Part 10

Davis, Hon. Jefferson, 122, 138, 139, 152.

Dead-lines, about, 131.

De la Baume, the Marquis, star witness against Wirz, 137.

Delano, Philemon, 119.

Delaplane (Piedmont), 117, 118.

Departure of prisoners, 84, 89.

Detectives and spies, 58.

Diary, in Old Capitol, 19. At Camp Parole, 98. Itinerary from Parole Camp to Upperville, 108. Extracts from diary of Wirz, 147.

Doster, Colonel (provost-marshal), 32.

Duff Green’s Row--(see Carroll Prison).

Dula, Lowring, 119.

“Dutchy,” 29.

E

Early, General Jubal A., comments on Gen. Order No. 209, 125.

Efforts of Confederate authorities to relieve prisoners, 123. To effect exchange, 124-6-7, 130.

Elk Licking Creek, 107.

Ennis, Mrs., the prisoners’ friend, 29.

Eorio, Peter, 61, 77, 78, 119.

Escapes from Old Capitol, Adreon and Captain Darling, 52. Captain Wynne, 46. Federal prisoners, 75. Plans laid but defeated, 52.

Ewell, James, 79, 119.

Examination, provost-marshal, 20. And search entering prison, 22. By Colonel Buell, 85, 86. By Colonel Wood, 72. By Captain Parker, 39, 42.

Exchange of prisoners, Ould’s letter to Hitchcock, 123. Letter to _National Intelligencer_, 124. Report of Gen. Seymour, 126. U. S. authorities did not want, 125. Gen. Butler’s efforts frustrated, 126. Southern authorities anxious for, 126. Extracts from report Confederate Congress, 127-8-9, 130.

Execution by Gen. McNeil, 65, 66. Of Wirz, 142, 143.

F

Fairfax Court House raid, 115. Gen. Stoughton’s telegraph operator tells of his capture, 154, 155, 156. Sergeant Ames (Big Yankee), 156.

Federal soldiers, prisoners for insubordination and deserters, 73.

Fifth New York Cavalry, what the chaplain said of Fairfax Court House raid, 156.

Fire, alarm in Old Capitol, 70, 71.

First Maryland Regiment, 14.

Fitzgerald, Edward, 119.

Flag-of-truce boat, steamer _State of Maine_, 90.

Flaherty, John, 63, 119.

Flaherty, Peter, 63, 119.

Fleggenheimer mourns the loss of his goods, 64.

Food, at Old Capitol, poor in quality and insufficient in quantity, 22, 26-7-8. Providing our own rations, 27-8. Rations at Camp Parole, 98-9, 103.

Ford, Miss Antonia, 87, 115.

Ford, Miss Belle, 115.

Ford, John, 119.

Fortress Monroe, 90, 91.

Fox, Lieut. Frank, at Parole Camp, 99, 102, 108, 110. Lieut. Co. C, Mosby’s Men, 108. Wounded and died, 108.

“Fresh fish,” 46.

Front Royal, 115, 116.

Fullerton, James, 30, 56, 57.

G

Gardner, ---- (blockade runner), 52, 119.

General orders No. 209, refusal to recognize paroles, 124. Gen. Pope’s order licensing soldiers to plunder citizens, 45.

George, ---- (blockade runner), 52, 119.

Goldsmith, John M., 60, 119.

Goose Creek, crossing under difficulties, 117, 118.

Gordonsville, 109.

Graves, Matt., 110, 111.

Green, ---- (from Missouri), 119.

Guard house at Old Capitol, 59, 78, 79.

Gunnell House, Fairfax Court House, 155.

H

Hagan, ----, 119.

Hammett, George (blockade runner), 38, 52, 119.

Haskins, ---- (from South Carolina), 67, 73. Died of smallpox, 73.

_Henry Burden_, U. S. steamer, 97.

Hero, a young, 65.

Hertzog, ----, 119.

Higgins, Captain, 57.

Highland, ----, prison guard at Old Capitol, 87. Very kind to prisoners, 87.

Hoffman, Mr., 115.

Holbrook, Thomas, an old schoolmate, 79. A valuable addition to our mess, 79, 80. To room No. 10, 86, 89, 119.

Hollenbaugh, William T., 119.

Hospital, 54.

Hostages, John B. Hunter, for Stiles, 32. George S. Ayre, for Steers, 45.

Howe, Henry, my accuser, 40, 42. Arrested in Richmond on charges, 40, 41.

How we passed the time, 47, 48.

Hoyle, George, 85, 89, 119.

Humston, Thomas, 66.

Hunter, John B., 32, 119. No charge, but hostage for Stiles the guide, 60.

Hurst, Thomas, 31, 75, 119.

Hutson, Herbert, 66.

I

Imboden, Gen. John D., letter of, 134. Not allowed to testify at trial of Wirz, 135.

Itinerary of journey from Parole Camp to Upperville, 108, 118.

J

James River, steaming up the, 94-5.

Jamestown, first settlement, 94.

Jenkins, ----, 119.

“John Morgan’s orderly,” 67.

Johnson, James, robbed and imprisoned, 43, 119.

Johnson’s Island, prisoners tell of hardships and sufferings, 100-1. Shooting prisoners, 101.

K

Keleher, John, 78, 85, 89, 119.

Kerfoot, James F., 44, 98, 119.

Kerney, Martin J., my old school-master, 79. My schoolmates, 79.

Keys, J., 119.

King, Aaron J., 38, 119.

L

Lackey, ----, 119.

Ladies passing prison arrested and detained, 32, 38, 87.

Lair, Marion, 66.

Lake, Eleazer, 66.

Landstreet, Rev. Mr. (Confederate chaplain), 34.

Lee, Philip, 102, 108, 118, 119.

Lee, Thomas, gets his share of beans, 102, 103. Mentioned, 108, 118, 119.

Letters all have to go through provost-marshal’s office, 30-1. Ould to Hitchcock, 123. To _National Intelligencer_, 124. Gen. J. D. Imboden, 134. To Wirz, from his wife, 144. Wirz’s last to his wife and children, 145. Rev. Father Boyle, 139, 140.

Lewis, Aaron, 79, 119.

“Lights out” (taps), 55. We install our own lighting plant, 56.

Lindsay, ----, of Washington, leaves Parole Camp to join Co. K, Tenth Louisiana Regt., 105.

List of prisoners in Room 16, 119-121.

Littlepage, William T., 85, 89, 119.

Long, Reuben, 113.

Louisiana troops, 15.

Love, Henry, arrested, imprisoned, property taken or destroyed and no charge against him, 42, 78, 119.

Love, Llewellyn, 119.

Ludlow, Colonel, U. S. Commissioner of exchange, 97.

Luray, 114.

M

McNeil, Gen. John, his brutal execution of ten Confederate prisoners, 66.

McPheeters, John Y., 66.

MacWooster, takes us to Criglersville, 110. Gives us good advice, 110.

Madison Court House, 110.

Manassas Gap railroad, along the old road on foot, 117.

Marchland, Judge, 119.

Marini, ----, witness in Wirz case, 137.

Martin, ----, 119.

Maryland, my native State, 12. First Maryland Regiment, 14. Marylanders in Richmond, 14.

Mess room in Old Capitol, 22, 26, 54.

Milani’s Gap in Blue Ridge, 111.

Mills, J., 102, 104.

Mills, William M., 102, 104.

Minor, Fairfax, 50, 119. Won’t take chances where only one man is killed, 63.

Missouri State Militia, 66.

Mitchell, Captain, 75, 119.

Mitchell, Lieut. Hugh, 119.

Model Farm Barracks, 98, 108.

Montgomery, ----, 119.

Monument at Andersonville, 152.

Moore, ----, death of, 31.

Mosby, Col. John S., my first meeting with, 118.

Mount, Stephen R., 53, 119.

Mules at Manassas, 69. Dr. Green and his mules, 70.

Mulford, Captain John E., 95, 97.

Mustered into Confederate service, 105.

N

Names of prisoners in room 16, 119.

Nelson, Lieut. Joseph H., 154.

New Jersey Regiment, Tenth, prison guard at Old Capitol, 35.

Newport News, 91.

New York Regiment, Third, Co. K, guard on truce boat, 91.

O

Oath, copy of iron-clad, 23. At Old Capitol prisoners take it and say it is not binding, 62. “The Oath”--parody on Hamlet’s soliloquy, 62.

O’Brien, Edward H., 82, 119.

Oeser, Felix (see De la Baume).

Off for Dixie, 89.

Old Capitol Prison, description and history, 20, 22, 24-5. Escape of prisoners, 52. My first night, 25. Old men, women and children, 80. Overcrowded, 39 in room 16, bunks for 21 only, 68, 69. Prisoners in close confinement, 42. Room No. 10, 86, 87. Rooms 14 to 18, 25, 42, 69, 84. Room 16, 24, 26, 28, 30. Shooting of prisoners, 35, 37.

Old age no exception or exemption, 80.

Ould, Robert, Confederate agent of exchange, 97. Letter to Federal agent, 123. To _National Intelligencer_, 124. Called as a witness for Wirz, but not allowed to testify, 136.

P

Parker, Captain, 38, 42, 56.

Parole granted me to visit sick child, 56. Frank Thornton, 68. Captain Phillips and Wood, 59. General order No. 209, refusing to recognize, 124. Gen. Early comments on same, 125.

Parole Camp, location of, 98. A ration of flour and quarter of pound of bacon to each man, 102. Life at Model Farm Barracks, 98. Overcrowded, vermin, 105. Prisoners from Camp Chase, Camp Douglas and Johnson’s Island tell of their treatment, 100. Reports (official) verify their statements, 101. To Upperville, 108. We get a good feed of beans, 102.

Passers-by arrested and brought in, 26, 27, 32, 33. Ladies and children not exempt, 27, 32, 38, 76, 87.

Pentz, John, 64, 68, 119.

Perry, William McK., 107, 119.

Petersburg in spring of 1863, 97, 98, 100, 103, 104.

Phillips, Captain Thomas, captured off North Carolina coast, 46, 119. Released, 59, 78. Sentenced to three months’ imprisonment, goods confiscated, 46.

Phillips, Captain Wesley, 75, 119.

Pope, Gen. John, order licensing his soldiers to plunder citizens, 45.

Porter, Col. James, 65.

Potomac River, going down on flag-of-truce boat, 90.

Powhatan House, Richmond, 108, 109.

Prison guard, Tenth New Jersey, 35. At Camps Chase and Douglas, 100, 101. Brutal and inhuman, 100, 101. Shooting of prisoners, 36-7. Threats to shoot, 35.

Prison life in Old Capitol, 19. Daily routine, 54. How we passed the time, 29, 48, 50. My first night in prison, 25. Rations, recreations and rules--(see Old Capitol Prison).

Prison yard, description of, 54-5. Filthy condition, 55, 85. Meeting place for friends and comrades, 29.

Prisoners (see Treatment of). Arrested, imprisoned and no charge against, 42-3, 60, 85. Arrested, robbed and confined without trial, 42, 58, 84. Conditions North and South, 11. Ill-treatment and injustice, 42, 58. In close confinement, 42. Locked up and forgotten, 59. March from prison to boat, 89. Off for Dixie, 84. Union soldiers, deserters and other offenses, 73.

Private mess in room 16, 26, 28, 30.

Provost-marshal’s office, 19, 58. All letters must go through and take chance of delivery, 57. Arrested on information and accuser unknown, 58. Spies and detectives, 58.

Punishment for trifling offenses, 63, 69, 76.

Purcell, Volney, 85, 119.

R

Rainbow, John, witness in Wirz case, 137.

Randolph, ----, 53, 119.

Ratcliffe, Charles, 108, 114, 118.

Rations at Old Capitol, 22-6-7-8, 30. At Camp Chase, 100. At Camp Douglas, 104. At Johnson’s Island, 100. At Parole Camp, 98, 99. On steamer _State of Maine_, 90-5.

Recreations and amusements, 26, 29.

Reilly, ----, 119.

Report of committee of Confederate Congress, 127-130. Committee Sanitary commission, 128. Gen. Seymour, 126. No. 67, 127. No. 209, refusal to recognize paroles, 124.

Rhoades, Rev. R. M., 66.

Richardson, George, 104, 119.

Richmond at outbreak of war, 14. Gala days in, 14. Hard times in, 16. In 1863, 108. Mayor Joseph Mayo, 40. Parole Camp to, 108. “Who wants to go to,” 88.

Rinaldi, Raphael, 61, 77, 119.

Ritchie & Dunnavant, 16, 49, 72.

Robbing prisoners, George S. Ayre, 44-5. Redmond F. Brawner, 43. James Johnson, 43. James F. Kerfoot, 44. Henry Love, 42. Captain Thomas Phillips, 45. Provost-marshal, 44.

Robertson River, along the, 110, 111.

Roll-call, 55, 81.

Room No. 10, close and ill-ventilated, 87.

Rooms Nos. 13, 14, 15, 18 and 19, 25, 42, 69, 84.

Room No. 16, description of, 24-6. Formerly old senate chamber, 24. Our mess, 26-8, 30. Prisoners in, 119-121. Prisoners sent South, 84.

Running the blockade, with my wife and children, 17. Wilmington, port most frequently used, 47.

Russell, ----, 79, 119.

Russell, Major G. B., 142.

S

Schade, Louis, 132.

Sea-gulls, 92.

Seal, Mr., hotel, Madison Court House, 110.

Seymour, Gen., report, 126.

“Sheepskins,” outrages by, 65.

Shenandoah River, along the, 116.

Sherman, Captain, 104.

Shooting prisoners, Gen. John McNeil, 66. Harry Stewart, 36-7. Threats to shoot, 35, 37. Jesse Wharton, 36.

Short, ----, 119.

“Sick call,” 54, 82.

Sidner, Captain Thomas A., 66.

Signal stations on James River, 95-6.

Simmons, Albert, 85, 88, 119.

Sinks, very offensive, 55.

“Slim Jim,” 29.

Smallpox, changed from room to room, 84.

Smith, Hiram, 66.

Smith, John C., 119.

Smith, Lieut., 104.

Songs and singing, 48-9, 50. “All prisoners confined in Capitol jail,” 48. Belle Boyd, 50-1. Order prohibiting, 53.

Spence, William A., 121.

Spies and detectives, 29, 30. Spy system and its injustice, 58.

Stant, James, 78, 119.

Stewart, Harry, killed by guard, 36-7.

_State of Maine_, flag-of-truce boat, 90. Rations, 90. Staterooms, 90, 94.

Stone’s Landing, on Potomac, 17.

Storm, R. B., 119.

Stormy traveling through mountain and valley, 111-115.

Stoughton, Brig.-Gen., war-time telegrapher tells of his capture, 154-5.

Sunday in Old Capitol, 34, 51.

Supper call, 28, 55.

Sutler, no competition and no cut rates, 28.

T

Tansell, James, 119.

Taylor, George, 119.

Taylor, John W., 119.

Taylor, James, 78, 119.

Taylor, Samuel, 119.

Thackery, Lieut., 78.

Thornton, Frank, 68, 79, 119.

Thornton, William, 119.

Treatment of prisoners, at Andersonville, (see Wirz). Camps Chase and Douglas, 100-4. Johnson’s Island, 100-1. Efforts of Confederate authorities to relieve suffering, 123. In Old Capitol, 73. Gen. order No. 209, 124. Ould’s letter to Hitchcock, 123. Report of Confederate Congress, 127-130. Report of Gen. Seymour, 126. Statements of Confederate prisoners as to cruel treatment verified by official reports, 101. U. S. authorities aware of sufferings, but did not want exchange, 125-6.

U

Unfortunate in matrimonial ventures, 60.

Uniforms, plain instead of showy, 15.

Upperville, from Parole Camp, 118.

V

Varner, Ambrose, 114.

Vermin, in Old Capitol, 67-8. At Parole Camp, 105-6.

Vindication of the South, 129-30.

_Virginia_ (_Merrimac_), iron-clad, 91. Blown up off Craney Island, 92.

Visitors at Old Capitol, 30-1. My wife rudely treated, 74.

Vivandieres, pretty on parade, 15.

W

Wade, John M., 65-6.

Ward, Charles, 119.

Ward, Walter W., 119.

Weiler, Emanuel, 38, 119.

Weitbrec, R. F., telegraph operator, tells of capture, 154-5.

Wessells and Seymour, Gens., 126.

Western prisoners, at Old Capitol, 64, 75. A brave young hero, 65. At Fortress Monroe, 90. At Johnson’s Island, 100-1. At Parole Camp corroborate accounts given at Old Capitol, 100. Gen. John McNeil’s brutal massacre, 65-6. Ill-treatment, sickness and great mortality among, 100-105. 150 brought from St. Louis, 75. Outrages and bitter feeling in the West, 64-7.

Westmoreland Court House, 17.

Westover on the James, 95.

Wharton, Jesse W., killed, 36, 132.

Whelan, Rev. Father, called as witness, not allowed to testify, 136.

Whiskey, how obtained, 53, 80. Charlie, our friendly contraband, 53. Guards ready for consideration, 53. Defeats escape planned, 52-3. Chew Carter gets more than his share, 81. He also finds it in hospital, 82-3.

“Who wants to go to Dixie,” 80, 88.

Wiget, S. J., Rev. B. F., attended Wirz with Father Boyle, 132, 142-3.

Williams, Augustus, arrested and imprisoned four times, 104, 119. Familiarly greeted by Wood, 37. His son, 12 years old, and two daughters imprisoned three months, 104.

Williams, W. F., 119.

Williamson, James J., early life, 11. Arrest and imprisoned in Old Capitol, 19. At outbreak of war, 12. At Parole Camp, 98. At provost-marshal’s office, 58. Examined by Col. Buell, 85-6. Examined by Captain Parker, 38, 42. Examined by Col. Wood, 72-3. Granted parole to see sick child, 56. In railroad wreck, 14. In Richmond, 15, 40, 108-9. Leave sick-bed to go South, 13. Off for Dixie, 88. Meet old schoolmate in prison, 79. Regularly mustered into Confederate service, 105.

Wilmington, N. C., port most frequently used in running the blockade, 46-7.

Winder, Major Richard B., letter regarding offer to pardon Wirz, 139. Wirz’s farewell, 141.

Wirz, Major Henry, after close of war arrested and imprisoned, 135. Brief sketch of, 133. Charged with conspiracy, but no other punished, 138. Charges and specifications, 138. Extracts from his diary, 147-51. Father Whelan, 136. Father B. F. Wiget, S. J., 142-3. Gen. Imboden, 135. Good-bye to Winder, 141. Hired witnesses swear his life away, 137. Last letter to his wife and children, 145-6. Letter from his wife, 144. Letter of Gen. Imboden, 134. Letter of Rev. Father Boyle, 139, 140. Letter of Robert Ould, 136. Letter of Major Winder, 139. Letters in official records show efforts to relieve prisoners, 134. Marini, a witness, 136. Marquis De la Baume, 137. Monument at Andersonville, 152. Night before execution, 141. Not responsible for sufferings at Andersonville, 125, 130. Promoted to captaincy for bravery on battlefield, 133. Promoted to rank of major, 133. Rainbow, John, a witness, 137. Rev. Father Boyle, 135, 139-40-1-2. Rejects proposal to purchase pardon by perjury, 139, 140. Scene at the scaffold, 142-3. Schade, Louis, 132. Tried by military commission, 135. U. S. authorities refuse to give up body for burial, 135. Witnesses not allowed to testify in his behalf, 135-6.

Wood, Col. William P., supt. Old Capitol Prison, 38. Biographical sketch, 33-4. Gospel according to Abe Lincoln and Jeff. Davis, 34. Gus Williams, 37.

Wrecks of _Congress_ and _Cumberland_, 91-2.

Wrenn, Lieut. Albert, 99, 104-8-13-14.

Wright, J., 90-4, 119.

Wynne, Captain, escaped from Old Capitol, 46.

FOOTNOTES:

[A] THE OATH

_District of Columbia_, } _County of Washington_ }

I, .........................., of ................... do solemnly swear on the Holy Evangelist of Almighty God, without any mental reservation, that I will at any and all times hereafter, and under all circumstances, yield a hearty and willing support to the Constitution of the United States and to the Government thereof; that I will not, either directly or indirectly, take up arms against said Government, nor aid those now in arms against it; that I will not pass without the lines now established by the Army of the United States, or hereafter from time to time to be established by said Army, nor hold any correspondence whatever with any person or persons beyond said lines so established by said Army of the United States during the present rebellion, without permission from the Secretary of War; also, that I will do no act hostile or injurious to the Union of the States; that I will give no aid, comfort or assistance to the enemies of the Government, either domestic or foreign; that I will defend the flag of the United States and the armies fighting under it from insult and injury, if in my power so to do; and that I will in all things deport myself as a good and loyal citizen.

Subscribed and sworn to before me, this ........ day of ....................

........................

[B] Colonel William P. Wood was born in Alexandria, Va., on the 11th of March, 1820, and died at the Soldiers’ Home, Washington, D. C., March 20, 1903.

He was a veteran of the Mexican and Civil Wars, and one of the survivors of the Walker filibustering expedition to Nicaragua. When the Mexican War broke out he enlisted in the mounted rifles under Sam. H. Walker, the noted Texan Ranger. After serving out his term, he returned to Washington and married a Maryland lady.

When Stanton became Secretary of War he appointed Wood to be Superintendent of the Military Prisons of the District of Columbia, and concentrated the “State” prisoners and all others in the Old Capitol, to which was afterward added the Carroll Prison (Duff Green’s Row).

Wood was the first Chief of the United States Secret Service when it became part of the Treasury Department.

At the time of his death a bill was before Congress to pay him $15,000 for his services in the famous Brockway case. Wood captured the author and secured the plate of this noted 7.30 Bond counterfeit. The work on this bond was so well executed that it passed as genuine until Jay Cooke & Co. forwarded $84,000 to the United States Treasury for redemption.

[C] When General Pope was placed in command of the Army of Virginia, he issued a General Order to his soldiers which virtually gave them unbridled license to plunder and destroy, by depriving the citizens of the section of country through which they were passing of even the trifling amount of protection afforded by safeguards, as may be seen by the copy of the Order here shown:

HEADQUARTERS, ARMY OF VIRGINIA } Washington, July 25th. }

_General Orders No. 13._--Hereafter no guards will be placed over private houses or private property of any description whatever. Commanding officers are responsible for the conduct of the troops under their command, and the articles of war and the regulations of the army provide ample means for restraining them to the full extent required for discipline and efficiency. Soldiers were called into the field to do battle against the enemy, and it is not expected that their force and energy shall be wasted in protecting private property of those most hostile to the government. No soldier serving in this army shall be hereafter employed on such service.

BY COMMAND OF MAJOR-GEN. POPE, (Signed), Geo. D. Ruggles, _Col. A. A. G. and Chief of Staff_.

[D] Belle Boyd had a most remarkable career. Her life story, with the account of her daring exploits, is more like romance than reality. She was born in Martinsburg, Va., in May, 1843, and was little more than a school girl when the war broke out. Her father, John Read Boyd, was an officer in the Confederate army. The act which first brought her into notice was the shooting by her of a Federal soldier who assailed her mother--she seized her father’s pistol and shot him dead. She then threw all her energy into the struggle. On information furnished by her, Stonewall Jackson drove Banks out of the Shenandoah Valley, for which service Jackson sent a special dispatch thanking her. Her daring led to her capture and imprisonment in the Old Capitol for three months. She was then exchanged for Colonel Corcoran, of the 69th New York Regiment. She went South, was commissioned as Captain in the Confederate army, and served as courier and in the Secret Service.

After the battle of Gettysburg she went home, was arrested and sent to Carroll Prison, Washington, D. C., where she was confined for seven months, and sentenced to be shot, but through the efforts of influential parties she was exchanged for General Nathan Goff, of West Virginia. She afterward sailed from Wilmington, N. C., in the steamer _Greyhound_, with important dispatches for England, but after a chase the steamer was captured by the Federal cruiser _Connecticut_, and Belle was brought back, court-martialed in Boston, and again sentenced to be shot. Her sentence was afterward commuted, and she was escorted to the Canadian border by a deputy marshal, with the understanding that if she ever returned to the United States she would be put to death.

She died in Kilbourn, Wis., in June, 1890.

Superintendent Wood, of the Old Capitol Prison, is reported as saying of her: “Her face was not what would be called pretty--her features indicated firmness and daring, but her figure was perfect, and a splendid specimen of feminine health and vigor. She was a good talker, very persuasive, and the most persistent and enthusiastic Rebel who ever came under my charge. Her father sent her, from time to time, large sums of money, most of which was expended for the comfort of the Confederate prisoners in the Old Capitol.”