found by Dr. Streets near a spring of fresh water on the southeastern side of the island. It was also taken by Mr. Belding.

=2. Uta stansburiana= _Baird & Girard_.

_Uta stansburiana_ STREETS, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus. no. 7, 1877, p. 37; YARROW, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus. no. 24, 1882, p. 57; BELDING, West Am. Scientist, v. 3, no. 24, 1887, p. 98; VAN DENBURGH, Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci. 2d ser. v. 5, 1895, p. 105; COPE, Report, U. S. Nat. Mus. 1898 (1900), p. 310.

This _Uta_ was collected by Dr. Streets and Mr. Belding.

=3. Sceloporus zosteromus= _Cope_.

_Sceloporus clarki clarki_ BELDING, West Am. Scientist, v. 3, no. 24, 1887, p. 99.

_Sceloporus zosteromus_ VAN DENBURGH, Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci. 2d ser. v. 5, 1895, p. 110; BOULENGER, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1897, p. 498; MOCQUARD, Nouv. Arch. Mus. sér. 4, v. 1, 1899, p. 314.

This lizard has been taken only by Mr. Belding.

=4. Phrynosoma cerroense= _Stejneger_.

_Phrynosoma hernandezi_ BELDING, West Am. Scientist, v. 3, 1887, p. 99.

_Phrynosoma cerroense_ STEJNEGER, N. Am. Fauna, no. 7, 1893, p. 187; VAN DENBURGH, Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci. 2d ser. v. 5, 1895, p. 119; COPE, Report, U. S. Nat. Mus. 1898 (1900), p. 428, fig. 75.

This form is known from a single specimen collected by Mr. Belding.

=5. Verticaria hyperythra beldingi= (_Stejneger_).

_Verticaria beldingi_ STEJNEGER Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1894, p. 17.

_Verticaria hyperythra beldingi_ VAN DENBURGH, Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci. 2d ser. v. 5, 1895, p. 131.

Cerros Island is the type locality of this form.

=6. Cnemidophorus multiscutatus= (_Cope_).

_Cnemidophorus tessellatus multiscutatus_ COPE, Trans. Am. Philos. Soc. v. 17, art. 3, 1892, p. 38; COPE, Report, U. S. Nat. Mus. 1898 (1900), p. 586.

_Cnemidophorus multiscutatus_ VAN DENBURGH, Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci. 2d ser. v. 5, 1895, p. 126.

Professor Cope described this form from specimens secured on Cerros Island.

=7. Cnemidophorus labialis= _Stejneger_.

_Cnemidophorus labialis_ STEJNEGER, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1889, p. 643; COPE, Trans. Am. Philos. Soc. v. 17, art. 3, 1892, p. 51; VAN DENBURGH, Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci. 2d ser. v. 5, 1895, p. 128; COPE, Report, U. S. Nat. Mus. 1898 (1900), p. 610.

Cerros Island is the type locality of this species also. Five specimens were collected by Mr. Belding.

=8. Crotalus exsul= _Garman_.

_Crotalus exsul_ GARMAN, Mem. Mus. Compar. Zool. Camb. v. 8, no. 3, 1883, pp. 114, 174; GARMAN, Bull. Essex Inst. v. 16, no. 1, 1884, p. 35; VAN DENBURGH, Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci. 2d ser. v. 5, 1895, p. 157.

Under this name Garman has described from two specimens a small rattlesnake from Cerros Island. It seems very closely related to _C. atrox_.

NATIVIDAD ISLAND.

I have seen only one lizard from this island.

=1. Uta stansburiana= _Baird & Girard_.

A single specimen (Cal. Acad. Sci. No. 4705) of this _Uta_ was secured on Natividad by Mr. R. H. Beck, May 9, 1903.

MAGDALENA ISLAND.

I have elsewhere recorded six species of lizards from this island. It is necessary only to mention them here. The specimens are in the collection of the Academy.

=1. Dipsosaurus dorsalis= _Baird & Girard_.

_Dipsosaurus dorsalis_ VAN DENBURGH, Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci. 2d ser. v. 5, 1895, p. 93.

One was secured by Mr. Bryant in March, 1889.

=2. Crotaphytus wislizenii= _Baird & Girard_.

_Crotaphytus copeii?_ VAN DENBURGH, Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci. 2d ser. v. 5, 1895, p. 95.

Upon reëxamination, I am unable to separate two specimens from Magdalena Island from the common form of this lizard.

=3. Uta nigricauda= _Cope_.

_Uta nigricauda_ VAN DENBURGH, Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci. 2d ser. v. 5, 1895, p. 108.

Mr. Bryant secured a number of these lizards on Magdalena Island in 1888 and 1889.

=4. Sceloporus zosteromus= _Cope_.

_Sceloporus zosteromus_ VAN DENBURGH, Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci. 2d ser. v. 5, 1895, p. 110; BOULENGER, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1897, p. 499; MOCQUARD, Nouv. Arch. Mus. sér. 4, 1899, P. 314; COPE, Report, U. S. Nat. Mus. 1898 (1900), p. 358.

The Academy has eight examples of this lizard taken on Magdalena by Mr. Bryant in February and March, 1889.

=5. Verticaria hyperythra beldingi= (_Stejneger_).

_Verticaria hyperythra beldingi_ VAN DENBURGH, Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci. 2d ser. v. 5, 1895, p. 132.

Three specimens were collected by Mr. Bryant in March, 1889.

=6. Cnemidophorus rubidus= (_Cope_).

_Cnemidophorus rubidus_ VAN DENBURGH, Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci. 2d ser. v. 5, 1895, p. 127.

A lizard of this species was taken on Magdalena Island in March, 1889, by Mr. W. E. Bryant.

SANTA MARGARITA ISLAND.

Five reptiles are known from this island. I have not seen specimens of the _Bascanion_ and cannot judge of its distinctness.

=1. Callisaurus ventralis= (_Hallowell_).

_Callisaurus ventralis_ VAN DENBURGH, Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci. 2d ser. v. 5, 1895, p. 98.

A female of this species, taken on Santa Margarita by Mr. Bryant, March 5, 1889, is in the collection of the Academy.

=2. Sceloporus zosteromus= _Cope_.

_Sceloporus zosteromus_ VAN DENBURGH, Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci. 2d ser. v. 5, 1895, p. 110; BOULENGER, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1897, p. 499; MOCQUARD, Nouv. Arch. Mus. sér. 4, 1899, p. 314; COPE, Report, U. S. Nat. Mus. 1898 (1900), p. 358.

Two examples were secured by Mr. Bryant on Santa Margarita, March 1, 1889.

=3. Cnemidophorus rubidus= _Cope_.

_Cnemidophorus tessellatus rubidus_ COPE, Trans. Am. Philos. Soc. 1892, p. 36, pl. XII, fig. F; COPE, Report, U. S. Nat. Mus. 1898 (1900), p. 584, fig. 110.

_Cnemidophorus rubidus_ VAN DENBURGH, Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci. 2d ser. v. 5, 1895, p. 127.

Santa Margarita Island is the type locality of this species, which was described from seven specimens brought back by the _Albatross_.

=4. Bascanion laterale fuliginosum= (_Cope_).

_Bascanion laterale_ COPE, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. v. 12, 1889, p. 147.

_Zamenis lateralis fuliginosus_ COPE, Am. Nat. v. 29, 1895, p. 679; COPE, Report, U. S. Nat. Mus. 1898 (1900), p. 809, fig. 178.

This snake was described from two specimens taken by the naturalists of the _Albatross_. I have seen none.

=5. Crotalus mitchellii= _Cope_.

_Crotalus mitchellii_ VAN DENBURGH, Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci. 2d ser. v. 5, 1895, p. 160; COPE, Report, U. S. Nat. Mus. 1898 (1900), p. 1196.

A single rattlesnake of this species, taken by Mr. W. E. Bryant in February, 1889, is the only record for this island.

SOCORRO ISLAND.

The following lizard is the only reptile known from this island.

=1. Uta auriculata= _Cope_.

_Uta auriculata_ COPE, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. v. 14, 1871, p. 303; BOULENGER, Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus. v. 2, 1885, p. 214; COPE, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus. no. 32, 1887, p. 35; TOWNSEND, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. v. 13, 1890, p. 143; COPE, Report, U. S. Nat. Mus. 1898 (1900), p. 300.

This _Uta_ was first described by Cope in 1871 from material collected by Grayson. Townsend secured nine specimens which are now in the National Museum. The California Academy of Sciences has seventeen, taken by its expedition to the Revilla Gigedo Islands in 1903.

CLARION ISLAND.

Although smaller than Socorro and farther from the mainland, Clarion Island is better supplied with reptiles than its larger neighbor, since it possesses a snake as well as a _Uta_, while Socorro has only a _Uta_.

=1. Uta clarionensis= _Townsend_.

_Uta clarionensis_ TOWNSEND, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. v. 13, 1890, p. 143; STEJNEGER, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. v. 23, 1901, p. 715.

This lizard was first collected by Mr. C. H. Townsend who described it from five specimens. Mr. A. W. Anthony also secured it, in 1897, and sent specimens to the National Museum. The Academy has three taken by Mr. Beck.

=2. Bascanion anthonyi= _Stejneger_.

_Bascanion anthonyi_ STEJNEGER, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. v. 23, 1901, p. 715.

Dr. Stejneger described this snake from thirteen specimens sent to the National Museum by Mr. Anthony. The Academy has eight examples of the species. The scale-rows are seventeen in all these specimens, while the gastrosteges vary from one hundred and eighty-seven to one hundred and ninety-six and the urosteges from ninety-three to one hundred and seven.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE II.

_Autodax lugubris farallonensis_ subsp. nov.

_Type_, Cal. Acad. Sci. no. 3731, South Farallon Island, California, Charles Fuchs, February 8, 1899.

Fig. 1. General view, natural size. Fig. 2. Head from above, × 2. Fig. 3. Head from below, × 2. Fig. 4. Head from side, × 2. Fig. 5. Mouth, × 2½ Fig. 6. Hind limb, × 2. Fig. 7. Fore limb, × 2.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE III.

_Batrachoseps pacificus_ Cope.

Cal. Acad. Sci. no. 4601, San Miguel Island, California, R. H. Beck, March 23, 1903.

Fig. 1. General view, natural size. Fig. 2. Head and neck from above, × 3. Fig. 3. Head and neck from below, × 3. Fig. 4. Head and neck from side, × 3. Fig. 5. Mouth, × 3½. Fig. 6. Fore limb, × 3½. Fig. 7. Hind limb, × 3½.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE IV.

_Sceloporus becki_ sp. nov.

_Type_, Adult male, Cal. Acad. Sci. no. 4537, San Miguel Island, California, R. H. Beck, March 26, 1903.

Fig. 1. General view, natural size. Fig. 2. Head from below, × 2½. Fig. 3. Head from above, × 2½. Fig. 4. Head from side, × 2½.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE V.

_Xantusia riversiana_ Cope.

Fig. 1. Cal. Acad. Sci. no. 3571, San Clemente Island, California. General view, × ⅔.

Fig. 2. Cal. Acad. Sci. no. 6613, San Nicolas Island, California, Joseph Grinnell, May 22, 1897. Natural size.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE VI.

_Uta martinensis_ sp. nov.

_Type_, Cal. Acad. Sci. no. 4698, San Martin Island, Lower California, Mexico, R. H. Beck, May 3, 1903.

Fig. 1. General view, natural size. Fig. 2. Head from above, × 2½. Fig. 3. Head from side, × 2½. Fig. 4. Scales of back, × 3. Fig. 5. Hind limb, × 1¾.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE VII.

_Gerrhonotus scincicauda ignavus_ subsp. nov.

_Type_, Cal. Acad. Sci. no. 4699, San Martin Island, Lower California, Mexico, R. H. Beck, May 3, 1903.

Fig. 1. Head from side, natural size. Fig. 2. Base of tail from side, natural size.

_Gerrhonotus scincicauda_ (_Skilton_).

Cal. Acad. Sci. no. 3897, Santa Rosa Island, California, Gustav Eisen, June 1897.

Fig. 3. Head from side, natural size. Fig. 4. Base of tail from side, natural size.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE VIII.

_Uta stellata_ sp. nov.

_Type_, Adult male, Cal. Acad. Sci. no. 4704, San Benito Island, Lower California, Mexico, R. H. Beck, May 6, 1903.

Fig. 1. General view, natural size. Fig. 2. Head from side, × 3. Fig. 3. Head from above, × 3. Fig. 4. Scales of back, × 3. Fig. 5. Scales of central part of back, much enlarged. Fig. 6. Hind limb, × 1¾.

PROCEEDINGS

OF THE

CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES

THIRD SERIES

ZOOLOGY VOL. IV, NO. 2

_Issued December 2, 1905_

THE SPECIES OF THE REPTILIAN GENUS ANNIELLA, WITH ESPECIAL REFERENCE TO ANNIELLA TEXANA AND TO VARIATION IN ANNIELLA NIGRA

BY JOHN VAN DENBURGH

_Curator of the Department of Herpetology_

The genus _Anniella_ was established by J. E. Gray[10], in 1852, to contain a single species which he named _Anniella pulchra_ and described in the following terms:

"Silvery (in spirits); upper part with very narrow brown zigzag lines placed on the margin of the series of scales, the line down the center of the back and two or three on the upper part of the sides being thicker and nearly half the width of the scales.

_Hab._ California, _J. O. Goodridge, Esq., Surgeon R. N._"

This species has since been more completely described by Bocourt,[11] Boulenger,[12] Cope,[13] and Van Denburgh.[14]

[Footnote 10: Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. 2d ser. v. 10, 1852, p. 440.]

[Footnote 11: Miss. Sci. au Mex. Recherches zool. 3d pt. p. 460.]

[Footnote 12: Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus. v. 2, 1885, p. 299.]

[Footnote 13: Report, U. S. Nat. Mus. 1898 (1900), p. 674.]

[Footnote 14: Occas. Papers, Cal. Acad. Sci. 5, 1897, p. 116.]

In 1885 Fischer[15] described under the name _Anniella nigra_ a specimen said to have been collected at San Diego, California. This, he stated, differed from _Anniella pulchra_ in the following characters:

1. Twenty-eight longitudinal rows of scales.

2. The three median preanal scales twice as long as those preceding.

3. Tail one-third total length.

4. Color above black.

[Footnote 15: Abh. Nat. Verein Hamburg, v. 9, Hft. 1, 1885, p. 9.]

I have elsewhere[16] stated that the number of scale rows in _Anniella pulchra_ varies from twenty-four to thirty-four. The preanal scales in both the dark and light forms may be small, moderately enlarged, or twice the length of those preceding. The tail of _A. pulchra_ may equal or exceed one-third of the total length of the animal. I have been unable to discover any differences in the squamation of dark and light specimens; and since the recognition of _A. nigra_ as distinct from _A. pulchra_ must rest solely upon the difference in pigmentation, one is tempted to inquire whether this is not merely an instance of melanism. Upon this subject I shall have more to say, but I wish first to consider certain peculiarities of squamation which have been held to distinguish another species.

[Footnote 16: Occas. Papers, Cal. Acad. Sci. 5, 1897, pp. 116, 118.]