Chapter 8

PROGRESS OF REPUBLICANISM. The Dred Scott Decision--Struggle for Freedom in Kansas--Instructive Debates in Congress--Republican Gains in the Thirty-fifth Congress --The English Bill--Its Defeat and the Effect--Defection of Douglas --Its Advantages and its Perils--Strange Course of the New York Tribune and other Papers--Republican Retreat in Indiana--Illinois Republicans stand firm, and hold the Party to its Position--Gains in the Thirty-sixth Congress--Southern Barbarism and Extravagance --John Brown's Raid--Cuba and the Slave-trade--Oregon and Kansas-- Aids to Anti-slavery Progress--The Speakership and Helper's Book-- Southern Insolence and Extravagance--Degradation of Douglas--Slave- code for the Territories--Outrages in the South--Campaign of 1860 --Charleston Convention and Division of the Democrats--Madness of the Factions--Bell and Everett--Republican Convention and its Platform--Lincoln and Seward--Canvass of Douglas--Campaign for Lincoln--Conduct of Seward--Republican Concessions and slave-holding Madness.