CHAPTER XV.

ART CHRONICLINGS. Imitative Skill—Archaic European Art—Conventional Ornamentation—Imitative Design—Analogies in Rites and Customs—Altar Records—Smelting the Ores—Wisconsin Prairie Lands—The Race of the Mounds—Mound Carvings—Portrait Sculptures—American Iconography—Deductions—Non-Indian Type—Other Examples—Antique Iconographic Art—Peculiar Imitative Skill—Animals represented—Extensive Geographical Relations—Knowledge of Tropical Fauna—Deductions—The Toucan and Manatee—Traces of Migration—Assumed Indications—Analogous Sculptures—Peruvian Imitative Skill—Carved Stone Mortars—Nicotian Religious Rites—Indian Legends—The Red Pipe-stone Quarry—The Leaping Rock—Mandan Traditions—Sioux Legend of the Peace Pipe—The Sacred Coca Plant—Knisteneaux Legend of the Deluge—Indications of Former Migrations—Favourite Material—Pwahguneka—Chimpseyan Customs—Chimpseyan Art—Babcen Carving—The Medicine Pipe-stem—Indian Expiatory Sacrifices—Nicotian Rites of Divination, 355

I L L U S T R A T I O N S

FIG. Portrait of Kaskatachyuh, A CHIMPSEYAH CHIEF. 1. Flint-Knife, Grinell Leads, 2. Lewiston Flint Implement, 3. Flint Disc, Kent’s Cavern, 4. Brixham Cave Flint Implement, 5. Lanceolate Flint, Flint Ridge, Ohio, 6. Almond-shaped Flint, Flint Ridge, Ohio, 7. Leaf-shaped Flint, Sharon Valley, Ohio, 8. Flint Implement, Licking County, Ohio, 9. Flint Hoe, Kentucky, 10. Flint Spear-head, Indiana, 11. Flint Awl, Mayville, Kentucky, 12. Flint Drill, Cincinnati, 13. Stone Drill, Cincinnati, 14. Flint-Knife, Cincinnati, 15. Flint Razor, Kentucky, 16. 17.Flint Scrapers, Ohio, 18. Foliated Arrow-head, 19. Lasso Stone, Kentucky, 20. Cupped-stone, Ohio, 21. Cupped Boulder, Tronton, Ohio, 22. Bone Spatula, Keiss, 23. Bone Comb, Burghar, 24. Bone Comb, Burghar, 25. Whale’s Vertebra Cup, 26. to 30. Fish-spears and Harpoons, 31. Harpoon, Kent’s Cavern, 32. Bone Spear-head, Dordogne Caves, 33. Fuegian Harpoon, 34. Fish-spear, Kent’s Cavern, 35. Fish-spear with bilateral barbs, La Madelaine, 36. Fish-spear with unilateral barbs, La Madelaine, 37. Carved Baton, or Mace, Dordogne Caves, 38. The Mammoth, engraved on ivory, La Madelaine, 39. Scottish Stone Bracer, 40. Hunter’s Tally, Deer’s-horn, Cro-Magnon, 41. Skull of Old Man of Cro-Magnon—Profile, 42. Skull of Old Man of Cro-Magnon—Front View, 43. Skull of Old Man of Cro-Magnon—Vertical View, 44. Tawatin Ivory Carving of Whale, 45. Tawatin Ivory Carving, 46. Hog’s Tooth Chisel, Concise, 47. British Bone Implements, 48. Carib Shell-Knives, 49. Tennessee Idol, 50. Clyde Stone Axe, 51. Clalam Stone Adze, 52. Grangemouth Skull, 53. Texas Stone Axe, hafted, 54. Texas Flint Implement, 55. Chisel and deer’s-horn socket, Concise, 56. Stone Knife, Concise, 57. South Pacific Stone Implements, 58. Stone Adze, New Caledonia, 59. Fijian Pottery, 60. Honduras serrated Flint Implement, 61. Honduras State Halberd, flint, 62. Honduras Flint Implement, 63. Miners’ Shovels, Lake Superior, 64. Miners’ Stone Mauls, 65. Ontonagon Copper Implement, 66. 67. Brockville Copper Dagger and Gouge, 68. Brockville Copper Spear, 69. Terra-cotta Mask, 70. Newark Earthworks, Ohio, 71. Cincinnati Tablet, 72. Stone Pipe, Elliot Mound, Ohio, 73. Lake Washington Disk, 74. Mask, Mexican Calendar Stone, 75. Ticul Hieroglyphic Vase, 76. Peruvian Web, 77. Portrait Mound Pipe, full face, 78. Portrait Mound Pipe, profile, 79. Portrait Mound Pipe, 80. Manatee, Pipe-Sculpture, 81. Toucan, Pipe-Sculpture, 82. Peruvian Black Ware, 83. Peruvian Stone Mortars, 84. Chippewa Pipe, 85. Babeen Pipe, 86. Babeen Pipe-Sculpture.