Category: History - Other
The Musician, and the Musical Instrument Maker 7 The Sculptor 18 The Painter 29 The Engraver 42 The Copperplate Printer 51 The Lithographer 54 The Author 58 The Printer 63 The Type-Founder 73 The Stereotyper 77 The Paper-Maker, and the Bookbinder 81 The Bookseller 92 The Archi...
The Musician, and the Musical Instrument Maker 7 The Sculptor 18 The Painter 29 The Engraver 42 The Copperplate Printer 51 The Lithographer 54 The Author 58 The Printer 63 The T...
2. Part 28. _Casts_ in plaster of Paris and bronze are taken from models, statues, busts, bas-reliefs, and living persons. To do this, it is necessary to form a mould from the subject to...
3. Part 318. This author supposes also, that the arts had attained nearly an equal degree of cultivation about the same time in Egypt, sculpture, as best serving idolatrous purposes, bei...
4. Part 49. _Etching._ This mode of engraving is far more easy than any other, being performed chiefly by chemical corrosion. In fact, any person who can draw, may _etch_ coarse designs...
5. Part 51. From what has been said in a preceding article, it is manifest that the art of printing arose from the practice of engraving on wood. Letters were cut on wood as inscriptions...
6. Part 61. The word _stereotype_ is derived from two Greek words--_stereos_, solid, and _tupos_, a type. It is applied to pages of types in a single piece, which have been cast in mould...
7. Part 714. The process of binding books, as just described, is varied, of course, in some particulars, to suit the different kinds of binding and finish. A book stitched together like...
8. Part 829. _Gothic style._--The Goths, who overran a great part of the Western empire, were not the inventors of the style of architecture which bears their name. The term was first ap...
9. Part 93. The bricks employed in the walls constructed according to the Flemish method, are of two, and frequently of three, qualities. Those placed in the front, or on the external su...
10. Part 107. In almost every kind of turning, a tool called the _calipers_ is necessary for measuring the diameters of the work. In its form, it bears some resemblance to the compasses or...
11. Part 115. In executing any proposed work, a drawing is first made on paper, commonly with a lead-pencil. The part of the paper not embraced in the outline is then cut away, and the rem...
12. Part 128. Before the clay, thus purified from extraneous and coarser particles, is formed into vessels, it is beaten with a stout piece of wood, until the mass has become of an equal c...
13. Part 1323. _Cutting._--The name of _cut glass_ is given to the kind which is ground and polished in figures, appearing as if cut with a sharp instrument. This operation is confined chi...
14. Part 145. Gold is found in veins in mountains, most usually associated with ores of silver, sulphurets of iron, copper, lead, and other metals. It is often so minutely distributed, tha...
15. Part 152. The relative value of silver and gold has varied considerably in different ages. In the prosperous period of ancient civilization, one pound of gold was worth twelve of silve...
16. Part 161. Trifling as the manufacture of buttons may appear, there are few which include a greater variety of operations. The number of substances of which they are made is very great,...
17. Part 172. Cast iron, from its cheapness, and from the facility with which its form may be changed, is made the material of numerous structures. _Steel_, which is the most important com...
18. Part 186. In the shop represented at the head of this article, sledges and hammers are used as forging instruments, and these are wielded by the workmen themselves. The head workman ha...
19. Part 193. Of the authors of this system, whether Greek or Roman, nothing worthy of notice has been transmitted to us, beyond an occasional citation of names, in the works of Columella,...