PART IX.--INORGANIC POISONS.

I. PRECIPITATED FROM A HYDROCHLORIC ACID SOLUTION BY HYDRIC SULPHIDE-- PRECIPITATE YELLOW OR ORANGE.

ARSENIC--ANTIMONY--CADMIUM.

1. _Arsenic._

707. Metallic Arsenic; its Chemical and Physical Properties, 524 708. Arsenious Anhydride--Arsenious Acid; its Properties and Solubility, 524, 525 709. Arseniuretted Hydrogen (Arsine), 525-527 710. Arseniuretted Hydrogen in the Arts, &c, 527 711. The Effects of Arseniuretted Hydrogen on Man--Illustrative Cases, 527, 528 712. The Sulphides of Arsenic, 528, 529 713. Orpiment, or Arsenic Trisulphide, 529 714. Haloid Arsenical Compounds--Chloride of Arsenic--Iodide of Arsenic, 529 715. Arsenic in the Arts, 529, 530 716. Pharmaceutical Preparations of Arsenic--Veterinary Arsenical Medicines--Rat and Fly Poisons--Quack Nostrums--Pigments-- External Application of Arsenic for Sheep--Arsenical Soaps-- Arsenical Compounds used in Pyrotechny, 530-534 717. Statistics of Poisoning by Arsenic, 534 718. Law Relative to the Sale of Arsenic, 535 719. Dose of Arsenic, 535 720. Effects of Arsenious Acid on Plants, 535, 536 721. Effects of Arsenic upon Life--Animalcules--Annelids--Birds-- Mammals, 536-538 722. Effects of Arsenious Acid on Man--Arsenic Eaters, 538, 539 723. Manner of Introduction of Arsenic, 539 724. Cases of Poisoning by the External Application of Arsenic, 539-541 725. Arsenic in Wall-Papers, 541, 542 726. Forms of Arsenical Poisoning--Acute Form, 542 727. Subacute Form--Case of the Duc de Praslin, 543 728. Nervous Form--Brodie’s Experiments on Rabbits--A “Mass” Poisoning reported by Dr. Coqueret, 544, 545 729. Absence of Symptoms, 545, 546 730. Slow Poisoning, 546 731. The Maybrick Case, 546-548 732. Post-mortem Appearances met with in Animals after Arsenical Poisoning--The Researches of Hugo, 548, 549 733. Post-mortem Appearances in Man--Illustrative Pathological Preparations in Various Museums, 549-551 734. Pathological Changes induced in the Gullet and Stomach--Fatty Degeneration of the Liver and Kidneys--Glossitis--Retardation of Putrefaction, 551, 552 735. Physiological Action of Arsenic, 552, 553 736. Elimination of Arsenic--Question of Accumulation of Arsenic, 553 737. Antidotes and Treatment, 553, 554 738. Detection of Arsenic--Identification of Arsenious Acid in Substance--Test of Berzelius--Identification of Arsenites and Arseniates--Detection of Arsenious Acid in Solution-- Distinguishing Marks between the Sulphides of Tin, Cadmium, Antimony, and Arsenic--Marsh’s Original Test for Arsenic-- Blondlot’s Modification of Marsh’s Test--Distinguishing Marks between Arsenical and Antimonial Mirrors--Reinsch’s Tests, 554-560 739. Arsenic in Glycerin, 560 740. Arsenic in Organic Matters--Orfila’s Method of Destroying Organic Matter--Extraction with Hydrochloric Acid--Modifications in the Treatment of Oils--Resinous Matters--Experiments on the Distribution of Arsenic by Scolosuboff, Ludwig, and Chittenden-- The Question of Contamination of a Corpse by Arsenical Earth, 560-562 741. Imbibition of Arsenic after Death--Mason’s Case, 563-565 742. Analysis of Wall-Paper for Arsenic, 565, 566 743. Estimation of Arsenic--Galvanic Process of Bloxam--Colorimetric Methods, 566-568 744. Destruction of the Organic Matter by Nitric Acid, and Subsequent Reduction of the Arsenic Acid to Arseniuretted Hydrogen, and Final Estimation as Metallic Arsenic, 568-571 745. Arsine developed from an Alkaline Solution, 571 746. Precipitation as Tersulphide--Methods of Dealing with the Sulphides obtained--(_a_) Solution in Ammonia and Estimation by Iodine--(_b_) Drying the Purified Precipitate at a High Temperature, and then directly weighing--(_c_) Oxidation of the Sulphide and Precipitation as Ammonia Magnesian Arseniate, or Magnesia Pyro Arseniate--(_d_) Conversion of the Trisulphide of Arsenic into the Arseno-Molybdate of Ammonia--Conversion of the Sulphide into Metallic Arsenic, 571-575 747. Conversion of Arsenic into Arsenious Chloride, 575, 576

2. _Antimony._

748. Properties of Metallic Antimony, 577 749. Antimonious Sulphides, 577, 578 750. Tartarated Antimony--Tartar Emetic, 578, 579 751. Metantimonic Acid, 579 752. Pharmaceutical, Veterinary, and Quack Preparations of Antimony-- (1)Pharmaceutical Preparations--(2) Patent and Quack Pills--(3) Antimonial Medicines, chiefly Veterinary, 579-582 753. Alloys, 582 754. Pigments, 582 755. Dose, 582 756. Effects of Tartar Emetic on Animals--Influence on Temperature-- Dr. Nevin’s Researches on Rabbits, 582, 583 757. Effects of Tartar Emetic on Man--Illustrative Cases, 583, 584 758. Chronic Antimonial Poisoning, 585 759. _Post-mortem_ Appearances--Preparations in Museums--Pathological Appearances in Rabbits, according to Nevin, 585, 586 760. Elimination of Antimony, 586 761. Antidotes for Tartar Emetic, 586 762. Effects of Chloride or Butter of Antimony, 587 763. Detection of Antimony in Organic Matters, 587-589 764. Quantitative Estimation of Antimony, 589, 590

3. _Cadmium._

765. Properties of the Metal Cadmium, 590 766. Cadmium Oxide, 590 767. Cadmium Sulphide, 590 768. Medicinal Preparations of Cadmium--Cadmium Iodide--Cadmium Sulphate, 590 769. Cadmium in the Arts, 590 770. Fatal Dose of Cadmium, 590 771. Separation and Detection of Cadmium, 590, 591

II. PRECIPITATED BY HYDRIC SULPHIDE IN HYDROCHLORIC ACID SOLUTION-- BLACK.

LEAD--COPPER--BISMUTH--SILVER--MERCURY.

1. _Lead._

772. Lead and its Oxides--Litharge--Minium, or Red Lead, 591, 592 773. Sulphide of Lead, 592 774. Sulphate of Lead, 592 775. Acetate of Lead, 592 776. Chloride of Lead--Carbonate of Lead, 592, 593 777. Preparations of Lead used in Medicine, the Arts, &c.--(1) Pharmaceutical--(2) Quack Nostrums--(3) Preparations used in the Arts--Pigments--Hair Dyes--Alloys, 593, 594 778. Statistics of Lead-Poisoning, 594 779. Lead as a Poison--Means by which Lead may be taken into the System, 595, 596 780. Effects of Lead Compounds on Animals, 596, 597 781. Effects of Lead Compounds on Man--Acute Poisoning--Mass Poisoning by Lead--Case of Acute Poisoning by the Carbonate of Lead, 597-599 782. Chronic Poisoning by Lead, 599, 600 783. Effects of Lead on the Nervous System--Lead as a Factor of Insanity 600, 601 784. Amaurosis Caused by Lead-Poisoning--Influence on the Sexual Functions--Caries--Epilepsy, 601-603 785. Uric Acid in the Blood after Lead-Poisoning, 603 786. Influence of Lead on Pregnant Women and on Fœtal Life--The Keighley Case of Poisoning by Water Contaminated by Lead--Case of _Reg._ v. _L. J. Taylor_, 603-605 787. _Post-mortem_ Appearances, 605 788. Physiological Action of Lead, 605, 606 789. Elimination of Lead, 606 790. Fatal Dose, 606, 607 791. Antidotes and Treatment, 607 792. Localisation of Lead, 607, 608 793. Detection and Estimation of Lead, 608, 609 794. Detection of Lead in Tartaric Acid, in Lemonade and Aërated Waters, 609, 610

2. _Copper._

795. Properties of Copper, 610 796. Cupric Oxide, 610 797. Cupric Sulphide, 610 798. Solubility of Copper in Water and Various Fluids--Experiments of Carnelley, W. Thompson, and Lehmann, 610-612 799. Copper as a Normal Constituent of Animal, Vegetable, and other Matters--Dupré’s Experiments--Bergeron and L. L’Hôte’s Researches, 612-614 800. The “Coppering” of Vegetables--Copper in Green Peas-- Phyllocyanic Acid, 614, 615 801. Preparations of Copper used in Medicine and the Arts--(1) Medicinal Preparations--(2) Copper in the Arts, 615, 616 802. Dose--Medicinal Dose of Copper, 616, 617 803. Effects of Soluble Copper Salts on Animals, 617-619 804. Toxic Dose of Copper Salts, 619 805. Cases of Acute Poisoning, 619, 620 806. Effects of Subacetate, Subchloride, and Carbonate of Copper, 620 807. _Post-mortem_ Appearances seen in Acute Poisoning by Copper, 620, 621 808. Chronic Poisoning by Copper, 621, 622 809. Detection and Estimation of Copper--General Method--Special Method for Copper in Solution in Water and other Liquids-- Detection of Copper in Animal Matters, 622-624 810. Volumetric Processes for the Estimation of Copper, 624

3. _Bismuth._

811. Bismuth as a Metal, 624 812. Teroxide of Bismuth, 624 813. The Sulphide of Bismuth, 624 814. Preparations of Bismuth used in Medicine and the Arts--(1) Pharmaceutical Preparations--(2) Bismuth in the Arts, 624, 625 815. Medicinal Doses of Bismuth, 625 816. Toxic Effects of Sub-nitrate of Bismuth, 625, 626 817. Extraction and Detection of Bismuth in Animal Matter, 626, 627 818. Estimation of Bismuth--Volumetric Processes, 627, 628

4. _Silver._

819. Properties of Metallic Silver, 628, 629 820. Chloride of Silver, 629 821. Sulphide of Silver, 629 822. Preparations of Silver used in Medicine and the Arts--(1) Medicinal Preparations--(2) Silver in the Arts, 629, 630 823. Medicinal Dose of Silver Compounds, 630 824. Effects of Nitrate of Silver on Animals--Chronic Poisoning, 630, 631 825. Toxic Effects of Silver Nitrate on Man--(1) Acute--(2) Chronic Poisoning, 631, 632 826. _Post-mortem_ Appearances, 632 827. Detection and Estimation of Silver, 632, 633

5. _Mercury._

828. The Metal Mercury--Mercurous Chloride, or Calomel, 633, 634 829. Sulphide of Mercury, 634 830. Medicinal Preparations of Mercury, 634-638 831. Mercury in the Arts--The Sulphocyanide of Mercury--Acid Solution of Nitrate of Mercury, 639 832. The more common Patent and Quack Medicines containing Mercury, 639, 640 833. Mercury in Veterinary Medicine, 640 834. Medicinal and Fatal Dose, 640, 641 835. Poisoning by Mercury--Statistics, 641 836. Effects of Mercurial Vapour and of the Non-Corrosive Compounds of Mercury--(_a_) On Vegetable Life--(_b_) On Animal Life, 641, 642 837. Effects on Man, 642, 643 838. Absorption of Mercury by the Skin, 643 839. Symptoms of Poisoning by Mercury Vapour, 643, 644 840. Mercurial Tremor, 644, 645 841. Mercuric Methide--Effects of, as Illustrated by two Cases, 645, 646 842. Effects of the Corrosive Salts of Mercury, 646, 647 843. Death from the External Use of Corrosive Sublimate, 647 844. Effects of the Nitrates of Mercury, 647 845. Case of _Reg._ v. _E. Smith_, 648 846. Mercuric Cyanide, 648 847. White Precipitate, 648 848. Treatment of Acute and Chronic Poisoning, 648 849. _Post-mortem_ Appearances--Pathological Preparations in Various Anatomical Museums, 648-650 850. Pathological Appearances from the Effects of Nitrate of Mercury, 650 851. Elimination of Mercury, 650, 651 852. Tests for Mercury, 651, 652 853. The Detection of Mercury in Organic Substances and Fluids, 652-654 854. Estimation of Mercury--The Dry Method, 654 855. Volumetric Processes for the Estimation of Mercury, 654, 655

III. PRECIPITATED BY HYDRIC SULPHIDE FROM A NEUTRAL SOLUTION.

ZINC--NICKEL--COBALT.

1. _Zinc._

856. Properties of Metallic Zinc, 655, 656 857. Carbonate of Zinc, 656 858. Oxide of Zinc, 656 859. Sulphide of Zinc--Sulphate of Zinc, 656 860. Preparation and Uses of Chloride of Zinc, 656, 657 861. Zinc in the Arts--Zinc Chromate--Zinc Pigments--Action of Fluids on Zinc Vessels, 657, 658 862. Effects of Zinc, as shown by Experiments on Animals, 658 863. Effects of Zinc Compounds on Man--Zinc Oxide, 658, 659 864. Sulphate of Zinc, 659 865. Zinc Chloride, 659, 660 866. _Post-mortem_ Appearances--Illustrated by Specimens in Pathological Museums, 660, 661 867. Detection of Zinc in Organic Liquids or Solids, 661, 662 868. Identification of Zinc Sulphide, 662

2. _Nickel--Cobalt._

869. Experiments of Anderson Stuart on the Toxic Action of Nickel and Cobalt, 662, 663 870. Symptoms witnessed in various Classes of Animals after taking Doses of Nickel or Cobalt, 663, 664 871. Effects on the Circulation and Nervous System, 664 872. Action on Striped Muscle, 664 873. Separation of Nickel or Cobalt from the Organic Matters or Tissues, 664, 665 874. Estimation of Cobalt or Nickel, 665

IV. PRECIPITATED BY AMMONIUM SULPHIDE.

IRON--CHROMIUM--THALLIUM--ALUMINIUM--URANIUM.

1. _Iron._

875. Poisonous and Non-Poisonous Salts of Iron, 665 876. Ferric Chloride--Pharmaceutical Preparations of Ferric Chloride, 666 877. Effects of Ferric Chloride on Animals, 666 878. Effects on Man--Criminal Case at Martinique, 666, 667 879. Elimination of Ferric Chloride, 667, 668 880. _Post-mortem_ Appearances, 668 881. Ferrous Sulphate, 668, 669 882. Search for Iron Salts in the Contents of the Stomach, 669, 670

2. _Chromium._

883. Neutral Chromate of Potash, 670 884. Potassic Bichromate, 670 885. Neutral Lead Chromate, 670, 671 886. Use in the Arts, 671 887. Effects of some of the Chromium Compounds on Animal Life, 671 888. Effects of some of the Chromium Compounds on Man--Bichromate Disease, 671, 672 889. Acute Poisoning by the Chromates--Illustrative Cases, 672, 673 890. Lethal Effects of Chromate of Lead, 673 891. _Post-mortem_ Appearances, 674 892. Detection of the Chromates and Separation of the Salts of Chromium from the Contents of the Stomach, 674, 675

3. _Thallium._

893. Discovery of Thallium--Its Properties, 675, 676 894. Effects of Thallium Salts, 676 895. Separation of Thallium from Organic Fluids or Tissues, 676

4. _Aluminium._

896. Aluminium and its Salts, 676, 677 897. Action of Alum Salts--Siem’s Researches--Alum Baking-Powders, 677, 678 898. _Post-mortem_ Appearances, 678 899. Detection of Alumina, 678, 679

5. _Uranium._

900. Poisonous Properties of Uranium Salts, 679 901. Detection and Estimation of Uranium, 679

V. ALKALINE EARTHS.

BARIUM.

902. Salts of Barium in Use in the Arts, 679, 680 903. Chloride of Barium, 680 904. Baric Carbonate, 680 905. Sulphate of Barium, 680 906. Effects of the Soluble Salts of Barium on Animals, 681 907. Effects of the Salts of Barium on Man--Fatal Dose, 681, 682 908. Symptoms, 682, 683 909. Distribution of Barium in the Body, 683 910. _Post-mortem_ Appearances, 683, 684 911. Separation of Barium Salts from Organic Solids or Fluids, and their Identification, 684

APPENDIX.

TREATMENT, BY ANTIDOTES OR OTHERWISE, OF CASES OF POISONING.

912. Instruments, Emetics, and Antidotes Proper for Furnishing an Antidote Bag, 685, 686 913. Poisons Arranged Alphabetically--Details of Treatment, 687-700

DOMESTIC READY REMEDIES FOR POISONING.

914. The “Antidote Cupboard,” and How to Furnish it, 701

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.

Williams’ Apparatus for Investigating Action of Poisons on the Frog’s Heart, 44 Ether Recovery Apparatus, 47 Micro-spectroscope, 48 Diagram showing Absorption Bands Produced from Colour Reactions, 55 Hæmatin Crystals, 61 Tube for Treatment of Liquids by Ethereal Solvents, 156 Diagram of Visual Field in Dinitro-benzol Poisoning, 190 Blondlot’s Apparatus for Production of Phosphine, 231 Apparatus for Sublimation, 258 Brucine Hydriodide, 342 Bocklisch’s Flask for Distillation in a Vacuum, 486 Berzelius’ Tube for Reduction of Arsenic, 554 Bent Tube for Assay of Mercury, 654

Folding-Chart (Deaths from Intemperance and Liver Disease), to face p. 136

POISONS: THEIR EFFECTS AND DETECTION.