Part 8

But in spite of all these precautions I find so much prejudice against extracted honey, growing out of the ignorance of the public with regard to this sweet, ignorance equaled only by the ignorance in regard to bees themselves, that the sale of such honey has been very slow; so slow that while my comb honey is reduced at this date to about 150 pounds, I have several ten-gallon kegs of pure white honey still on hand.

Especially is there a prejudice against candied honey, though that is an absolute test of purity, and it can be readily liquified, as Mrs. H. says, without injury. When I say that it is an absolute test of purity I mean that all honey that candies evenly is pure, though some of the best honey I have ever had never candied at all. In one case I knew the honey to candy in the combs of a new swarm early in autumn; but some seasons, particularly very dry ones, it will hardly candy at all. This difference seems to be due to the varying proportion of natural glucose, which will crystallize, and levulose, or mellose, which will not crystallize. Manufactured glucose will not crystallize; and some of our largest honey merchants, even the Thurbers, of New York, have mixed artificial glucose with honey to avoid loss by the ignorant prejudice of the public.

WM. CAMM., MORGAN CO., ILL.

South'n Wisconsin Bee-keepers' Ass'n.

The bee-keepers met in Janesville, Wis., on the 4th inst., and organized a permanent society, to be known as the Southern Wisconsin Bee-keepers' Association. The following named persons were elected officers for the ensuing year: President, C. O. Shannon; Vice-President, Levi Fatzinger; Secretary, J. T. Pomeroy; Treasurer, W. S. Squire.

The regular sessions of the association will be held on the first Tuesday of March in each year. Special meetings will also be held, the time of which will be determined at previous meeting.

The object of the association is to promote scientific bee-culture, and form a bond of union among bee-keepers. Any person may become a member by signing the constitution, and paying a fee of fifty cents. The next meeting will be held at the Pember house, Janesville, on the first Tuesday in May at 10 o'clock A. M. All bee-keepers are cordially invited to attend. The Secretary, of Edgerton, Rock Co., Wis., will conduct the correspondence of the association.

* * * * *

Blue Stem Spring Wheat!!

The best variety of Prairie Wheat known. Yields largely and is less liable to blight than any other variety.

Also celebrated Judson Oats for sale in small lots.

Samples, statement of yield and prices sent free upon application to

SAMPSON & FRENCH, Woodstock, Pipestone Co., Minn., or Storm Lake, Iowa.

MAPS.

RAND, McNALLY & CO.'S NEW RAILROAD --AND-- COUNTY MAP --OF THE-- UNITED STATES --AND-- DOMINION OF CANADA.

Size, 4x2-1/2 feet, mounted on rollers to hang on the wall. This is an ENTIRELY NEW MAP, Constructed from the most recent and authentic sources.

--IT SHOWS-- _ALL THE RAILROADS_, --AND-- Every County and Principal Town --IN THE-- UNITED STATES AND CANADA.

A useful Map In every one's home, and place of business. Price, $2.00.

Agents wanted, to whom liberal inducements will be given. Address

RAND, McNALLY & CO., Chicago, Ill.

By arrangements with the publishers of this Map we are enabled to make the following liberal offer: To each person who will remit us $2.25 we will send copy of THE PRAIRIE FARMER one Year and THIS MAP POST-PAID. Address

PRAIRIE FARMER PUBLISHING CO., CHICAGO. ILL.

PUBLICATIONS.

MARSHALL M. KIRKMAN'S BOOKS ON RAILROAD TOPICS.

DO YOU WANT TO BECOME A RAILROAD MAN

If You Do, the Books Described Below Point the Way.

The most promising field for men of talent and ambition at the present day is the railroad service. The pay is large in many instances, while the service is continuous and honorable. Most of our railroad men began life on the farm. Of this class is the author of the accompanying books descriptive of railway operations, who has been connected continuously with railroads as a subordinate and officer for 27 years. He was brought up on a farm, and began railroading as a lad at $7 per month. He has written a number of standard books on various topics connected with the organization, construction, management and policy of railroads. These books are of interest not only to railroad men but to the general reader as well. They are indispensable to the student. They present every phase of railroad life, and are written in an easy and simple style that both interests and instructs. The books are as follows:

"RAILWAY EXPENDITURES THEIR EXTENT, OBJECT AND ECONOMY."-A Practical Treatise on Construction and Operation. In Two Volumes, 850 pages $4.00

"HAND BOOK OF RAILWAY EXPENDITURES."--Practical Directions for Keeping the Expenditure Accounts 2.00

"RAILWAY REVENUE AND ITS COLLECTION."--And Explaining the Organization of Railroads 2.50

"THE BAGGAGE, PARCEL AND MAIL TRAFFIC OF RAILROADS."--An interesting work on this important service; 425 pages 2.00

"TRAIN AND STATION SERVICE."--Giving The Principal Rules and Regulations governing Trains; 280 pages 2.00

"THE TRACK ACCOUNTS OF RAILROADS."--And how they should be kept. Pamphlet 1.00

"THE FREIGHT TRAFFIC WAY-BILL."--Its Uses Illustrated and Described. Pamphlet 50

"MUTUAL GUARANTEE."--A Treatise on Mutual Suretyship. Pamphlet 50

Any of the above books will be sent post-paid on receipt of price, by

PRAIRIE FARMER PUBLISHING CO., 150 Monroe St. CHICAGO, ILL.

Money should be remitted by express, or by draft check or post office order.

YOU can secure a nice RUBBER GOSSAMER CIRCULAR, or a nice decorated CHAMBER SET, or a nice imported GOLD BAND, or MOSS ROSE TEA SET, or a nice WHITE GRANITE DINNER SET FREE, in exchange for a few hours' time among your friends, getting up a little club order for our choice TEAS, COFFEES, Etc., at much lower prices than stores sell them. We are the cheapest Tea House east of San Francisco. A GUARANTEE given to each Club member. TESTIMONIALS and full particulars for getting up Clubs FREE. Write at once to the old reliable SAN FRANCISCO TEA CO., 1445 State St., CHICAGO. Mention this paper.--A reliable firm--_Editor_.

CORN, GRASS, AND FRUIT FARMS BY ANDREWS & BABCOCK, HUMBOLDT, KAN. Money Loaned netting investors 7 per cent. Write us.

Silk Culture.

Osage for Silk-Worms.

In a private letter to the editor of THE PRAIRIE FARMER Dr. L. S. Pennington, of Whiteside County, Illinois, says: "Many thanks for your instructive articles on Silk Culture. Could the many miles of Osage orange found in this State be utilized for this purpose, the industry would give employment to thousands of dependent women and children, by which means they could make themselves, at least in part, self-supporting. I hope that you will continue to publish and instruct your many readers on this subject."

Anent this subject we find the following by Prof. C. V. Riley in a late issue of the American Naturalist:

"There is a strong disposition on the part of those who look for making money by the propagation and sale of mulberry trees, to underrate the use of Osage orange as silk-worm food. We have thoroughly demonstrated, by the most careful tests, on several occasions, that when Maclura aurantiaca is properly used for this purpose, the resulting silk loses nothing in quantity or quality, and we have now a strain of Sericaria mori that has been fed upon the plant for twelve consecutive years without deterioration. There has been, perhaps, a slight loss of color which, if anything, must be looked upon as an advantage. It is more than likely, how ever, that the different races will differ in their adaptability to the Maclura, and that for the first year the sudden transition to Maclura from Morus, upon which the worms have been fed for centuries, may result in some depreciation. Mr. Virion des Lauriers, at the silk farm at Genito, has completed some experiments on the relative value of the two plants, which he details in the opening number of the Silk-Grower's Guide and Manufacturer's Gazette. Four varieties of worms were reared. The race known as the "Var" was fed throughout on mulberry leaves. The "Pyrenean" and "Cevennes" worms were fed throughout on leaves and branches of Osage orange, while the "Milanese" worms were fed on Maclura up to the second molt and then changed to mulberry leaves. At the close examples of each variety of cocoons were sent to the Secretary of the Silk Board at Lyons, and appraised by him The Maclura-fed cocoons were rated at 85 cents per pound, those raised partly on Osage and partly on mulberry at 95 cents per pound, and those fed entirely on mulberry at $1.11 per pound.

"This, Mr. des Lauriers thinks, seems to show that the difference between Maclura and Morus as silk-worm food is some 'twenty-five to thirty per cent in favor of the latter, while it is evident that the leaf of the Osage orange can be used with some advantage during the first two ages of the worms, thus allowing the mulberry tree to grow more leafy for feeding during the last three ages.' The experiment, although interesting, is not conclusive, from the simple fact that different races were used in the different tests and not the same races, so that the result may have been due, to a certain extent, to race and not to food."

SCIENTIFIC AND USEFUL.

A writer in an English medical journal declares that the raising of the head of the bed, by placing under each leg a block of the thickness of two bricks, is an effective remedy for cramps. Patients who have suffered at night, crying aloud with pain, have found this plan to afford immediate, certain, and permanent relief.

California stands fifth in the list of States in the manufacture of salt, and is the only State in the Union where the distillation of salt from sea water is carried on to any considerable extent. This industry has increased rapidly during the last twenty years. The production has risen from 44,000 bushels in 1860 to upwards of 880,000 bushels in 1883.

The amount of attention given to purely technical education in Saxony is shown by the fact that there are now in that kingdom the following schools: A technical high school in Dresden, a technical State institute at Chemnitz, and art schools in Dresden and Leipzig, also four builders' schools, two for the manufacture of toys, six for shipbuilders, three for basket weavers, and fourteen for lace making. Besides these there are the following trade schools supported by different trades, foundations, endowments, and districts: Two for decorative painting, one for watchmakers, one for sheet metal workers, three for musical instrument makers, one for druggists (not pharmacy), twenty-seven for weaving, one for machine embroidery, two for tailors, one for barbers and hairdressers, three for hand spinning, six for straw weaving, three for wood carving, four for steam boiler heating, six for female handiwork. There are, moreover, seventeen technical advanced schools, two for gardeners, eight agricultural, and twenty-six commercial schools.

The Patrie reports, with apparent faith, an invention of Dr. Raydt, of Hanover, who claims to have developed fully the utility of carbonic acid as a motive agent. Under the pressure of forty atmospheres this acid is reduced to a liquid state, and when the pressure is removed it evaporates and expands into a bulk 500 times as great as that it occupied before. It is by means of this double process that the Hanoverian chemist proposes to obtain such important benefits from the agent he employs. A quantity of the fluid is liquified, and then stowed away in strong metal receptacles, securely fastened and provided with a duct and valve. By opening the valve free passage is given to the gas, which escapes with great force, and may be used instead of steam for working in a piston. One of the principal uses to which it has been put is to act as a temporary motive power for fire engines. Iron cases of liquified carbonic acid are fitted on to the boiler of the machine, and are always ready for use, so that while steam is being got up, and the engines can not yet be regularly worked in the usual way, the piston valves can be supplied with acid gas. There is, however, another remarkable object to which the new agent can be directed, and to which it has been recently applied in some experiments conducted at Kiel. This is the floating of sunken vessels by means of artificial bladders. It has been found that a bladder or balloon of twenty feet diameter, filled with air, will raise a mass of over 100 tons. Hitherto these floats have been distended by pumping air into them through pipes from above by a cumbrous and tedious process, but Dr. Raydt merely affixes a sufficient number of his iron gas-accumulators to the necks of the floats to be used, and then by releasing the gas fills them at once with the contents.

DAIRY SUPPLIES, Etc.

THE DAVIS SWING CHURN.

The Most Popular Churn on the Market.

Because it makes the most butter. Because no other Churn works so easy. Because it makes the best grained butter. Because it is the easiest cleaned. It has no floats or paddles inside. Also the Eureka Butter Worker, the Nesbitt Butter Printer, and a full line of Butter Making Utensils for Dairies and Factories. Send for Illustrated Circulars.

VERMONT FARM MACHINE CO., Bellows Falls, Vt.

The Cooley Creamer

Saves in labor its entire cost every season. It will produce enough more money from the milk to Pay for itself every 90 days over and above any other method you can employ. Don't buy infringing cans from irresponsible dealers. By decision of the U. S. Court the Cooley is the only Creamer or Milk Can which can be used water sealed or submerged without infringement. Send for circular to

JOHN BOYD, Manufacturer, 199 LAKE ST., CHICAGO, ILL.

CHOCOLATES.

GRATEFUL--COMFORTING.

EPPS'S COCOA.

BREAKFAST.

"By a thorough knowledge of the natural laws which govern the operations of digestion and nutrition, and by a careful application of the fine properties of well-selected Cocoa, Mr. Epps has provided our breakfast tables with a delicately flavored beverage which may save us many heavy doctors' bills. It is by the judicious use of such articles of diet that a constitution may be gradually built up until strong enough to resist every tendency to disease. Hundreds of subtle maladies are floating around us ready to attack wherever there is a weak point. We may escape many a fatal shaft by keeping ourselves well fortified with pure blood and a properly nourished frame."--_Civil Service Gazette._

Made simply with boiling water or milk. Sold only in half-pound tins by Grocers, labeled thus:

JAMES EPPS & CO., Homoeopathic Chemists, London, England.

When you write mention The Prairie Farmer.

MISCELLANEOUS.

3% LOANS,

For men of moderate means. Money loaned in any part of the country. Address, with 2-cent stamp.

MICHIGAN LOAN & PUB. CO., CHARLOTTE, MICH.

This Elegant Solid Plain Ring, made of Heavy 18k. Rolled Gold plate, packed in Velvet Casket, warranted 5 years, post-paid. 45c., 3 for $1.25. 50 Cards, "Beauties," all Gold, Silver, Roses, Lilies, Mottoes, &c., with name on, 10c., 11 packs for a $1.00 bill and this Gold Ring FREE.

U. S. CARD CO., CENTERBROOK, CONN.

SEEDS, Etc.

THE DINGEE & CONARD CO'S BEAUTIFUL EVER-BLOOMING

ROSES

The Only establishment making a SPECIAL BUSINESS of ROSES. 60 LARGE HOUSES for ROSES alone. We GIVE AWAY, in Premiums and Extras, more ROSES than most establishments grow. Strong Pot Plants suitable for immediate bloom delivered safely, post-paid, to any post office. 5 splendid varieties, your choice, all labeled, for $1; 12 for $2; 19 for $3; 26 for $4; 35 for $5; 75 for $10; 100 for $13. Our NEW GUIDE, _a complete Treatise on the Rose_, 70 pp, _elegantly illustrated_ FREE

THE DINGEE & CONARD CO., Rose Growers, West Grove, Chester Co., Pa.

1884--SPRING--1884.

TREES

Now is the time to prepare your orders for NEW and RARE Fruit and Ornamental Shrubs, Evergreens, ROSES, VINES, ETC. Besides many desirable Novelties; we offer the largest and most complete general Stock of Fruit and Ornamental Trees in the U. S. Abridged Catalogue mailed free. Address

ELLWANGER & BARRY, Mt. Hope Nurseries, Rochester, N. Y.

FOREST TREES.

_Largest Stock in America._

Catalpa Speciosa, Box-Elder, Maple, Larch, Pine, Spruce, etc.

_Forest and Evergreen Tree Seeds._

R. Douglas & Sons, _WAUKEGAN, ILL._

EVERGREENS

For everybody. Nursery grown, all sizes from 6 inches to 6 feet. Also

EUROPEAN LARCH AND CATALPA

and a few of the Extra Early Illinois Potatoes. Price List FREE. Address

D. HILL, Nurseryman, Dundee, Ill.

FOREST TREE SEEDS!

I offer a large stock of Walnuts, Butternuts, Ash, and Box Elder Seeds, suitable for planting. All the growth of 1883. I control the entire stock of the

SALOME APPLE,

a valuable, new, hardy variety. Also a general assortment of Nursery stock. Send for catalogue, circular, and price lists. Address

BRYANT'S NURSERY, Princeton, Ill.

SEED CORN.

Yellow and White Dent, Michigan Early Yellow Dent, Chester-White King Phillip, Yellow Yankee, Etc., Etc.

Also the Celebrated MURDOCK CORN.

L. B. FULLER & CO., 60 State St., Chicago.

CUTHBERT RASPBERRY PLANTS!

10,000 for sale at Elmland Farm by

L P. WHEELER, Quincy, Ill.

SPECIALTY FOR 1884.

200 bush. Onion sets, 20,000 Asparagus roots, Raspberry and Strawberry roots, and Champion Potatoes. Italian Bees a specialty. Send for price list for 1884.

SEND EARLY TO A. J. NORRIS, Cedar Falls, Iowa.

SEEDS

Our new catalogue, best published. Free _to all_. 1,500 _varieties_, 300 _illustrations_. You ought to have it.

BENSON, MAULE & Co., Philadelphia, Pa.

A Descriptive, Illustrated Nursery Catalogue and Guide to the Fruit and Ornamental Planter. Sent free to all applicants.

WM. H. MOON, Morrisville, Bucks Co., Pa.

SEED CORN

NORTHERN GROWN, VERY EARLY. Also Flower Vegetable and Field Seeds 44 New Varities of Potatoes Order early. Catalogue Free.

FRED. N. LANG, Baraboo, Wis.

CULLS AND WINDFALL APPLES

Worth 50 Cents Per Bushel Net.

SAVE THEM BY THE

"PLUMMER PATENT PROCESS."

Illustrated and Descriptive Catalogue and full Particulars mailed free.

PLUMMER FRUIT EVAPORATOR CO., No. 118 Delaware St., Leavenworth, Kan.

When you write mention the Prairie Farmer.

FERRY'S SEED ANNUAL FOR 1884

Will be mailed FREE to all applicants and to customers of last year without ordering it. It contains illustrations, prices, descriptions and directions for planting all Vegetable and Flower Seeds, Plants, etc. Invaluable to all.

D.M. FERRY & CO. DETROIT, Mich.

J. B. ROOT & CO.'S

Illustr'd Garden Manual of VEGETABLE and FLOWER SEEDS, ready for all applicants. Market Gardeners

SEEDS a Specialty. Write for Wholesale Price List. --> SENT FREE

ROCKFORD, ILLINOIS.

FLORAL GIFTS!

50 CARDS

SOUVENIRS OF FRIENDSHIP Beautiful designs, name neatly printed, 10c. 11 PACKS, this Elegant Ring, Microscopic Charm and Fancy Card Case, $1. Get ten of your friends to send with you, and you will obtain these THREE PREMIUMS and your pack FREE. Agent's Album of Samples, 25cts.

NORTHFORD CARD CO., Northford, Conn.

ONION SEED FOR SALE.

Early Red Globe, Raised In 1883.

JAMES BAKER, Davenport, Iowa.

NEW CHOICE VARIETIES OF SEED POTATOES

A Specialty. Twenty-five kinds. Will not be under-sold. Satisfaction guaranteed. Send postal, with full address, for prices.

BEN F. HOOVER, Galesburg, Illinois.

FOR SALE

One Hundred Bushels of Native Yellow Illinois Seed Corn, grown on my farm, gathered early and kept since in a dry room. Warranted to grow. Price $2 per bu. H.P. HUMPHREYS & SON, Sheffield, Ill.

Onion Sets

Wholesale & Retail

J. C. VAUGHN, _Seedsman_, 42 LaSalle St., CHICAGO, Ill.

MARYLAND FARMS.--Book and Map _free_,

by C. E. SHANAHAN, Attorney, Easton, Md.

NOW

Is the time to subscribe for THE PRAIRIE FARMER. Price only $2.00 per year is worth double the money.

Peter Henderson & Co's

COLLECTION OF SEEDS AND PLANTS

embraces every desirable Novelty of the season, as well as all standard kinds. A special feature for 1884 is, that you can for $5.00 select Seeds or Plants to that value from their Catalogue, and have included, without charge, a copy of Peter Henderson's New Book, "Garden and Farm Topics," a work of 250 pages, handsomely bound in cloth, and containing a steel portrait of the author. The price of the book alone is $1.50. Catalogue of "Everything for the Garden," giving details, free on application.

PETER HENDERSON & CO. SEEDSMEN & FLORISTS, 35 & 37 Cortlandt St., New York.

GARDEN SEEDS.

DIRECT FROM THE FARM AT THE LOWEST WHOLESALE RATES.

SEED CORN that I know will grow; White Beans, Oats, Potatoes, ONIONS, Cabbage, Mangel Wurzel, Carrots, Turnips, Parsnips, Celery, all of the best quality. Catalogue with directions of cultivation FREE. --> SEEDS FOR THE CHILDREN'S GARDEN. 25 per cent. discount. Let the children send for my Catalogue AND TRY MY SEEDS. They are WARRANTED GOOD or money refunded.

Address JOSEPH HARRIS, Moreton Farm, Rochester, N.Y.

SEEDS

ALBERT DICKINSON,

Dealer in Timothy, Clover, Flax, Hungarian, Millet, Red Top, Blue Grass, Lawn Grass, Orchard Grass, Bird Seeds, &c.

POP-CORN.

Warehouses {115, 117 & 119 KINZIE ST. {104, 106, 108 & 110 Michigan St.

OFFICE. 115 KINZIE ST., CHICAGO, ILL.

FAY GRAPES

Currant HEAD-QUARTERS.

ALL BEST, NEW AND OLD.

SMALL, FRUITS AND TREES. LOW TO DEALERS AND PLANTERS. Stock First-Class. Free Catalogues. GEO. S. JOSSELYN, Fredonia, N. Y.

Remember _that $2.00 pays for_ THE PRAIRIE FARMER _one year, and the subscriber gets a copy of_ THE PRAIRIE FARMER COUNTY MAP OF THE UNITED STATES, FREE! _This is the most liberal offer ever made by any first-class weekly agricultural paper in this country._

For nothing lovelier can be found In woman than to study _household_ good.--_Milton._

How He Ventilated the Cellar.

The effect of foul air upon milk, cream, and butter was often alluded to at the Dairymen's meeting at DeKalb. A great bane to the dairyman is carbonic acid gas. In ill ventilated cellars it not only has a pernicious effect upon milk and its products, but it often renders the living apartments unhealthful, and brings disease and death to the family. In the course of the discussion Mr. W. D. Hoard, President of the Northwestern Dairymen's Association, related the following incident showing how easily cellars may be ventilated and rendered fit receptacles for articles of food: