ACT IV.

_Scene, the Inn door; Diligence drawn up._—CASIMERE _appears superintending the package of his portmanteaus, and giving directions to the_ PORTERS.

_Enter_ BEEFINGTON _and_ PUDDINGFIELD.

PUDD. Well, Coachey, have you got two inside places?

COACH. Yes, your Honour.

PUDD. [_seems to be struck with_ CASIMERE’S _appearance. He surveys him earnestly without paying any attention to the_ COACHMAN, _then doubtingly pronounces_] Casimere!

CAS. [_turning round rapidly, recognizes_ PUDDINGFIELD, _and embraces him._] My Puddingfield!

PUDD. My Casimere!

CAS. What, Beefington too! [_discovering him_]—then is my joy complete.

BEEF. Our fellow-traveller, as it seems!

CAS. Yes, Beefington—but wherefore to Hamburgh?

BEEF. Oh, Casimere[279]—to fly—to fly—to return—England—our country—Magna Charta—it is liberated—a new æra—House of Commons—Crown and Anchor—Opposition—

CAS. What a contrast! you are flying to liberty and your home—I, driven from my home by tyranny, and exposed to domestic slavery in a foreign country.

BEEF. How domestic slavery?

CAS. Too true—two wives—[_slowly, and with a dejected air—then after a pause_]—you knew my Cecilia?

PUDD. Yes, five years ago.

CAS. Soon after that period I went upon a visit to a lady in Wetteravia—my Matilda was under her protection. Alighting at a peasant’s cabin, I saw her on a charitable visit, spreading bread-and-butter for the children, in a light-blue riding-habit. The simplicity of her appearance—the fineness of the weather—all conspired to interest me—my heart moved to hers—as if by magnetic sympathy. We wept, embraced, and went home together: she became the mother of my Pantalowsky. But five years of enjoyment have not stifled the reproaches of my conscience—her Rogero is languishing in captivity—if I could restore her to _him_!

BEEF. Let us rescue him.

CAS. Will without power[280] is like children playing at soldiers.

BEEF. Courage without power[281] is like a consumptive running footman.

CAS. Courage without power is a contradiction.[282] Ten brave men might set all Quedlinburgh at defiance.

BEEF. Ten brave men—but where are they to be found?

CAS. I will tell you—marked you the waiter?

BEEF. The waiter?

[_doubtingly._

CAS. [_in a confidential tone_]. No waiter, but a _Knight Templar_. Returning from the Crusade, he found his Order dissolved, and his person proscribed. He dissembled his rank, and embraced the profession of a waiter. I have made sure of him already. There are, besides, an Austrian, and a Prussian grenadier. I have made them abjure their national enmity, and they have sworn to fight henceforth in the cause of freedom. These with young Pottingen, the waiter, and ourselves, make seven—the Troubadour, with his two attendant minstrels, will complete the ten.

BEEF. Now then for the execution.

[_With enthusiasm._

PUDD. Yes, my boys—for the execution.

[_Clapping them on the back._

WAITER. But hist! we are observed.

TROU. Let us by a song conceal our purposes.

RECITATIVE ACCOMPANIED.[283]

CAS. Hist! hist! nor let the airs that blow From night’s cold lungs our purpose know!

PUDD. Let Silence, mother of the dumb,

BEEF. Press on each lip her palsied thumb!

WAIT. Let Privacy, allied to sin, That loves to haunt the tranquil inn—

GREN. } And Conscience start, when she shall view THOU. } The mighty deed we mean to do!

GENERAL CHORUS—_Con spirito._

Then friendship swear, ye faithful bands, Swear to save a shackled hero! See where yon abbey frowning stands! Rescue, rescue, brave Rogero!

CAS. Thrall’d in a monkish tyrant’s fetters Shall great Rogero hopeless lie?

Y. POT. In my pocket I have letters, Saying, “Help me, or I die!”

_Allegro Allegretto._

CAS. BEEF. PUDD. GREN. TROU. } Let us fly, let us fly, WAITER, AND POT. _with enthusiasm_. } Let us help, ere he die!

[_Exeunt omnes, waving their hats._

_Scene, the Abbey Gate, with Ditches, Drawbridges, and Spikes; Time, about an hour before Sunrise.—The conspirators appear as if in ambuscade, whispering and consulting together, in expectation of the signal for attack.—The_ WAITER _is habited as a Knight Templar, in the dress of his Order, with the Cross on his breast, and the scallop on his shoulder._—PUDDINGFIELD _and_ BEEFINGTON _armed with blunderbusses and pocket-pistols; the_ GRENADIERS _in their proper uniforms.—The_ TROUBADOUR _with his attendant minstrels bring up the rear; martial music: the conspirators come forward, and present themselves before the Gate of the Abbey.—Alarum; firing of pistols; the Convent appear in Arms upon the Walls; the Drawbridge is let down; a body of choristers and lay-brothers attempt a sally, but are beaten back, and the Verger killed.—The besieged attempt to raise the Drawbridge_; PUDDINGFIELD _and_ BEEFINGTON _press forward with alacrity, throw themselves upon the Drawbridge, and by the exertion of their weight preserve it in a state of depression; the other besiegers join them, and attempt to force the entrance, but without effect._—PUDDINGFIELD _makes the signal for the battering-ram.—Enter_ QUINTUS CURTIUS _and_ MARCUS CURIUS DENTATUS _in their military habits, preceded by the Roman Eagle; the rest of their Legion are employed in bringing forward a battering-ram, which plays for a few minutes to slow time, till the entrance is forced.—After a short resistance, the besiegers rush in with shouts of Victory._

_Scene changes to the interior of the Abbey.—The inhabitants of the Convent are seen flying in all directions._

_The_ COUNT OF WEIMAR _and the_ PRIOR, _who had been found feasting in the Refectory, are brought in manacled. The_ COUNT _appears transported with rage, and gnaws his chains.—The_ PRIOR _remains insensible, as if stupefied with grief._—BEEFINGTON _takes the keys of the Dungeon, which are hanging at the_ PRIOR’S _girdle, and makes a sign for them both to be led away into confinement.—Exeunt_ PRIOR _and_ COUNT, _properly guarded.—The rest of the conspirators disperse in search of the Dungeon where_ ROGERO _is confined._

END OF ACT THE FOURTH.

No. XXXII.

June 18, 1798.

We are indebted for the following imitation of CATULLUS to a literary correspondent. Whether it will remove the doubts we formerly expressed, of CITIZEN MUSKEIN’S acquaintance with the classics, from the minds of our readers, we cannot pretend to say. It is given to us as a faithful translation from the French—as such, we present it to our readers; premising only, that though the _Citizen Imitator_ seems to have _Sans-culottized_ the original in two or three places, yet he everywhere expresses himself with a _naïveté_ and truth in his verse that we seek for in vain in many of his countrymen who have recorded their victories and defeats in very vulgar prose.

AN AFFECTIONATE EFFUSION OF CITIZEN MUSKEIN TO HAVRE-DE-GRACE.

Fairest of cities,[284] which the Seine Surveys ’twixt Paris and the main, Sweet HAVRE! sweetest HAVRE, hail! How gladly with my tatter’d sail,[285] Yet trembling from this wild adventure, Do I thy friendly harbour enter!

Well—now I’ve leisure, let me see What boats are left me; one, two, three— Bravo! the better half remain; And all my heroes are not slain. And if my senses don’t deceive, I too am safe,[286]—yes, I believe, Without a wound I reach thy shore (For I have felt myself all o’er); I’ve all my limbs, and, be it spoken With honest triumph, no bone broken.

How pleasing is the sweet transition[287] From this vile Gun-boat Expedition; From winds and waves, and wounds and scars, From British soldiers, British tars, To his own house, where, free from danger, MUSKEIN may live at rack and manger; May stretch his limbs in his own cot,[288] Thankful he has not gone to pot; Nor for the bubble Glory strive, But bless himself that he’s alive!

HAVRE,[289] sweet Havre! hail again, O! bid thy sons (a frolic train,[290] Who under CHÉNIER welcomed in, With dance and song, the _Guillotine_). In long procession seek the strand; For MUSKEIN now prepares to land, ’Scaped, Heav’n knows how, from that cursed crew That haunt the rocks of SAINT MARCOU.

[TO THE PENINSULA OF SIRMIO. UPON THE RETURN OF THE POET TO HIS COUNTRY HOUSE THERE.

_Translated_ from CATULLUS.

Sirmio, of all the shores the gem, The isles where circling Neptune strays; Whether the vast and boisterous main Or lake’s more limpid waves they stem, How gladly on thy waves I gaze! How blest to visit thee again!

I scarce believe, while rapt I stand, That I have left the Thynian fields And all Bithynia far behind, And safely view my favourite land. Oh bliss, when care dispersing yields To full repose the placid mind!

Then when the mind its load lays down; When we regain, all hazards past, And with long ceaseless travel tired, Our household god again our own; And press in tranquil sleep at last The well-known bed so oft desired—

This can alone atonement make For every toil. Hail, Sirmio sweet! Be gay, thy lord hath ceased to roam! Ye laughing waves of Lydia’s lake, Smile all around! thy master greet With all thy smiles, my pleasant home!—ED.]

No. XXXIII.[291]

June 25, 1798.

After the splendid account of BUONAPARTE’S successes in the East, which our readers will find in another part of this paper,[292] and which they will peruse with equal wonder and apprehension, it is some consolation to us to have to state, not only from authority, but in verse, that our government has not been behindhand with that of France; but that aware of the wise and enterprising spirit of the enemy, and of the danger which might arise to our distant possessions from the export of learning and learned men being entirely in their hands, ministers have long ago determined on an expedition of a similar nature, and have actually embarked at Portsmouth on board one of the East India Company’s ships taken up for that purpose (the ship _Capricorn_, Mr. Thomas Truman, Commander), several tons of _savans_, the growth of this country. The whole was conducted with the utmost secrecy and dispatch, and it was not till we were favoured with the following copy of a letter (obligingly communicated to us by the Tunisian gentleman to whom it is addressed) that we had any suspicion of the extent and nature of the design, or indeed of any such design being in contemplation.

The several great names which are combined to render this Expedition the most surprising and splendid ever undertaken, could not indeed have been spared from the country to which they are an ornament for any other purpose than one the most obviously connected with the interests of the empire, and the most widely beneficial to mankind.

The secrecy with which they have been withdrawn from the British public, without being so much as missed or enquired after, reflects the highest honour on the planners of the enterprise. Even the celebrity of DOCTOR PARR has not led to any discovery or investigation: the silent admirers of that great man have never once thought of asking what was become of him; till it is now all at once come to light, that he has been for weeks past on shipboard, the brightest star in the bright constellation of talents which stud the quarter-deck of the _Capricorn_, Mr. T. Truman (as before mentioned), Commander.

The resignation of the late worthy President of a certain Agricultural Board[293] might indeed have taught mankind to look for some extraordinary event in the world of science and adventure; and those who had the good fortune to see the deportation from his house, of the several wonderful anomalies which had for years formed its most distinguished inmates,—the stuffed ram, the dried boar, the cow with three horns, and other fanciful productions of a like nature, could not but speculate with some degree of seriousness on the purpose of their removal, and on the place of their destination.

It now appears that there was in truth no light object in view. They were destined, with the rest of the _savans_, on whom this country prides itself (and long may it have reason to indulge the honest exultation), to undertake a voyage of no less grandeur than peril; to counteract the designs of the Directory, and to frustrate or forestal the conquests of Buonaparte.

The young gentleman who writes the following letter to his friend in London is, as may be seen, interpreter to the Expedition. We have understood, further, that he is connected with the young man who writes for the _Morning Chronicle_, and conducts the _Critical, Argumentative_, and _Geographical_ departments. Some say it is the young man himself, who has assumed a feigned name, and, under the disguise of a Turkish dress and circumcision, is gone, at the express instigation of his employers, to improve himself in geographical knowledge. We have our doubts upon this subject, as we think we recognise the style of this deplorable young man in an article of last week’s _Morning Chronicle_, which we have had occasion to answer in a preceding column of our present paper. Be that as it may, the information contained in the following letter may be depended upon.

We cannot take leave of the subject without remarking what a fine contrast and companion the vessel and cargo described in the following poem affords [_sic_] to the “NAVIS STULTIFERA,” the “SHIPPE OF FOOLES” of the celebrated BARCLAY; and we cannot forbear hoping that the _Argenis_ of an author of the same name may furnish a hint for an account of this stupendous Expedition in a learned language, from the only pen which in modern days is capable of writing Latin with a purity and elegance worthy of so exalted a theme, and that the author of a classical _preface_[294] may become the writer of a no less celebrated voyage.

TRANSLATION OF A LETTER, (IN ORIENTAL CHARACTERS) FROM BAWBA-DARA-ADUL-PHOOLA,[295] DRAGOMAN TO THE EXPEDITION, TO NEEK-AWL-ARETCHID-KOOEZ, SECRETARY TO THE TUNISIAN EMBASSY.

DEAR NEEK-AWL,

You’ll rejoice, that at length I am able, To date these few lines from the captain’s own table. Mr. Truman himself, of his proper suggestion, Has in favour of science decided the question; So we walk the main-deck, and are mess’d with the captain, I leave you to judge of the joys we are wrapt in.

At Spithead they embark’d us, how precious a cargo! And we sail’d before day to escape the embargo. There was SHUCKBOROUGH,[296] the wonderful mathematician; And DARWIN, the poet, the sage, and physician; There was BEDDOES, and BRUIN, and GODWIN, whose trust is, He may part with his work on _Political Justice_ To some Iman or Bonze, or Judaical Rabbin; So with huge quarto volumes he piles up the cabin. There was great DR. PARR whom we style _Bellendenus_, The Doctor and I have a hammock between us. ’Tis a little unpleasant thus crowding together, On account of the motion and heat of the weather; _Two_ souls in one berth they oblige us to cram, And Sir John[297] _will_ insist on a place for his ram. Though the Doctor, I find, is determined to think ’Tis the animal’s hide that occasions the stink; In spite of th’ experienced opinion of Truman, Who contends that the scent is exclusively human. But BEDDOES and DARWIN engage to repair This slight inconvenience with _oxygen_ air.

Whither bound? (you will ask). ’Tis a question, my friend, On which I long doubted; my doubt’s at an end. To Arabia the Stony, Sabæa the gummy, To the land where each man that you meet is a mummy; To the mouths of the Nile, to the banks of Araxes, To the _Red_ and the _Yellow_, the _White_ and the _Black_ seas, With telescopes, globes, and a quadrant and sextant, And the works of all authors whose writings are extant; With surveys and plans, topographical maps, Theodolites, watches, spring-guns and steel-traps, Phials, crucibles, air-pumps, electric machinery, And pencils for painting the natives and scenery. In short, we are sent to oppose all we know To the knowledge and mischievous arts of the foe, Who, though placing in arms a well-grounded reliance, Go to war with a flying artillery of science.

The French _savans_, it seems, recommended this measure, With a view to replenish the national treasure. First, the true _Rights of Man_ they will preach in all places, But chief (when ’tis found) in the Egyptian Oasis: And this doctrine, ’tis hoped, in a very few weeks Will persuade the wild Arabs to murder their cheiks, And, to aid the _Great Nation’s_ beneficent plans, Plunder pyramids, catacombs, towns, caravans, Then enlist under Arcolé’s gallant commander, Who will conquer the world like his model ISKANDER. His army each day growing bolder and finer, With the Turcoman tribes he subdues Asia Minor, Beats Paul and his Scythians, his journey pursues Cross the Indus, with tribes of Armenians and Jews, And Bucharians, and Affghans, and Persians, and Tartars,— Chokes the wretched Mogul in his grandmother’s garters, And will hang him to dry in the Luxembourg hall, ’Midst the plunder of Carthage and spoils of Bengal.

Such, we hear, was the plan; but I trust, if we meet ’em, That _savant_ to _savant_, our cargo will beat ’em. Our plan of proceeding I’ll presently tell;— But soft—I am call’d—I must bid you farewell: To attend on our _savans_ my pen I resign, For, it seems, that they _duck_ them on _crossing_ the Line.

* * * * *

We deeply regret this interruption of our oriental poet, and the more so, as the prose letters which we have received from a less learned correspondent do not enable us to explain the tactics of our belligerent philosophers so distinctly as we could have wished. It appears, in general, that the learned Doctor who has the honour of sharing the hammock of the amiable oriental, trusted principally to his superior knowledge in the Greek language, by means of which he hoped to entangle his antagonists in inextricable confusion. DR. DARWIN proposed (as might be expected) his celebrated experiment of the Ice-island,[298] which, being towed on the coast of Africa, could not fail of spoiling the climate, and immediately terrifying and embarrassing the sailors of Buonaparte’s fleet, accustomed to the mild temperature and gentle gales of the Mediterranean, and therefore ill qualified to struggle with this new importation of tempests. DR. BEDDOES was satisfied with the project of communicating to Buonaparte a consumption, of the same nature with that which he formerly tried on himself, but superior in virulence, and therefore calculated to make the most rapid and fatal ravages in the hectic constitution of the Gallic hero. The rest of the plan is quite unintelligible, excepting a hint about Sir J. S.’s intention of proceeding with his ram to the celebrated Oasis, and of bringing away, for the convenience of the Bank, the treasures contained in the temple of Jupiter Ammon.

FOREIGN INTELLIGENCE EXTRAORDINARY.[299]

The Priority of Intelligence which has ever distinguished OUR PAPER will, We trust, receive additional lustre from the extraordinary News which We now lay before the Public. We received it by a Neutral Ship, which arrived in the River last night; and feel ourselves much indebted to the attention of our Correspondent, a Currant Merchant at _Zanté_, for its early communication. Without arrogating to ourselves that merit which is (perhaps) justly our due, We think ourselves justified in asserting that it is not only the earliest, but, if We are not much mistaken, the only account which will appear in the Prints of this Day respecting the Successes of BUONAPARTÉ.

COPY OF A LETTER FROM GENERAL BUONAPARTÉ TO THE COMMANDANT AT ZANTÉ.

“_Athens, 18 Prairial._

“CITIZEN GENERAL,

“Victory still attends us. I inclose you a Copy of a Letter which I have this day written to the Directory. Health and Fraternity.

“BUONAPARTÉ.”

“_Head-Quarters_, Salamis, _18 Prairial_.

“Citizens directors,

“The brave Soldiers, who conferred Liberty on _Rome_, have continued to deserve well of their Country. _Greece_ has joyfully received her Deliverers. The Tree of Liberty is planted on the _Piræus_. Thirty thousand Janizaries, the Slaves of Despotism, had taken possession of the Isthmus of _Corinth_. Two Demi-brigades opened us a passage. After ten days’ fighting, we have driven the _Turks_ from the _Morea_. The _Peloponnesus_ is now free. Every step in my power has been taken to revive the antient spirit of _Sparta_. The Inhabitants of that celebrated City, seeing _black broth_ of my Troops, and the scarcity of specie to which we have been long accustomed, will, I doubt not, soon acquire the frugal virtues of their Ancestors. As a proper measure of precaution, I have removed all PITT’S gold from the Country.

“Off this Island we encountered the Fleet of the SULTAN. The Mahometan Crescent soon fled before the three-coloured flag. Nine Sail of the Line are the fruits of this Victory. The CAPTAIN PACHA’S Ship, a second rate, struck to a National Corvette. My Aide-de-Camp will present you with the model of a _Trireme_, which was found among the Archives of _Athens_. Vessels of this description draw so little water, that our Naval Architects may perhaps think them more eligible than Rafts, for the conveyance of the _Army of England_. Liberty will be sufficiently avenged, if the ruins of a Grecian City furnish us with the means of transporting the Conquerors of _Rome_ to _Britain_.

“On landing at this Island, I participated in a Scene highly interesting to Humanity. A poor Fisherman, of the family of THEMISTOCLES, attended by his Wife, a descendant of the virtuous PHRYNE, fell at my feet. I received him with the Fraternal embrace, and promised him the protection of the Republic. He invited me to supper at his Hut, and in gratitude to his Deliverer presented me with a memorable _Oyster Shell_, inscribed with the Name of his illustrious Ancestor. As this curious piece of antiquity may be of service to some of the DIRECTORY, I have inclosed it in my Dispatches, together with a Marble Tablet, containing the proper form for pronouncing the Sentence of _Ostracism_ on _Royalist Athenians_.

“KLÉBER, whom I had ordered to _Constantinople_, informs me that the Capital of Turkey has proved an easy conquest. _Santa-Sophia_ has been converted into a Temple of Reason; the _Seraglio_ has been purified by _Theo-Philanthropists_, and the liberated Circassians are learning from our Sailors the lessons of Equality and Fraternity. A Detachment has been sent to Troy, for the purpose pf organizing the Department of _Mount Ida_. The Tomb of ACHILLES has been repaired, and the Bust of BRISEIS (which formed part of the Pedestal) restored to its original state, at the expense of the Female Citizen BUONAPARTÉ.

“The Division of the Fleet destined for Egypt has anchored in the Port of _Alexandria_. BERTHIER, who commands this Expedition, informs me that this Port will soon be restored to its ancient pre-eminence; and that its celebrated _Pharos_ will soon be fit to receive the _Reverbères_ which have been sent from the _Rue St. Honoré_.

“BARAGUAY D’HILLIERS, with the Left Wing of the _Army of Egypt_, has fixed his Head-quarters at _Jerusalem_. He is charged to restore the Jews to their ancient Rights. Citizens Jacob Jacobs, Simon Levi, and Benjamin Solomons, of Amsterdam, have been provisionally appointed Directors. The Palace of _Pontius Pilate_ is re-building for their residence. All the vestiges of Superstition in _Palestine_ have been carefully destroyed.

“I beg you will ratify a grant which I have made of the _Temple of the Sun_ at _Palmyra_ to a Society of _Illuminati_ from _Bavaria_. They may be of service in extending our future conquests.

“I have received very satisfactory accounts from DESAIX, who had been sent by BERTHIER with a Demi-brigade into the interior of _Africa_. That fine Country has been too long neglected by Europeans. In manners and civilization it much resembles France, and will soon emulate our virtues. Already does the Torrid Zone glow with the ardour of Freedom. Already has the Altar of Liberty been reared in the _Caffrarian_ and _Equinoctial Republics_. Their regenerated inhabitants have sworn eternal amity to us at a Civic Feast, to which a detachment of our Army was invited. This memorable day would have terminated with the utmost harmony, if the CAFFRARIAN COUNCIL of ANCIENTS had not devoured the greatest part of General Desaix’s État-Major for their supper. I hope our Ambassador will be instructed to require that Civic Feasts of this nature be omitted for the future. The Directory of the _Equinoctial Republic_ regret that the scarcity of British Cloth in Africa, and the great heat of the climate, prevent them from adopting our _costume_.

“We hope soon to liberate the _Hottentots_, and to drive the perfidious _English_ from the extremities of Africa and of Europe. _Asia_, too, will soon be free. The three-coloured flag floats on the summit of Caucasus; the _Tigrine Republic_ is established; the _Cis_ and _Trans-Euphratean Conventions_ are assembled; and soon shall _Arabia_, under the mild influence of _French Principles_, resume her ancient appellation, and be again denominated ‘the HAPPY’.

“In the course of the next Decade I shall sail to the Canal which is now cutting across the _Isthmus of Suez_. The Polytechnic School and Corps of Geographical Engineers are employed in devising means for conveying my heavy artillery across the great Desert. Soon shall _India_ hail us as her Deliverers, and those proud islanders, the _Tyrants of Calcutta_, fall before the _Heroes of Arcola_.

“The Members of the National Institute who accompanied the Squadron to Egypt, have made a large collection of Antiquities for the use of the Republic. Among the scattered remains of the Alexandrine Library, they have found a curious Treatise, in Arabic, respecting _Camels_, from which it appears that Human Beings, by proper treatment, may, like those useful animals, be trained to support thirst and hunger without complaining. Many reams of papyrus have been collected, as it is thought that during the present scarcity of linen and old rags in France, it may answer all the purposes of paper. CLEOPATRA’S celebrated Obelisk has been shipped on board the Admiral’s Ship _L’Orient_, cidevant _Sans Culottes_: Another man-of-war has been freighted with the _Sphinx_, which our Engineers removed from _Grand Cairo_, and which, I trust, will be thought a proper ornament for the Hall of Audience of the Directory.—The cage in which BAJAZET was confined, has been long preserved at _Bassora_; it will be transmitted to Paris as a proper model for a new _Cayenne Diligence_.—I beg leave to present to the Director MERLIN, a very curious book, bound in Morocco leather, from Algiers. It is finely illuminated with gold; and contains lists of the various fees usually received by Deys and their Ministers from Foreign Ambassadors. A broken Column will be sent from _Carthage_. It records the downfall of that Commercial City; and is sufficiently large for an Inscription (if the Directory should think proper to place it on the Banks of the _Thames_), to inform posterity that it marks the spot where _London once stood_.

“Health and Respect, “BUONAPARTÉ.”

No. XXXIV.

July 2, 1798.

ODE TO A JACOBIN. FROM SUCKLING’S ODE TO A LOVER.

I.

UNCHRISTIAN JACOBIN whoever, If, of thy God thou cherish ever One wavering thought; if e’er HIS word Has from one crime thy soul deterr’d,— Know this, Thou think’st amiss; And to think true, Thou must renounce Him all, and think anew.

II.

If, startled at the _guillotine_, Trembling thou touch the dread machine; If, leading sainted Louis to it, Thy steps drew back, thy heart did rue it,— Know this, Thou think’st amiss; And to think true, Must rise ’bove weak remorse, and think anew.

III.

If, callous, thou dost not mistake, And murder for mild Mercy’s sake; And think thou followest Pity’s call, When slaughtered thousands round thee fall,— Know this, Thou think’st amiss; And to think true, Must conquer prejudice, and think anew.

IV.

If, when good men are to be slain, Thou hear’st them plead, nor plead in vain; Or, when thou answerest, if it be With one jot of humanity,— Know this, Thou think’st amiss; And to think true, Must pardon leave to fools, and think anew.

V.

If, when all kings, priests, nobles hated, Lie headless, thy revenge is sated, Nor thirsts to load the reeking block With heads from thine own murd’rous flock,— Know this, Thou think’st amiss; And to think true, Thou must go on in blood, and think anew.

VI.

If, thus, by love of executions, Thou provest thee fit for revolutions; Yet one achieved, to _that_ art true, Nor wouldst begin to change anew,— Know this, Thou think’st amiss; Deem, to think true, All constitutions bad, but those bran new.

[The preceding “ODE TO A JACOBIN” is parodied from the following

ODE TO A LOVER,

BY SIR JOHN SUCKLING.

I.

Honest lover whosoever, If in all thy love was ever One wav’ring thought; if e’er thy flame Were not still even, still the same,— Know this, Thou lov’st amiss; And to love true, Thou must begin again, and love anew.

II.

If, when she appears i’ th’ room, Thou dost not quake, and art struck dumb; And, in striving this to cover, Dost not speak thy words twice over,— Know this, Thou lov’st amiss; And to love true, Thou must begin again, and love anew.

III.

If, fondly, thou dost not mistake, And all defects for graces take, Persuad’st thyself that jests are broken, When she has little or nothing spoken,— Know this, Thou lov’st amiss; And to love true, Thou must begin again, and love anew.

IV.

If, when thou appear’st to be within, Thou let’st not men ask and ask again; And when thou answer’st, if it be To what was ask’d thee, properly,— Know this, Thou lov’st amiss; And to love true, Thou must begin again, and love anew.

V.

If, when thy stomach calls to eat, Thou cut’st not fingers ’stead of meat; And with much gazing on her face, Dost not rise hungry from the place,— Know this, Thou lov’st amiss; And to love true, Thou must begin again, and love anew.

VI.

If, by this thou dost discover That thou art no perfect lover; And desiring to love true, Thou dost begin to love anew,— Know this, Thou lov’st amiss; And to love true, Thou must begin again, and love anew.—ED.]

No. XXXV.

July 9, 1798.

The following popular song is said to be in great vogue among the loyal troops in the North of Ireland. The air and the turn of the composition are highly original. It is attributed (as our correspondent informs us) to a fifer in the Drumballyroney Volunteers.

BALLYNAHINCH.[300] A NEW SONG.

I.

A certain great Statesman[301] whom all of us know, In a certain assembly, no long while ago, Declared from this maxim he never would flinch, “That no town was so _loyal_ as Ballynahinch”.

II.

The great statesman, it seems, had perused all their faces, And been mightily struck with their loyal grimaces; While each townsman had sung, like a throstle or finch, “We are all of us _loyal_ at Ballynahinch”.

III.

The great statesman return’d to his speeches and readings; And the Ballynahinchers resumed their proceedings; They had most of them sworn, “_We’ll be true to the Frinch_,”[302] So _loyal_ a town was this Ballynahinch!

IV.

Determined their landlord’s fine words to make good, They hid pikes in his haggard, cut staves in his wood; And attack’d the king’s troops—the assertion to clinch, That no town is so _loyal_ as Ballynahinch.

V.

O! had we but trusted the _rebels’_ professions, Met their cannon with smiles, and their pikes with concessions; Tho’ they still took an _ell_ when we gave them an _inch_, They would all have been _loyal_—like Ballynahinch.

VIRI ERUDITI,

Si vobis hocce poematium, de navali laude Britanniæ, paucis annis ante conscriptum, nuperrimè recensitum atque emendatum, forté arrideat, quærite in proximis vestris tabulis locum quendam secretum atque securum, ubi repositum suâ sorte perfruatur. Quod si in me hanc gratiam contuleritis, devinctus vobis ero et astrictus beneficio.

ETONENSIS.

DE NAVALI LAUDE BRITANNIÆ.

Successu si freta brevi, fatisque secundis, Europæ sub pace vetet requiescere gentes, Inque dies ruat ulteriús furialibus armis GALLIA, tota instans à sedibus eruere imis Fundamenta, quibus cultæ Commercia vitæ Firmant se subnixa;—tuisne, BRITANNIA, regnis Ecquid ab hoste times; dum te tua saxa tuentur, Dum pelagus te vorticibus spumantibus ambit?

Tu medio stabilita mari, atque ingentibus undis Cincta sedes; nec tu angusto, Vulcania tanquam Trinacris, interclusa sinu; nec faucibus arctis Septa freti brevis, impositisque coercita claustris. Liberiora Tibi spatia, et porrecta sine ullo Limite regna patent (quanto neque maxima quondam Carthago, aut Phœnissa Tyros, ditissima tellus Floruit imperio) confiniaque ultima mundi.

Ergone formidabis adhuc, ne se inferat olim, Et campis impuné tuis superingruat hostis? Usque adeone parúm est, quod laté litora cernas Præruptisturrita jugis, protentaque longo Circuitu, et tutos passim præbentia portus? Præsertim australes ad aquas, Damnoniaque arva, Aut ubi Vecta viret, secessusque insula fidos Efficit objectu laterum; saxosave Dubris Velivolum laté pelagus, camposque liquentes Aeria, adversasque aspectat desuper oras.

Nec levibus sanè auguriis, aut omine nullo Auguror hinc fore perpetuum per secula nomen: Dum nautis tam firma tuis, tam prodiga vitæ Pectora, inexpletâ succensa cupidine famæ, Nec turpi flectenda metu; dum maxima quercus, Majestate excelsa suâ, atque ingentibus umbris, Erigitur, vasto nodosa atque aspera trunco; Silvarum regina. Hæc formidabilis olim Noctem inter mediam nimborum, hyemesque sonantes, Ardua se attollit super æquora; quam neque fluctûs Spumosi attenuat furor, aut violentia venti Frangere, et in medio potis est disrumpere ponto.

Viribus his innixa, saloque accincta frementi, Tu media inter bella sedes; ignara malorum, Quæ tolerant obsessæ urbes, cúm jam hostica clausas Fulminat ad portas acies, vallataque circúm Castra locat, sævisque aditus circumsidet armis.

Talia sunt tibi perpetuæ fundamina famæ, Ante alias diis cara, BRITANNIA! Prælia cerno Inclyta, perpetuos testes quid maxima victrix, Quid possis preclara tuo, maris arbitra, ponto.

Hæc inter, sanctas æternâ laude calendas Servandas recolo, quibus illa, immane minata Gentibus excidium, totum grassata per orbem Ausaque jam imperiis intactum amplectier æquor, Illa odiis lymphata, et libertate recenti GALLIA, disjectam ferali funere classem Indoluit devicta, et non reparabile vulnus. Tempore quo instructas vidit longo ordine puppes Rostratâ certare acie, et concurrere ad arma, Ætheraque impulsu tremere, Uxantisque per undas Lugubre lumen agi, atque rubentem fulgere fumum.

Cerno triumphatas acies, quo tempore IBERÛM Disjectos fastus, lacerisque aplustria velis Horruit Oceanus:—quali formidine Gades Intremere, ut fractâ classem se mole moventem Hospitium petere, et portus videre relictos!

Quid referam, nobis quæ nuper adorea risit, Te rursús superante, die quo decolor ibat Sanguine BELGARUM Rhenus, fluctusque minores Volvebat, frustra indignans polluta cruore Ostia, et Angliaco tremefactas fulmine rupes.

Cerno pias ædes procúl, et regalia quondam Atria, cæruleis quæ preterlabitur undis Velivolus Thamesis; materno ubi denique nautas Excipis amplexu, virtus quoscumque virilis Per pelagi impulerit discrimina, quælibet ausos Pro Patriâ. Híc rude donantur, dulcique senescunt Hospitio emeriti, placidâque quiete potiti Vulnera præteritos jactant testantia casus.

Macte ideó decus Oceani! macte omne per ævum Victrix, æquoreo stabilita BRITANNIA regno! Litoribusque tuis ne propugnacula tantúm Præsidio fore, nec saxi munimina credas, Nec tantúm quæ mille acies in utrumque parantur, Aut patriam tutari, aut non superesse cadenti; Invictæ quantúm metuenda tonitrua CLASSIS, Angliacæ CLASSIS;—quæ majestate verendâ Ultrix, inconcussa, diú dominabitur orbi, Hostibus invidiosa tuis, et sæpe triumphis Nobilitata novis, pelagi Regina subacti.

[TRANSLATION OF THE PRECEDING POEM.[303]

By the late A. F. Westmacott, Esq.

MEN OF LEARNING,

If by chance the following little poem, on the naval glory of Britain, written a few years since, and very lately revised and corrected, please you, look in your nearest tablets for some private and secure place, where it may be placed to enjoy its good fortune. Should you confer on me this favour, I shall be bound to you by the obligation of your kindness.

ETONIAN.

ON THE NAVAL GLORY OF BRITAIN.

If buoy’d by short success and fav’ring chance, Wide Europe’s peace-destroyer, restless France, Each day still onward rush with fresh alarms, And threaten ruin with her furious arms; Ruin to all whereon is based the throne That life’s sweet charities have made their own; Fearest thou, Britain, for thy rock-girt realm, With seas that foam around and whirlpools to o’erwhelm?

Still in the midst of ocean firmly placed, Circled by mighty waves thy seat is based! Not by a strait enclosed, as that fair soil Where Fabled Vulcan plies his fiery toil; Within no narrow bay thy waters roll, No yawning gulf, no barrier rocks control. Wider thy space, thy realm no limit knows, Not Tyre so rich, not Tyrian Carthage rose. Wilt thou yet fear, lest here the haughty foe, Thy fields o’er-run, and still unpunished go! Is it then nought to view th’ extended strand O’er which stern crags like beetling turrets stand, And countless ports in safe embrace expand? Look to thy southern waves, to Devon’s fields, Or where green Vectis[304] trusty harbour yields, Spreading her friendly arms; or Dover’s height Looks on the sea with widespread canvas white, And, perched on high, the liquid plain surveys, And adverse cliffs that bound the wat’ry ways.

Not by vague augury, nor omen slight, I view thy name through endless ages bright; While thy firm crews still prodigal of life Insatiate burn for fame and dare the strife. No coward fear they know, while stands erect The mighty oak with boughs umbrageous decked; Majestic, high, with knotted trunk, the Queen Of woods! Hereafter, o’er the waters seen ’Mid the dim midnight of the sounding storm Aloft ’twill rear the terrors of its form; In vain the roaring surges round it break, In vain the winds their uncurbed vengeance wreak, Throned on such pow’rs, surrounded by the sea, The circling waves have scarce one fear for thee. Thou know’st not ills that towns besieged await, When hostile columns thunder at the gate; Pitch their dread camp with fatal ramparts round, And with fierce arms enclose the leaguered ground.

Such is to thee the base of lasting fame, To Heav’n Britannia still the dearest name! Gladly I view the glories of the fight, Perpetual witnesses of deathless might, To show, bright conqueress, nations yet to be, What dared, what did the mistress of the sea.

’Mid these the day with praise eternal blest Earns memory’s tribute most, when, direful pest, Denouncing ruin to the world, while she Dared grasp the sceptre of the unconquer’d sea, Wild with new license, mad with hatred’s heat France, grieved and humbled, viewed her ruined fleet! Saw how all hopes one fatal wound could mar When well-manned squadrons armed their prows for war! When the sky trembled, and o’er Ushant’s tide Red glared the smoke and sickly light supplied.

I see the conquered lines, what time proud Spain With tattered sailcloths thickly strewed the main; How Cadiz quailed when back the shattered fleet Sought, in the port it left, a safe retreat. Why should I tell what smile of Vict’ry beamed, When Rhine’s fair wave with Belgic slaughter gleamed; When humbled waters tow’rds the sea it sped, Mad that its mouths with native blood were red, While England’s thunders rolled above its rocky bed?

I see afar the domes that crown the tide, Where Thames uncounted sails in triumph glide: Here, the brave souls whom manly courage drove Through the deep’s perils in a holy love Of country, find in thy maternal breast Their toil rewarded and their daring blest! Dismissed at length from duty nobly done They wane in quiet ’neath the noontide sun, Recal the dangers of their byegone wars, And boast appealing to their manhood’s scars.

On in thy race of glory, conqueress, on! For every age thy sea-girt realm is won! Think not the fortress which thy shores uprear, Nor thy rock bulwarks shall inspire such fear, Nor the brave thousands who obey thy call, With thee to rise, or not survive thy fall, As the dread thunders of that untamed host: Thy fleet, Britannia, is thy proudest boast; Awful, majestic, firm; its flag unfurl’d Shall long wave lordly o’er the conquered world; Hateful to foes for triumphs yet to be, The rightful Sovereign of the subject sea.—ED.]

No. XXXVI.[305]

MONDAY, July 9, 1798.

_We shall miss thee; But yet thou shalt have freedom— —So! to the Elements Be free, and fare thou well._ —THE TEMPEST.

We have now completed our Engagement with the Public. The ANTI-JACOBIN has been conducted to the close of the Session in strict conformity with the Principles upon which it was first undertaken.

Its reception with the Public has been highly favourable:—it certainly has been out of proportion to any merit which has appeared in the execution of the Work. This is not said in the mere cant of Authorship. We are sensible that much of our success has been owing to the improved state of the Public mind;—an improvement existing from other causes, and to which, if We have in any degree contributed, it has in return operated to our advantage, by a reaction more than equal to any impression which our exertions could have produced. There is, however, one species of merit to which We lay claim without hesitation:—We mean that of the Spirit and Principles upon which We have acted. That Spirit, We trust We shall leave behind us. The SPELL of _Jacobin invulnerability_ is now broken.[306]

We know from better authority than that of CAMILLE JORDAN, that one of our Daily Papers was, _early_ in the French Revolution, purchased by France, and devoted to the dissemination of tenets, which, at the period to which We allude, seemed necessary to the success of the Ruling Party.

For some time matters went on swimmingly. The Editors of the favoured Prints divided their time and their attention between _London_ and _Paris_; and the superiority of the governing Party in France, over its Opponents, was as duly, and as strenuously maintained in the English Papers, as in the “_Journal du Père de Chène_,”[307] “_Journal par L’Ami du Peuple_,”[308] or any other Journal that issued from the Presses of the Jacobin Society.

As the principles of the Revolution, however, acquired consistency in France, the struggle between the Governing Party and its Opponents became an object of less moment, and the Jacobins had leisure, as they long had had inclination, to turn their views to this Country.

A State, enjoying under a Government which they had proscribed as utterly incapable of producing either, as much freedom and happiness as comport with the nature of Man, was too bitter a satire on the decision of these new SOLONS, to be regarded with patience; and the pens which had been so industriously employed in celebrating the plunderers and perturbators of France, were now engaged in the benevolent design of recommending their principles, and their plans of ameliorating the condition of the human race by Atheism and Plunder, to the serious notice of the People of _Great Britain_.

Affairs seemed rapidly hastening to a crisis: _France_ saw with delight the numbers seduced by the sophistry of her Writers, and by the alluring prospects of proscription and plunder; and her Agents, who snuffed the scent of blood like Vultures, already anticipated the Revolution which they now believed inevitable; when the Ministry, who had viewed the progress of the evil with an anxious but unterrified eye, roused themselves into unexampled energy, and called on the Nation to rally round the Constitution which they had received from their Forefathers.

The call was gloriously answered;—Thousands and tens of thousands sprung forth in its defence; and the barbarous hordes which so lately threatened its destruction, overawed by their numbers, shrunk from the contest without a struggle, and vanished from the field.

But the nature of a Jacobin is restless. His hatred of all subordination is unbounded, and his thirst of plunder and blood urgent and insatiable. In arms he found himself infinitely too weak to obtain his purpose; he must, therefore, have recourse again to artifice; and by fallacies and lies, endeavoured to subvert and betray the judgment of those he could not openly hope to subdue.

For this purpose, the Press was engaged, and almost monopolized in all its branches: Reviews, Registers, Monthly Magazines, and Morning and Evening Prints, sprung forth in abundance.

Of these last (the only Publications with which We have any immediate concern), it is not too much to say, that they have laboured in the cause of infamy, with a perseverance which no sense of shame could repress, and no dread of punishment overcome. The objects committed to their charge were multifarious. They were to revile all Religions, but particularly the Christian, whose DIVINE FOUNDER was to be blasphemously compared to _Bacchus_, and represented as equally ideal, or, if real, more bestial and besotted! They were to magnify the power of _France_, on all occasions; to deny her murders; to palliate her robberies; to suppress all mention of her miseries, and to hold her forth to the unenlightened Englishman as the mirror of justice, and truth, and generosity, and meekness, and humanity, and moderation, and tender forbearance:—and, on the other hand, they were to depreciate the spirit, and the courage, and the resources of _England_: they were to impede, if possible, and if not, to ridicule and revile, every measure which the honour, the prosperity, or the safety of the Country might imperiously require; they were to represent the Government as insidiously aiming to enslave the Nation, by every attempt to maintain its Independence; and the majority of both Houses, the great body of Proprietors, as anxious to scatter and confound that wealth, which _their_ Patrons alone, the respectable sweepings of _Craven-House_, and the _Crown_ and _Anchor_ Tavern, were solicitous to augment and preserve.

These, our readers will allow, were no common objects, and if they have looked into the _Morning Chronicle_, _Morning Post_, and _Courier_ Journals to which our attention has been chiefly directed, they must have seen that their attainment was sought by no common means; by an _invariable_ course of Falsehood and Misrepresentation—such, at least, was our idea on the first perusal of these Papers, an idea which every succeeding one served to strengthen and confirm.

To detect and expose this Falsehood, and to correct this Misrepresentation, became at length an object of indispensable necessity: a variety of applications of the most malignant nature had obtained currency and credit, from the unblushing impudence with which they were first obtruded on the Public by the Agents of Sedition, and the apathy with which they were suffered to pass uncontradicted by those who despised them for their atrocity, or ridiculed them for their folly:—these were unfortunately operating on the less enlightened part of the Nation; and it was from a full conviction of the pernicious effects they were calculated to produce, that we finally determined to step forth (after patiently waiting to see whether the business would not be taken up by abler hands), and to oppose such antidotes to the evil, as a regard for truth, and a sincere love and veneration for the Constitution under which we have flourished for ages, could supply.

How we have succeeded must be left to the judgment of the Public. If we might venture, indeed, to conjecture from the support which we have experienced, the result would be flattering in an unusual degree. Three complete Editions of our Paper (a circumstance, we believe, as yet without a precedent) have been disposed of, and the demand for them still increases.

But the motives of Profit, as will readily, we believe, be granted to us, have little influence on our minds: we contemplate the extensive circulation of our Paper with pleasure, solely from the consideration of the VAST NUMBERS of our Countrymen whom we have fortified by our animadversions against the profligate attacks of the Agents of Sedition, whether furnished by the _Whig Club_, the _Corresponding Society_, or the _Directory of France_.

Calculation was not originally our delight. Nor was it till after we saw the wonderful effects which it produced in the pages of the Jacobinical Arithmeticians that we were tempted to adopt it. Our first Essay, however, was crowned with the most complete success. In our Seventh Number, we gave (still following the laudable example of the Jacobins, who, when a Ship is to be fitted out, or a Regiment raised, for the purpose of defending our Country from an insolent and barbarous foe, nicely calculate how many idle mouths might be fed by the sums required)—We gave, we say, as accurate a statement as we could form, of the number of People that might be supplied with wholesome food for one day, by the SURCHARGE levied on the DUKE OF BEDFORD—a statement which, we are happy to add, placed the matter in so clear a light that we have since had no occasion to repeat it.

Our Readers will not _now_ be surprised if we again have recourse to _Calculation_ to prove the advantages which (we love to flatter ourselves) have been derived from our Paper. Our Sale (to say nothing of the new Editions which have been disposed of) has regularly amounted to _Two Thousand Five Hundred_ a week; on an average of several Papers, we find the Lies which have been detected to amount to _six_, and the Misrepresentations and Mistakes to _an equal number_. This furnishes a total of _twelve_, which, multiplied by _thirty-five_, the number of the last ANTI-JACOBIN, gives a total of _four hundred and twenty_.

If we now take the number of Subscribers (2500) and multiply them by seven, a number of which every one’s family may be reasonably supposed to consist, we shall have a product of 17,500; but as many of these have made a practice, which we highly approve, and cannot too earnestly recommend, of lending our Papers to their poorer Neighbours, We must make our addition to the sum which We evidently take too low at 32,500. We have thus an aggregate of 50,000 People, a most respectable minority of the Readers of the whole Kingdom, who have been put effectually on their guard, by our humble though earnest endeavours, against the artifices of the seditious, and the more open attacks of the profligate and abandoned Foes of their Constitution, their Country, and their God.

Further, if we multiply 50,000, the number of Readers, by 420, the exact number of Falsehoods detected—say 500—for We ought to take in bye-blows, and odd refutations in notes, &c.—the total of Twenty-five Millions will represent the aggregate of Falsehood which We have sent out of the World.

We have more than once repeated that we entered upon this part of our task, not from any vain hope of convincing the Writers themselves. We knew this to be impossible; the forehead of a _Jacobin_, like the shield of AJAX, is formed of seven bull-hides, and utterly incapable of any impression of shame or remorse—but we are convinced that we have rescued, as we stated above, Fifty Thousand persons from their machinations, and taught them not only a salutary distrust, but a contempt and disbelief, of every laboured article which appears in the Papers of this description.

Nor can We be accused of presumption in this declaration, when it is considered that the conviction on which We so confidently rely is not the effect of a _solitary_ impression on our Readers’ minds, but of one four hundred and twenty times repeated (this being the fair amount of the number of Lies, &c., We have detected)—an agglomeration of impulse which no prejudice could resist and no preconceived partialities weaken or remove.

Here then We rest. We trust We have “done the State some service”;—We have driven the Jacobins from many strongholds to which they most tenaciously held.[309] We have exposed their Principles, detected their Motives, weakened their Authority, and overthrown their Credit. We have shewn them in every instance, ignorant, and designing, and false, and wicked, and turbulent, and anarchical—various in their language, but united in their plans, and steadily pursuing through hatred and contempt, the destruction of their Country.

With this impression on the Minds of our Readers WE TAKE OUR LEAVE of them. Their welfare is in their own hands; if they suffer the Jacobins to regain any of the influence of which We have deprived them, they will compromise their own Safety; but WE shall be blameless—_Liberavimus animas nostras_.—WE HAVE DONE OUR DUTY.

POETRY.

_New Morality._

From mental mists to purge a nation’s eyes; To animate the weak, unite the wise; To trace the deep infection that pervades The crowded town, and taints the rural shades; To mark how wide extends the mighty waste O’er the fair realms of Science, Learning, Taste; To drive and scatter all the brood of lies, And chase the varying falsehood as it flies; The long arrears of ridicule to pay, To drag reluctant dulness back to day; 10 Much yet remains.—To you these themes belong, Ye favoured sons of virtue and of song!

Say, is the field too narrow? are the times Barren of folly, and devoid of crimes?

Yet, venial vices, in a milder age, Could rouse the warmth of POPE’S satiric rage: The doating miser, and the lavish heir, The follies and the foibles of the fair, Sir Job, Sir Balaam, and old Euclio’s thrift, And Sappho’s diamonds with her dirty shift, 20 Blunt, Charteris, Hopkins,—meaner subjects fired The keen-eyed Poet; while the Muse inspired Her ardent child—entwining, as he sate, His laurel’d chaplet with the thorns of hate.

But say,—indignant does the Muse retire, Her shrine deserted, and extinct its fire? No pious hand to feed the sacred flame, No raptured soul a poet’s charge to claim?

Bethink thee, GIFFORD; when some future age Shall trace the promise of thy playful page;— 30 “[310]The hand which brushed a swarm of fools away Should rouse to grasp a more reluctant prey!”— Think then, will pleaded indolence excuse The tame secession of thy languid Muse?

Ah! where is now that promise? why so long Sleep the keen shafts of satire and of song? Oh! come, with taste and virtue at thy side, With ardent zeal inflamed, and patriot pride; With keen poetic glance direct the blow, And empty all thy quiver on the foe:— 40 No pause—no rest—till weltering on the ground The poisonous hydra lies, and pierced with many a wound.

Thou too!—the nameless Bard,[311]—whose honest zeal For law, for morals, for the public weal, Pours down impetuous on thy country’s foes The stream of verse, and many-languaged prose; Thou too! though oft thy ill-advised dislike The guiltless head with random censure strike,— Though quaint allusions, vague and undefined, Play faintly round the ear, but mock the mind;— 50 Through the mix’d mass yet truth and learning shine, And manly vigour stamps the nervous line; And patriot warmth the generous rage inspires, And wakes and points the desultory fires!

Yet more remain unknown:—for who can tell What bashful genius, in some rural cell, As year to year, and day succeeds to day, In joyless leisure wastes his life away? In him the flame of early fancy shone; His genuine worth his old companions own; 60 In childhood and in youth their chief confess’d, His master’s pride, his pattern to the rest. Now, far aloof retiring from the strife Of busy talents, and of active life, As from the loop-holes of retreat he views Our stage, verse, pamphlets, politics, and news, He loathes the world,—or, with reflections sad, Concludes it irrecoverably mad; Of taste, of learning, morals, all bereft, No hope, no prospect to redeem it left. 70

Awake! for shame! or e’er thy nobler sense Sink in th’ oblivious pool of indolence! Must wit be found alone on falsehood’s side, Unknown to truth, to virtue unallied? Arise! nor scorn thy country’s just alarms; Wield in her cause thy long-neglected arms: Of lofty satire pour th’ indignant strain, Leagued with her friends, and ardent to maintain ’Gainst Learning’s, Virtue’s, Truth’s, Religion’s foes, A kingdom’s safety, and the world’s repose. 80

If Vice appal thee,—if thou view with awe Insults that brave, and crimes that ’scape the law; Yet may the specious bastard brood, which claim A spurious homage under Virtue’s name, Sprung from that parent of ten thousand crimes, The _New Philosophy_ of modern times,— Yet, these may rouse thee!—With unsparing hand, Oh, lash the vile impostures from the land!

First, stern PHILANTHROPY:—not she, who dries The orphan’s tears, and wipes the widow’s eyes; 90 Not she, who sainted Charity her guide, Of British bounty pours the annual tide:— But _French_ PHILANTHROPY;—whose boundless mind Glows with the general love of all mankind;— PHILANTHROPY,—beneath whose baneful sway Each patriot passion sinks, and dies away.

Taught in her school to imbibe thy mawkish strain, CONDORCET, filtered through the dregs of PAINE, Each pert adept disowns a Briton’s part, And plucks the name of ENGLAND from his heart. 100

What! shall a name, a word, a sound, control Th’ aspiring thought, and cramp th’ expansive soul? Shall one half-peopled Island’s rocky round A love, that glows for all creation, bound? And social charities contract the plan Framed for thy freedom, UNIVERSAL MAN! No—through th’ extended globe his feelings run As broad and general as th’ unbounded sun! No narrow bigot _he_;—_his_ reason’d view Thy interests, _England_, ranks with thine, _Peru_! 110 _France_ at our doors, _he_ sees no danger nigh, But heaves for _Turkey’s_ woes th’ impartial sigh; A steady patriot of the world alone, The friend of every country—but his own.

Next comes a gentler Virtue.—Ah! beware Lest the harsh verse her shrinking softness scare. Visit her not too roughly;—the warm sigh Breathes on her lips;—the tear-drop gems her eye. Sweet SENSIBILITY, who dwells enshrined In the fine foldings of the feeling mind; 120 With delicate _Mimosa’s_ sense endued, Who shrinks instinctive from a hand too rude; Or, like the _Anagallis_, prescient flower, Shuts her soft petals at the approaching shower.

Sweet child of sickly FANCY!—her of yore From her loved _France_ ROUSSEAU to exile bore; And, while ’midst lakes and mountains wild he ran, Full of himself, and shunn’d the haunts of man, Taught her o’er each lone vale and Alpine steep To lisp the story of his wrongs, and weep; 130 Taught her to cherish still in either eye, Of tender tears a plentiful supply, And pour them in the brooks that babbled by; Taught by nice scale to mete her feelings strong, False by degrees, and exquisitely wrong; For the crush’d beetle, _first_,—the widow’d dove, And all the warbled sorrows of the grove; _Next_ for poor suff’ring _Guilt_; and _last_ of all, For parents, friends, a king and country’s fall.

Mark her fair votaries, prodigal of grief, 140 With cureless pangs, and woes that mock relief, Droop in soft sorrow o’er a faded flower; O’er a dead Jack-Ass pour the pearly shower; But hear, unmoved, of _Loire’s_ ensanguined flood, Choked up with slain; of _Lyons_ drenched in blood; Of crimes that blot the age, the world, with shame, Foul crimes, but sicklied o’er with Freedom’s name; Altars and thrones subverted; social life Trampled to earth,—the husband from the wife, Parent from child, with ruthless fury torn,— 150 Of talents, honour, virtue, wit, forlorn, In friendless exile,—of the wise and good Staining the daily scaffold with their blood,— Of savage cruelties, that scare the mind, The rage of madness with hell’s lusts combined,— Of hearts torn reeking from the mangled breast,— They hear,—and hope that ALL IS FOR THE BEST.

Fond hope! but JUSTICE sanctifies the prayer— JUSTICE! here, Satire, strike! ’twere sin to spare! Not she in British Courts that takes her stand, 160 The dawdling balance dangling in her hand, Adjusting punishments to fraud and vice, With scrupulous quirks, and disquisition nice: But firm, erect, with keen reverted glance, Th’ avenging angel of regenerate _France_, Who visits ancient sins on modern times, And punishes the POPE for CÆSAR’S crimes.[312]

Such is the liberal JUSTICE which presides In these our days, and modern patriots guides;— JUSTICE, whose blood-stain’d book one sole decree, 170 One statute, fills—“the People shall be Free!” Free! By what means?—by folly, madness, guilt, By boundless rapines, blood in oceans spilt; By confiscation, in whose sweeping toils The poor man’s pittance with the rich man’s spoils, Mix’d in one common mass, are swept away, To glut the short-lived tyrant of the day;— By laws, religion, morals, all o’erthrown:— Rouse, then, ye sovereign people, claim your own: The license that enthrals, the truth that blinds, 180 The wealth that starves you, and the power that grinds! So JUSTICE bids.—’Twas her enlighten’d doom, Louis, thy holy head devoted to the tomb! ’Twas JUSTICE claim’d, in that accurséd hour, The fatal forfeit of too lenient power. Mourn for the Man we may;—but for the King,— Freedom, oh! Freedom’s such a charming thing!

“Much may be said on both sides.”—Hark! I hear A well-known voice that murmurs in my ear,— The voice of CANDOUR.—Hail! most solemn sage, 190 Thou drivelling virtue of this moral age, CANDOUR, which softens party’s headlong rage. CANDOUR,—which spares its foes;—nor e’er descends With bigot zeal to combat for its friends. CANDOUR,—which loves in see-saw strain to tell Of _acting foolishly_, but _meaning well_; Too nice to praise by wholesale, or to blame, Convinced that _all_ men’s _motives_ are the same; And finds, with keen discriminating sight, BLACK’S not _so_ black;—nor WHITE _so very_ white. 200

“FOX, to be sure, was vehement and wrong: But then, PITT’S words, you’ll own, were _rather_ strong. Both must be blamed, both pardon’d; ’twas just so With FOX and PITT full forty years ago! So WALPOLE, PULTENEY;—factions in all times Have had their follies, ministers their crimes.”

Give me th’ avow’d, th’ erect, the manly foe, Bold I can meet—perhaps may turn his blow; But of all plagues, good Heav’n, thy wrath can send, Save, save, oh! save me from the _Candid Friend_! 210

“BARRAS loves plunder, MERLIN takes a bribe,— What then!—shall CANDOUR these good men proscribe? No! ere we join the loud-accusing throng, Prove,—not the facts,—but, that _they thought them wrong_.

“Why hang O’QUIGLEY?—he, misguided man, In sober thought his country’s weal _might_ plan: And, while his deep-wrought Treason sapp’d the throne, _Might_ act from _taste in morals_, all his own.”

Peace to such Reasoners! let them have their way; Shut their dull eyes against the blaze of day; 220 PRIESTLEY’S a Saint, and STONE a Patriot still; And LA FAYETTE a Hero, if they will.

I love the bold uncompromising mind, Whose principles are fix’d, whose views defined; Who scouts and scorns, in canting CANDOUR’S spite, All _taste in morals_, innate sense of right, And Nature’s impulse, all uncheck’d by art, And feelings fine, that float about the heart: Content, for good men’s guidance, bad men’s awe, On moral truth to rest, and Gospel law. 230 Who owns, when Traitors feel th’ avenging rod, Just retribution, and the hand of GOD; Who hears the groans through _Olmütz_’ roofs that ring, Of him who mock’d, misled, betray’d his King— Hears unappall’d, though Faction’s zealots preach, Unmov’d, unsoften’d by FITZPATRICK’S Speech.[313]

That Speech on which the melting Commons hung, “While truths divine came mended from _his_ tongue”; How loving husband clings to duteous wife,— How pure Religion soothes the ills of life,— 240 How Popish ladies trust their pious fears And naughty actions in their chaplains’ ears.— Half novel and half sermon, on it flow’d; With pious zeal THE OPPOSITION glow’d; And as o’er each the soft infection crept, Sigh’d as he whin’d, and as he whimper’d, wept;— E’en CURWEN[314] dropt a sentimental tear, And stout ST. ANDREW yelp’d a softer “Hear!”

· · · · ·

Oh! nurse of crimes and fashions! which in vain Our colder servile spirits would attain, 250 How do we ape thee, _France!_ but, blundering still, Disgrace the pattern by our want of skill. The borrow’d step our awkward gait reveals: (As clumsy COURTENAY[315] mars the verse he steals.) How do we ape thee, _France!_—nor claim alone Thy arts, thy tastes, thy morals, for our own, 260 But to thy WORTHIES render homage due, Their[316] “hair-breadth scapes” with anxious interest view; Statesmen and Heroines whom this age adores, Though plainer times would call them Rogues and Whores. 260

See LOUVET, patriot, pamphleteer, and sage, Tempering with amorous fire his virtuous rage. Form’d for all tasks, his various talents see, The luscious Novel, the severe Decree. Then mark him welt’ring in his nasty sty, Bare his lewd transports to the public eye. Not _his_ the love in silent groves that strays, Quits the rude world, and shuns the vulgar gaze. In LODOISKA’S full possession blest, One craving void still aches within his breast; 270 Plunged in the filth and fondness of her arms, Not to himself alone he stints her charms; Clasp’d in each other’s foul embrace they lie, But know no joy, unless the World stands by. The fool of vanity, for her alone He lives, loves, writes, and dies but to be known.

His widow’d mourner flies to poison’s aid, Eager to join her LOUVET’S parted shade In those bright realms where sainted lovers stray, But harsh emetics tear that hope away.[317] 280 Yet hapless LOUVET! where thy bones are laid, The easy nymphs shall consecrate the shade.[318] There in the laughing morn of genial spring, Unwedded pairs shall tender couplets sing; Eringoes o’er the hallow’d spot shall bloom, And flies of Spain buzz softly round the tomb.[319]

But hold, severer virtue claims the Muse— ROLAND the just, with ribands in his shoes—[320] And ROLAND’S spouse, who paints with chaste delight The doubtful conflict of her nuptial night;— 290 Her virgin charms what fierce attacks assail’d, And how the rigid Minister[321] prevail’d.

And ah! what verse can grace thy stately mien, Guide of the world, preferment’s golden queen, NECKAR’S fair daughter,—STAEL the Epicene! Bright o’er whose flaming cheek and pumple[322] nose The bloom of young desire unceasing glows! Fain would the Muse—but ah! she dares no more, A mournful voice from lone _Guyana’s_ shore,[323] Sad QUATREMER-the bold presumption checks, 300 Forbid to question thy ambiguous sex.

To thee, proud BARRAS bows;—thy charms control REWBELL’S brute rage, and MERLIN’S subtle soul; Rais’d by thy hands, and fashion’d to thy will, Thy power, thy guiding influence, governs still, Where at the blood-stain’d board expert he plies, The lame artificer of fraud and lies; He with the mitred head and cloven heel;— Doom’d the coarse edge of REWBELL’S jests to feel;[324] To stand the playful buffet, and to hear 310 The frequent ink-stand whizzing past his ear; While all the five Directors laugh to see “The limping priest so deft at his new ministry”.[325]

Last of th’ ANOINTED FIVE behold, and least, The Directorial LAMA, Sovereign Priest,— LEPAUX;—whom atheists worship;—at whose nod Bow their meek heads _the Men without a God_.[326]

Ere long, perhaps, to this astonish’d isle, Fresh from the shores of subjugated _Nile_, Shall BUONAPARTE’S victor fleet protect 320 The genuine Theo-Philanthropic sect,— The sect of MARAT, MIRABEAU, VOLTAIRE,— Led by their Pontiff, good LA RÉVEILLÈRE. Rejoiced our CLUBS shall greet him, and install The holy Hunchback in thy dome, _St. Paul_! While countless votaries, thronging in his train, Wave their red caps, and hymn this jocund strain:—

“_Couriers and Stars_, Sedition’s evening host, Thou _Morning Chronicle_ and _Morning Post_, Whether ye make the Rights of Man your theme, 330 Your country libel, and your God blaspheme, Or dirt on private worth and virtue throw, Still, blasphemous or blackguard, praise LEPAUX!

“And ye five other wandering bards, that move In sweet accord of harmony and love, COLERIDGE and SOUTHEY, LLOYD, and LAMB & CO. Tune all your mystic harps to praise LEPAUX!

“PRIESTLEY and WAKEFIELD, humble, holy men, Give praises to his name with tongue and pen!

“THELWALL, and ye that lecture as ye go, 340 And for your pains get pelted, praise LEPAUX!

“Praise him each Jacobin, or Fool, or Knave, And your cropp’d heads in sign of worship wave!

“All creeping creatures, venomous and low, PAINE, WILLIAMS, GODWIN, HOLCROFT, praise LEPAUX!

“—— and —— with —— join’d,[327] And every other beast after his kind.

“And thou, _Leviathan_! on ocean’s brim Hugest of living things that sleep and swim; Thou, in whose nose, by BURKE’S gigantic hand 350 The hook was fixed to drag thee to the land, With ——, ——, and ——, in thy train, And —— wallowing in the yeasty main,—[328] Still as ye snort, and puff, and spout, and blow, In puffing, and in spouting, praise LEPAUX!”

· · · · ·

BRITAIN, beware; nor let th’ insidious foe, Of force despairing, aim a deadlier blow; Thy Peace, thy Strength, with devilish wiles assail, And when her Arms are vain, by Arts prevail. True, thou art rich, art powerful!—thro’ thine Isle 360 Industrious skill, contented labour, smile; Far Seas are studded with thy countless sails; What wind but wafts them, and what shore but hails! True, thou art brave!—o’er all the busy land In patriot ranks embattled myriads stand; Thy foes behold with impotent amaze And drop the lifted weapon as they gaze

But what avails to guard each outward part, If subtlest poison, circling at thy heart, Spite of thy courage, of thy pow’r, and wealth, 370 Mine the sound fabric of thy vital health?

So thine own Oak, by some fair streamlet’s side, Waves its broad arms, and spreads its leafy pride, Tow’rs from the earth, and rearing to the skies Its conscious strength, the tempest’s wrath defies. Its ample branches shield the fowls of air, To its cool shade the panting herds repair. The treacherous current works its noiseless way, The fibres loosen, and the roots decay; Prostrate the beauteous ruin lies; and all 380 That shared its shelter, perish in its fall.

O thou! lamented SAGE! whose prescient scan Pierc’d through foul Anarchy’s gigantic plan, Prompt to incredulous hearers to disclose The guilt of _France_, and Europe’s world of woes;— Thou, on whose name each distant age shall gaze, The mighty sea-mark of these troubled days! O large of soul, of genius unconfin’d, Born to delight, instruct, and mend mankind! BURKE! in whose breast a Roman ardour glow’d; 390 Whose copious tongue with Grecian richness flow’d; Well hast thou found (if such thy country’s doom), A timely refuge in the sheltering tomb!

As, in far realms, where eastern kings are laid, In pomp of death, beneath the cypress shade, The perfum’d lamp with unextinguish’d light Flames through the vault, and cheers the gloom of night: So, mighty BURKE! in thy sepulchral urn, To Fancy’s view, the lamp of Truth shall burn. Thither late times shall turn their reverent eyes, 400 Led by thy light, and by thy wisdom wise.

There _are_, to whom (_their_ taste such pleasures cloy) No light thy wisdom yields, thy wit no joy. Peace to their heavy heads, and callous hearts, Peace—such as sloth, as ignorance imparts! Pleas’d may they live to plan their country’s good, And crop with calm content their flow’ry food!

What though thy venturous spirit loved to urge The labouring theme to Reason’s utmost verge, Kindling and mounting from th’ enraptur’d sight; 410 Still anxious wonder watch’d thy daring flight! While vulgar minds, with mean malignant stare, Gazed up, the triumph of thy fall to share! Poor triumph! price of that extorted praise, Which still to daring Genius Envy pays.

Oh! for thy playful smile, thy potent frown, To abash bold Vice, and laugh pert Folly down! So should the Muse, in Humour’s happiest vein, With verse that flowed in metaphoric strain, And apt allusions to the rural trade, 420 Tell of _what wood young_ JACOBINS _are made_; How the skill’d gardener grafts with nicest rule The _slip_ of coxcomb on the _stock_ of fool; Forth in bright blossom bursts the tender sprig, A thing to wonder at—[329] perhaps a _Whig_: Should tell, how wise each half-fledged pedant prates Of weightiest matters, grave distinctions states, That rules of policy, and public good, In Saxon times were rightly understood; That kings are proper, _may be_ useful things, 430 But then, some gentlemen object to kings; That in all times the minister’s to blame; That British liberty’s an empty name, Till each fair burgh, numerically free, Shall choose its members by _the Rule of Three_.

So should the Muse, with verse in thunder clothed, Proclaim the crimes by God and Nature loathed. Which—when fell poison revels in the veins— (That poison fell, which frantic _Gallia_ drains From the crude fruit of Freedom’s blasted tree) 440 Blot the fair records of Humanity.

To feebler nations let proud _France_ afford Her damning choice,—the chalice or the sword, To drink or die;—O fraud! O specious lie! Delusive choice! for _if_ they drink, they die.

The Sword we dread not:—of ourselves secure, Firm were our strength, our peace and freedom sure. Let all the world confederate all its powers, “Be they not backed by those that should be ours,” High on his rock shall BRITAIN’S GENIUS stand, 450 Scatter the crowded hosts, and vindicate the land.

Guard we but our own Hearts: with constant view To ancient morals, ancient manners true; True to the manlier virtues, such as nerv’d Our fathers’ breasts, and this proud Isle preserv’d For many a rugged age: and scorn the while Each philosophic atheist’s specious guile; The soft seductions, the refinements nice, Of gay Morality, and easy Vice; So shall we brave the storm; our ’stablish’d pow’r Thy refuge, EUROPE, in some happier hour. 461 But, FRENCH _in heart_, though Victory crown our brow, Low at our feet though prostrate Nations bow, Wealth gild our Cities, Commerce crowd our shore, LONDON MAY SHINE, but ENGLAND is NO MORE!

FOREIGN INTELLIGENCE.

In the last Address which We shall have to make to the Public, We would willingly review the whole of what has been advanced by Us under the different Heads of our Paper, and leave behind us a Summary of our Opinions upon the state of each subject as We found it, and as We conceive it to stand at the moment when our labours are concluded.

Upon no point, if We are to speak our sincere opinion, is the task more easily to be executed, or in a less compass, than in what relates to Foreign Politics.

In other times, the relations of States to each other have been matter of great study, and difficulty; have been embarrassed with a diversity of views, and a complication of interests, which it might require much experience to calculate, and much political sagacity to reconcile.

At present, there is but one relation among all the States of Europe:—one, at least, there is so paramount, as to confound and swallow up all inferior considerations.

FRANCE IS BENT ON THE CONQUEST AND RUIN OF THEM ALL. To repel this Conquest, to ward off this ruin, various means are tried, according to the power or the prudence of the different Nations. War, Treaty, Supplication, Bribery, timid Neutrality, implicit Submission, and, finally, an Incorporation into the Map of the _Great Republic_, are all at this moment exemplified in the conduct of the Countries which surround us.

Our lot, a lot imposed upon us by necessity, but which if it were not so imposed upon us, whoever is not blind, judicially blind to the conduct of _France_ towards us, and every other Country, would claim by choice, is WAR.

The relation in which we may stand to the other States of Europe, or they to each other, is comparatively of little moment. They may reciprocate Missions, and propose Treaties,—the _Ligurian Republic_ may make Peace or War with the _Cisalpine_; the _Cisalpine_ with the _Roman_;—either of them with the KING of SARDINIA, with _Tuscany_, or with _Naples_; and the greater Powers may mediate, or embroil the quarrel, may offer their protection, and talk of their Dignity:—But the question does not lie there.—_France_ has the power and the will to controul, to oppress them altogether; to limit or extend their Boundaries, as she sees good; to approve or annul their Internal Regulations, as well as their stipulations with each other: And while she has that power, whether it be by strength in herself, or by the sufferance of others; whether she may choose to vex and harass them in mass, or detail; to keep peace between them, or to set them at variance; to work their revolutions by her own arms, or to delegate that sacred office to their neighbours; or, finally, to insist upon their performing it each for themselves;—the result to us is the same. The People of Europe are equally enslaved;—it matters not whether they are manacled separately, or bolted to the links of a long chain which connects and coerces them in a fellowship of misery.

_Mortalia corda Per gentes humilis stravit pavor._

To Us, the relation of these unhappy Powers, is either that of Friends forced into a Foreign Army to fight against us, or placed, hand-cuffed, on the Deck of a Line of Battle Ship to receive our fire—or it is that of a Captive languishing in a Dungeon against which We are making an attack, and who does not dare to acknowledge his Friend, till he can hail him as his Deliverer.

The Contest between _Great Britain_ and _France_, then, is not for the existence of the former only, but for the Freedom of the World. To look to partial Interests, to talk of partial Successes, as bearing upon the main object and general issue of the War, is to take a narrow and pitiful view of the most momentous and most tremendous subject that ever was brought under the consideration of mankind.

If _Great Britain_, insensible of what she owes to herself and to the World, flinches (for she _cannot fall_), in the Contest;—she throws away not herself alone, but the peace and happiness of Nations. If she maintain herself stoutly;—to speculate on the mode, the time, the means by which success adequate to the immensity of the object at stake is to be attained, were, indeed, presumptuous;—but We risk, without apprehension of being thought sanguine in our hopes and expectations, or of being contradicted by the event, the sentiment of the greatest Orator of ancient times—“It is not, it cannot be possible, that an Empire founded on injustice, on rapacity, on perfidy, on the contempt and disregard of everything sacred towards God, or among Men;—it is not possible that such an Empire should endure.”

NOTES TO “NEW MORALITY”.

JOSEPH PRIESTLEY, LL.D. (page 278).

“I have read a communication from GEORGE III. to one of his ministers, on the subject of the riots in which PRIESTLEY’S house was burned. HIS MAJESTY says, in his short emphatic way, that the riots must be stopped _immediately_; that no man’s house must be left in peril; and then he orders the march of certain troops, &c., to restore peace; and concludes with saying that, as the mischief did occur, it was impossible not to be pleased at its having fallen on PRIESTLEY rather than another, that he might _feel_ the wickedness of the doctrines of democracy which he was propagating.”—_J. W. Croker_ (_MS._).—[ED.]

MADAME DE STAEL (page 282).

“MADAME DE STAEL was at Mickleham, in Surrey, in 1793, with Talleyrand, Narbonne, Jaucourt, Guibert (who proposed to her), and others. There was not a little scandal about her relations with Narbonne (see Fanny Burney’s Letters). Narbonne’s place was supplied by Benjamin Constant, who had a very great influence over her, as in return she had over him. At Coppet, she found consolation in a young officer of Swiss origin, named Rocca, twenty-three years her junior, whom she married privately in 1811. She had married Baron de Stael in 1786, and in 1797 they separated. He died in 1802; and she in 1817.”—_Life of Mad. de Stael, by A. Stevens_, 1880.

“On the 28th of January” (says Crabb Robinson in his _Diary_, 1804), “I first waited on MADAME DE STAEL. I was shown into her bedroom, for which, not knowing Parisian customs, I was unprepared. She was sitting, most decorously, in her bed, and writing. She had her night-cap on, and her face was not made up for the day. It was by no means a captivating spectacle, but I had a very cordial reception, and two bright black eyes smiled benignantly on me. After a warm expression of her pleasure at making my acquaintance, she dismissed me till three o’clock. On my return then I found a very different person——the accomplished Frenchwoman surrounded by admirers, some of whom were themselves distinguished. Among them was the aged WIELAND. There was on this, and, I believe, on almost every other, occasion, but one lady among the guests: in this instance FRAU VON KALB. MADAME DE STAEL did not affect to conceal her preference for the society of men to that of her own sex.”

COUNT D’ORSAY related of MADAME DE STAEL, whose character was discussed, that one day, being on a sofa with MADAME DE RÉCAMIER, one who placed himself between them exclaimed: “Me voilà entre la beauté et l’esprit!” She replied: “That is the first time I was ever complimented for beauty!” MADAME DE RÉCAMIER was thought the handsomest woman in Paris, but was by no means famed for _esprit_.—_Crabb Robinson’s Diary._

“MADAME DE STAEL was a perfect aristocrat, and her sympathies were wholly with the great and prosperous. She saw nothing in England but the luxury, stupidity, and pride of the Tory aristocracy, and the intelligence and magnificence of the Whig aristocracy. The latter talked about truth and liberty and herself, and she supposed it was all as it should be. As to the millions, the people, she never enquired into their situation. She had a horror of the _canaille_, but anything of _sangre azul_ had a charm for her. When she was dying she said; ‘Let me die in peace; let my last moments be undisturbed’. Yet she ordered the cards of every visitor to be brought to her. Among them was one from the DUC DE RICHELIEU. ‘What!’ exclaimed she, indignantly; ‘what! have you sent away the DUKE? Hurry. Fly after him. Bring him back. Tell him that though I die for all the world, I live for _him_.’”—_Bowring’s Autobr. Recollections_, pp. 375–6.

MADAME DE STAEL prepared her _bons-mots_ with elaborate care, some being borrowed.... She was ugly, and not of an intellectual ugliness. Her features were coarse, and the ordinary expression rather vulgar. She had an ugly mouth, and one or two irregularly prominent teeth, which perhaps gave her countenance an habitual gaiety. Her eye was full, dark, and expressive; and when she declaimed, which was almost whenever she spoke, she looked eloquent, and one forgot that she was plain. On the whole, she was singularly unfeminine; and if, in conversation, one forgot she was ugly, one forgot also that she was a woman.—_J. W. Croker’s Note-Books._—[ED.]

THE REV. GILBERT WAKEFIELD (page 284).

“It is well known that the French Revolution turned the brains of many of the noblest youths in England. Indeed when such men as COLERIDGE, WORDSWORTH, SOUTHEY, caught the infection, no wonder that those who partook of their sensibility, but had a very small portion of their intellect, were carried away. Many were ruined by the errors into which they were betrayed; many also lived to smile at the follies of their youth. ‘I am no more ashamed of having been a Republican,’ said SOUTHEY, ‘than I am of having been a child.’ The opinions held led to many political prosecutions, and I naturally had much sympathy with the sufferers. I find in my journal, Feb. 21, 1799 (says Crabb Robinson): ‘An interesting and memorable day. It was the day on which GILBERT WAKEFIELD was convicted of a seditious libel, and sentenced to two years’ imprisonment. This he suffered in Dorchester Gaol, which he left only to die. Originally of the Established Church, he became a Unitarian, and Professor at the Hackney College. By profession he was a scholar. His best known work was an edition of Lucretius. He had written against PORSON’S edition of the _Hecuba_ of Euripides.’ It is said that PORSON was at a dinner-party at which toasts were going round, and a name, accompanied by an appropriate sentence from Shakespeare, was required from each of the guests in succession. Before PORSON’S turn came, he had disappeared beneath the table, and was supposed to be insensible to what was going on. This, however, was not the case, for when a toast was required of him, he staggered up and gave: ‘Gilbert Wakefield—what’s _Hecuba_ to him, or he to _Hecuba_?’ WAKEFIELD was a political fanatic. He had the pale complexion and mild features of a Saint, was a most gentle creature in domestic life, and a very amiable man; but when he took part in any religious or political controversy, his pen was dipped in gall. The occasion of the imprisonment before alluded to was a letter in reply to WATSON, Bishop of Llandaff, who had written a pamphlet exhorting the people to loyalty. WAKEFIELD asserted that the poor, the labouring classes; could lose nothing by French conquest. Referring to the fable of the Ass and the Trumpeter, he said: ‘Will the enemy make me carry two panniers?’ and declared that, if the French came, they would find him at his post with the illustrious dead.”—[ED.]

JOHN THELWALL (page 284).

“COLERIDGE and SOUTHEY spoke of THELWALL, calling him merely ‘John’: SOUTHEY said: ‘He is a good-hearted man; besides we ought never to forget that he was once as near as possible being hanged, as there is some merit in _that_’.”—_Crabb Robinson’s Diary._—[ED.]

JEAN PAUL MARAT (page 284).

The following remarkable account of this scientific monster is given in an “Historical Account of the Warrington Academy, an institution in Lancashire,” published in the _Monthly Repository_, by the Rev. W. Turner, of Wakefield.

“After the departure of DR. REINHOLD FORSTER, various unsuccessful attempts were made to engage a foreigner in the capacity of teacher of the modern languages—a M. FANTIN LA TOUR, a M. LE MAITRE, _alias_ MARA, and a MR. LEWIS GUERY; but none of them continued for any length of time.... There is great reason to believe that LE MAITRE, _alias_ MARA, was the infamous MARAT.... It is known that he was in England about this time [1774], and published in London “A Philosophical Essay on the connection between the Body and the Soul of Man,” and, somewhere in the country, had a principal hand in printing, in quarto, a work of considerable ability, but of a seditious tendency, entitled—‘_The Chains of Slavery: a work wherein the clandestine and villainous Attempts of Princes to ruin Liberty are pointed out, and the dreadful Scenes of Despotism disclosed, etc.; London, sold by J. Almon.... T. Payne, and Richardson and Urquhart, 1774._’ MARA, as his name is spelt in the Minutes of the Academy, very soon left Warrington, whence he went to Oxford, robbed the Ashmolean Museum, escaped to Ireland, was apprehended in Dublin, tried and convicted in Oxford, under the name of LE MAITRE, and sentenced to the hulks at Woolwich. Here one of his old pupils at Warrington, a native of Bristol, saw him. He was afterwards a Bookseller in Bristol, and failed; was confined in the gaol of that city, but released by the Society there for the relief of prisoners confined for small sums. One of that society, who had previously relieved him in Bristol Gaol, afterwards saw him in the National Assembly in Paris in 1792.”

Grave doubts have, however, been thrown upon the accuracy of the above statement by HENRY A. BRIGHT, B.A., in a paper published in the _Transactions of the Historic Society of Lancashire and Cheshire_, 8vo, vol. xi., session 1858–9. Yet it was an establishment that might have attracted such a mind as Marat’s. “At WARRINGTON ACADEMY (says Mr. Bright), were collected some of the noblest _literati_ of their day. Here the free thought of the English Presbyterians first began to crystallize into the Unitarian theology which they have since maintained. Here, for a time, was the centre of the liberal politics and the literary taste of the entire county.... The Academy was founded in 1757, and was closed in 1786. It was visited by John Howard, W. Roscoe, T. Pennant, Currie, the biographer of Burns, &c. The first Tutors appointed were DR. JOHN TAYLOR of Norwich, Tutor in Divinity, MR. HOLT of Kirkdale, Tutor in Natural Philosophy, MR. DYER of London, Tutor in Languages and Polite Literature, whose duties, however, were taken by MR. (afterwards the REV. DR.) AIKIN, father of the celebrated Physician and Mrs. Barbauld. DR. PRIESTLEY succeeded DR. AIKIN.”

DR. PRIESTLEY, who is addressed by COLERIDGE as “Patriot, and Saint, and Sage,” was succeeded by JOHN REINHOLD FORSTER, a German Scholar and Naturalist, who accompanied Captain Cook in his second voyage, DR. ENFIELD, author of _The Speaker_, and the REV. GILBERT WAKEFIELD, were Tutors. Among the students were MR. SERJEANT HEYWOOD; ARCHIBALD HAMILTON ROWAN, the Irish rebel; the REV. H. MALTHUS; LORD ENNISMORE; SIR JAMES CARNEGIE of Southesk; MR. HENRY BEAUFOY, etc., all strong Whigs. The name of neither MARA nor LE MAITRE appears on the Minutes of the Academy.

For the latest contribution to the history of MARAT’S sojourn in England we are indebted to the researches of MR. H. MORSE STEPHENS, of Balliol College, Oxford, who, in his elaborate and painstaking _History of the French Revolution_ (1886), which includes facts unknown to Carlyle and earlier historians, gives the following account of that “arch-destroyer”; but, as he calls him, “a much maligned individual”:—

“JEAN PAUL MARAT,” says he, “was born at Boudry, near Neufchatel, in Switzerland, on April 13, 1742. His father, who spelt his name ‘MARA,’ was a physician of some ability, and on being exiled from his native island of Sardinia for abandoning the Roman Catholic religion, had taken up his residence in Switzerland; and married a Swiss Protestant. JEAN PAUL was the eldest of three sons; his next brother settled down as a watchmaker at Geneva, and his youngest brother entered the service of the Empress Catherine, and distinguished himself in the Russian army under the title of the Chevalier de Boudry. JEAN PAUL was from his childhood of an intensely sensitive and excitable disposition, and also so quick at his books that he became a good classical scholar, and acquainted with most modern languages. As his chief taste, however, seemed to be for natural science, he was intended to follow his father’s profession, and was, at the age of eighteen, sent to study medicine at the University of Bordeaux. He there obtained a thorough knowledge of his profession, but devoted himself particularly to the sciences of optics and electricity. From Bordeaux he went to Paris, where he effected a remarkable cure of a disease of the eyes, which had been abandoned as hopeless both by physicians and quacks, by means of electricity. From Paris he went to Amsterdam, and, finally, to LONDON, where he set up in practice in _Church Street, Soho_, then one of the most fashionable districts in London. He must soon have formed a good practice, for he stopped in London, with occasional visits to Dublin and Edinburgh, for ten years, and only left it to take up an appointment at the French court. While in London he wrote his first book, and in 1772 and 1773, he published the first two volumes of a philosophical and physiological _Essay on Man_. The point he discussed was the old problem of the relation between body and mind, and he treated it in a very interesting manner from the physiological point of view. He held some extraordinary theory about the existence of some fluid in the veins which acted on the mind; which, however, does not impair the interest of his inquiries into the cause of dreams, or diminish the respect felt for his wide reading and extensive knowledge both of ancient and modern philosophical and medical authors. He shows a wide knowledge of Latin and Greek literature, and while writing in good English freely quotes French, German, Italian, and Spanish writers. In one part of his book he declared that it was ridiculous for any one to make psychical researches without having some knowledge of anatomy and physiology, and openly attacked HELVÉTIUS for despising scientific knowledge in his famous _De l’Esprit_. VOLTAIRE naturally took the side of HELVÉTIUS, and did the young author the honour of noticing, and very severely criticising, his book. MARAT himself translated it into French, and published it at Amsterdam in 1775. His next work was of a political character. He had got mixed up with some of the popular societies in England, which were striving to obtain a thorough reform of the representation of the people in the House of Commons, and, in 1774, published a work, which he entitled THE CHAINS OF SLAVERY. In this book, which is partly historical and partly political, he begs the electors to take more care in the choice of their representatives. It is written in a very declamatory style, and strikes the note of the responsibility of representatives to their constituents, which is the key-note of all his political ideas. The book is published in quarto, and is printed on fine paper, so that it can hardly have been meant to appeal to the populace, but it, nevertheless, procured him the honorary membership of the popular societies of _Newcastle_ and other great northern cities. Subsequently he again returned to his profession, and after publishing a medical tract in 1775, of which no copy is known to exist, he published _An Inquiry into the Nature, Cause, and Cure of a singular Disease of the Eyes_, in 1776. [See _Academy_ of September 23, 1882.] In this little pamphlet there is no violent language; it describes the disease and the cases he had cured in perfectly simple language, and shows, at least, that he was no mere quack, but a scientific physician. On June 30, 1775, he had, while on a visit to _Scotland_, received the honorary degree of M.D. from the _University of St. Andrews_ for his eminence as a doctor, and had probably received similar compliments from other Universities, because, on June 24, 1777, JEAN PAUL MARAT, ‘médecin de plusieurs facultés d’Angleterre,’ was appointed, for his good character and high reputation as a doctor, physician to the body-guard of the Comte d’Artois, with a salary of a thousand livres a year and allowances. To take up this court appointment he moved to Paris, and soon acquired a large practice there, and the name of ‘physician of the incurables,’ from the number of hopeless cases he was successful in treating. He also moved in the best society about the court, and won the affections of the _Marquise de l’Aubespine_ for saving her life. For some reason or other, most probably because he had obtained a competent fortune, and desired to satisfy his ambition, he resigned his court appointment in 1783, and devoted himself to science. He had long observed the phenomena of Heat, Light, and Electricity, and in the course of the next five years published the result of his experiments, and presented them to the _Academy of Sciences_. His hard work won him the friendship of BENJAMIN FRANKLIN, but the violence with which he attacked his adversaries, and his audacity in doubting the conclusions of NEWTON, prevented him from obtaining a seat in the Academy of Sciences. When he recognised that this hostility to himself prevented due recognition of his work, he determined to win the approbation of the Academy by concealing his name; and his translation of the _Optics_ of NEWTON, which was covered by the name of _M. de Beauzée_, and published in 1788, was at once crowned by the very Academy which had rejected him.

“His political work during these years was confined to a treatise, in imitation of BECCARIA, on the subject of Punishments. The approach of the States-General, however, revived his political enthusiasm, and in the March of 1789, when he believed himself to be dying, he published his _Offrande à la Patrie_, which was followed in quick succession by a supplement and other pamphlets. Of these, distinctly the most able is the _Tableau des Vices de la Constitution Anglaise_, which he presented to the Assembly in September, 1789. In it he points out what he had learnt in the popular societies of England, that the English people was by no means so well governed as it was supposed to be; that the influence of the king and the ministry was overwhelming through the extent of patronage, and that the rich there bought seats in the House of Commons as they bought estates.

“MARAT then felt that he could not express himself frequently enough in pamphlets, and on September 12 appeared the first number of a journal written entirely by himself, called the JOURNAL DU PEUPLE, which title was changed to that of _Ami du Peuple_, or _The People’s Friend_, with the fourth number.

“To understand the man, it is necessary to get rid of preconceived ideas. Suspicious and irritable, excitable and sensitive to an extreme, he attacked everybody, and attacked them all with unaccustomed violence; but with all this, he was in private life a highly educated gentleman. The extent of his attainments appears from his numerous works, and it must be remembered that he could not for years have been a fashionable physician and held a court appointment without being perfectly polite and well-bred. His faults arose from his irritable and suspicious nature, and years of persecution made him half-insane towards the end of his life; but in September, 1789, he was in perfect possession of his senses, and the very popularity of his journal showed how congenial his gospel of suspicion was to the Parisians.”—[ED.]

JEAN PAUL MARAT’S SISTER.

The Right Hon. J. W. Croker, in a letter to John Winter Jones, dated 23rd October, 1854, says that COLIN, who had been Marat’s printer or publisher, “introduced him to Marat’s sister, who was as like her brother, he said—and as from all pictures and busts I readily believed—as ‘_deux gouttes d’eau_’. She was very small, very ugly, very sharp, and a great politician. Her ostensible livelihood was making watch-springs, but she told me she was pretty easy in her circumstances, and I either gathered from her, or saw cause to suspect, that she had some secret charitable help.”—[ED.]

LARÉVEILLÈRE-LEPAUX (page 283).

LARÉVEILLÈRE-LEPAUX left orders in his will that his _Memoirs_ were to be printed and published. His heirs were not proud of the part the DIRECTOR had played, so, after complying with the terms of his will and _printing_ the _Memoirs_, they _destroyed the whole issue at once_; and the only copy extant is the one which, in accordance with the law of France, was sent to the _Bibliothèque Nationale_ at Paris.

THE THEOPHILANTHROPISTS.

These (_Gr._ “Lovers of Gods and Men”) were a sect of _Deists_ which appeared in France amid the confusion and disorder of the first Revolution. While the State was indifferent to all forms of Religion, and the Republican Directory was afraid of the Christianity which prevailed in the Church, a felt consciousness of the necessity of some religion led many to adopt a form of worship adapted to Natural Religion.

“This Sect” (says SOUTHEY, in the _Quarterly Review_, vol. xxviii.) “began with more circumstances in their favour than ever occurred to facilitate the establishment of a religion or of a sect. Many persons of considerable influence and reputation engaged in the project with zeal, and it was patronised by LA RÉVEILLÈRE LÊPAUX, one of the Directory.... His motives for putting himself at the head of the Theophilanthropists are said to have been twofold: if the scheme succeeded, he intended to become their High Priest; and he hated Christianity. Through his means the Theophilanthropists obtained a decree from the Government giving them a right of holding their meetings in the Churches, as national buildings, which were open to any religion, but belonged to none.

“Nearly twenty Churches in Paris were taken possession of; but by occupying so many, they injured themselves.... They took up too extended a position, and had neither numbers nor means answerable to the scale upon which they set out.... Their _Service_ began at noon, and lasted about an hour and a half. It was, they said, a worship for those who had no other, and a moral society for those who had. The _Ritual_ consisted of Prayers, Hymns original or selected from the best French Poets, readings from their Manual, and Discourses. The _Hymns_ were, in general, judicious, and set to good music, and the _Prayers_ well composed; but had their books been stript of all that they had borrowed from the Gospel, and from the works of Christian writers, they would have been meagre indeed. In one part of the Service there was a short pause, during which the congregation were expected to consider each in silence what his own conduct had been since the last of these meetings. A basket of fruit or flowers, according to the season, was placed upon the altar, as a mark of acknowledgment for the bounties of the Creator; and over the altar was the inscription, _Nous croyons à l’existence de Dieu, et à l’immortalité de l’âme_.... LA RÉVEILLÈRE, in a speech at the Institute, declaiming against Christianity, as being opposed to the liberty of mankind, expressed his wish that a form of religion were adopted, which should have only _a couple of articles_. He wished also for a religion without priests; and this, it was pleasantly observed, would be like a Directory without a Director.

“This was the _Creed of the Theophilanthropists_. And on each side of it, the following sentences were inscribed in their temples, to take place of the Decalogue:—

“‘Adore God, cherish your fellow-creatures; render yourselves useful to your country. Good is whatever tends to preserve man, or to perfectionate him. Evil is whatever tends to destroy him, or to deteriorate him. Children, honour your fathers and mothers; obey them with affection, solace their old age. Fathers and mothers, instruct your children. Wives, behold in your husbands the heads of your houses. Husbands, love your wives, and render yourselves mutually happy.’

“At _Marriage_ the bride and bridegroom were to be coupled with ribands, or garlands of flowers, the ends of which were to be held on each side by the elders of their respective families. The Bride received a ring from her husband, and a medal of union from the head of the family. There was a rite also for infants.... When a member _died_, the other members of the Society were invited to place a flower upon the urn, and pray the Creator to receive the deceased into his bosom. The Decades and National Holidays were observed by these Anti-Christians, and they had four Holidays of their own, for Socrates, St. Vincent de Paule, Jean Jacques Rousseau, and Washington,—oddly assorted names! Two of them, however, stand well together in this kalendar, for the one, who was a Christian, established the Foundling Hospital at Paris; and the other, who was a sentimentalist, a philosopher, and a Theophilanthropist, sent his own children to it....

“LA RÉVEILLÈRE used to take praise to himself for having, in his Directorial character, humbled the Pope and the great Turk. The Anti-Christian language of the Directory, and its persecution of the Clergy, are imputed to him; so far his colleagues were willing to go with him; but his zeal for Deism they regarded as ridiculous.... In the way of pecuniary aid, he could obtain little:—_beaucoup d’argent_ was what the Directory were accustomed to demand, not to give....

“Their _Service_ at Paris was numerously attended while it was a new spectacle, and the subject of conversation; but more than two-thirds of the persons thus assembled were idlers. But this concourse soon abated; there was nothing attractive in the ceremonies, nothing to impose upon the imagination or the senses. A propagandist reported from Montreuil that the readings and orations had been heard by an audience _avide de morale_, but he had observed with pain that the _matériel_ of the worship was not what it should have been.... It was got up at Bourges in better style; the orator there officiated in a white sash ornamented with blue flowers, before an altar upon which an orange tree was placed: and at the _fête des époux_, the Theophilanthropists carried _two pigeons_ in procession, as an emblem of conjugal tenderness, and placed them upon the altar of the country!”

* * * * *

[The literary association of LAMB with COLERIDGE and SOUTHEY [says SIR T. N. TALFOURD, in his life of LAMB,] drew upon him the hostility of the young scorners of _The Anti-Jacobin_, who, luxuriating in boyish pride and aristocratic patronage, tossed the arrows of their wit against all charged with innovation, whether in politics or poetry, and cared little whom they wounded. No one could be more innocent than LAMB of political heresy; no one more strongly opposed to new theories in morality—which he always regarded with disgust. The very first number of _The Anti-Jacobin Review and Magazine_ [this was, however, a new work, by different hands, but imbued with the same spirit as _The Anti-Jacobin_] was adorned by a caricature of GILLRAY’S, in which COLERIDGE and SOUTHEY were introduced with asses’ heads, and LLOYD and LAMB as toad and frog. In the number of July, 1798 [of the original _Anti-Jacobin_] appeared the well-known poem of _New Morality_, in which all the prominent objects of the hatred of these champions of religion and order were introduced as offering homage to LEPAUX, a French charlatan,—of whose existence LAMB had never even heard. Not content with thus confounding persons of the most opposite opinions and the most various characters in one common libel, the party returned to the charge in their number for September [of _The Anti-Jacobin Review_], and denounced the young poets in a parody on the _Ode to the Passions_, under the title of _The Anarchists_. They are reprinted in the present volume.—ED.]

[The cause of Coleridge, Southey, Lloyd, and Lamb, being thus satirized as persons of the same politics, was the conjoint publication of their works. In the spring of 1796, COLERIDGE published vol. i. of his _Juvenile Poems_, including three Sonnets by LAMB; in May, 1797, there appeared a new edition, with many poems by LLOYD and LAMB. _The Fall of Robespierre_, an historic drama, was published Sept. 22, 1794: the first act written by COLERIDGE, the second and third by SOUTHEY. It is not difficult to understand why COLERIDGE was so severely attacked by the Government writers. In 1795, at the early age of 23, he delivered, at Bristol, some public lectures, reflecting in warm terms on the measures of PITT. Three of them were published at Bristol at the end of 1795—the first two together, with the title of _Conciones ad Populum_; the third as _The Plot Discovered_. The eloquent passage in conclusion of the first of these addresses was written by SOUTHEY. That he was considered by ministers a dangerous character is proved by his having been for some months watched by a Government spy while residing at Stowey, providing for his scanty maintenance by writing verses for _The Morning Post_. It was his fortune also to excite the ire of BUONAPARTE, by his anti-gallican writings in the same paper; and a benevolent intimation of his danger by Baron von Humboldt and Cardinal Fesch alone prevented his being arrested while in Italy. (See p. 284.)

SOUTHEY thus alludes to the attack upon him (by GILLRAY, in his famous caricature), in a letter addressed to C. W. W. WYNN, dated Hereford, August 15, 1798:—“I have seen myself _Bedfordized_, and it has been a subject of much amusement. HOLCROFT’S likeness is admirably preserved. I know not what poor LAMB has done to be croaking there. What I think the worst part of _The Anti-Jacobin_ abuse is the lumping together men of such opposite principles; this was stupid. We should have all been welcoming the _Director_, not the _Theophilanthrope_. The conductors of _The Anti-Jacobin_ will have much to answer for in thus inflaming the animosities of this country. They are labouring to produce the deadly hatred of Irish faction; perhaps to produce the same end. Such an address as you mention might probably be of great use; that I could assist you in it is less certain. I do not feel myself at all calculated for anything that requires methodical reasoning; and though you and I should agree in the main object of the pamphlet, our opinions are at root different. The old systems of government, I think, must fall; but in this country the immediate danger is on the other hand,—from an unconstitutional and unlimited power. BURLEIGH saw how a Parliament might be employed against the people, and MONTESQUIEU prophesied the fall of English liberty when the Legislature should become corrupt. You will not agree with me in thinking his prophecy fulfilled. Violent men there undoubtedly are among the democrats, as they are always called; but is there any one among them whom the ministerialists will allow to be moderate?” _The Anti-Jacobin_ certainly speaks the sentiments of Government.’—ED.]

* * * * *

WORDSWORTH, COLERIDGE, SOUTHEY (page 284).

[“The passionate verdicts given, both _pro_ and _con_, in reference to WORDSWORTH, COLERIDGE, and SOUTHEY, may now be looked back upon with some wonder, but all three had made themselves obnoxious to the charge of renegadism. WORDSWORTH had accepted the office of stamp-distributor from Lord Lonsdale; SOUTHEY, after attempting to suppress his demagogical drama of _Wat Tyler_, became a violent Tory, bringing a hot partisanship into the ranks to which he fled; and COLERIDGE, a Tom-Paineite in politics and a preaching Unitarian, ended by adopting all the doctrines of orthodoxy.”—_Sir John Bowring._—ED.]

* * * * *

EDMUND BURKE (page 286).

“ADAIR told me a great many things about BURKE, and FOX, and FITZPATRICK, and all the eminent men of that time with whom he lived when he was young. He said ... that FITZPATRICK was the most agreeable of them all, but HARE the most brilliant. BURKE’S conversation was delightful, so luminous and instructive. He was very passionate; and ADAIR said that the first time he ever saw him he unluckily asked him some question about the wild parts of Ireland, when BURKE broke out: ‘You are a fool and a blockhead. There are no wild parts in Ireland.’ ... There was an attempt to bring about a reconciliation between him and FOX, and a meeting for that purpose took place of all the leading men, at Burlington House. BURKE was on the point of yielding when his son suddenly made his appearance unbidden, and, on being told what was going on, he said: ‘My father shall be no party to such a compromise,’ took BURKE aside, and persuaded him to reject the overtures. That son ADAIR described as the most disagreeable, violent, and wrong-headed of men, but the idol of his father, who used to say that he united all his own talents and acquirements with those of FOX and everybody else, &c.”—See _The Greville Memoirs_, i. 136–7.—[ED.]

[The following remarkable passage occurs in a pamphlet written by TOM PAINE, entitled: _Thomas Paine to the People of England, on the Invasion of England; Philadelphia, printed at the Temple of Reason Press, Arch Street, 1804_.

“The original plan, formed in the time of the Directory (but now much more extensive) was to build one thousand boats, each sixty feet long, sixteen feet broad, to draw about two feet water, to carry a twenty-four or thirty-six pounder in the head and a field-piece in the stern, to be run out as soon as they touched ground. Each boat was to carry a hundred men, making in the whole one hundred thousand, and to row with twenty or twenty-five oars on a side. Bonaparte was appointed to the command, and by an agreement between him and me, I was to accompany him, as the intention of the expedition was to give the people of England an opportunity of forming a government for themselves, and thereby bring about peace.”—ED.]

* * * * *

THE COURIER.

THE COURIER, in the time of the war, was the great paper; it obtained a large circulation, and consequently exercised considerable influence. It was started by JOHN PARRY in 1792, and he carried it on for some years with tolerable success, till he was ruined in 1799 by a government prosecution for a libel on the Emperor of Russia. It was bought by DANIEL STUART, who left _The Morning Post_ for _The Courier_ in 1803. During three years, says he, at the time of the overthrow of BUONAPARTE, _The Courier_, by the able management of PETER STREET, who was editor and half-proprietor, sold steadily upwards of 8000 per day; during one fortnight it sold upwards of 10,000 daily. At the end of 1809, S. T. COLERIDGE contributed to it some Essays on the Spaniards; and in 1811 he wrote for it on a salary. At this time the paper was much under ministerial direction. From about the year 1818 till 1829 _The Courier_ was conducted by W. MUDFORD, with whom WILLIAM STEWART was a proprietor. After 1819 D. STUART took no interest in it, and parted with his last share in it in 1822. After the year 1825, JAMES STUART, a Scotch gentleman of great talent and respectability—the same that unfortunately killed SIR ALEXANDER BOSWELL in a duel, and was author of _Travels in the United States_—became editor. True to his principles, he gave in this capacity every support in his power to the Whig or Liberal party. He was appointed by LORD MELBOURNE to the situation of Factory Inspector, which he held till his death, at the age of 74, in 1849. When JAS. STUART obtained his factory appointment, SAM. LAMAN BLANCHARD became editor. The paper having become, like other evening papers, less profitable than of old, the proprietors sold it to the party they had so long opposed. It took Tory politics; LAMAN BLANCHARD, of course, resigned; and a few short years were sufficient to destroy a journal which had once been the most valuable newspaper property in England. Its last number appeared 6th July, 1842.

It is a curious, but not creditable, circumstance that _The Courier_ was in the habit of re-printing, from year to year, without acknowledgment, the able leading articles from _The Liverpool Courier_, written by the Rev. Richard Watson, secretary to the Wesleyan Missionary Society, by whom, in conjunction with his friend, Mr. Kaye, this newspaper was established upon loyal and constitutional principles.

“_The Courier_, in 1814, was supplied by R. Peel, Lord Palmerston, and J. W. Croker, with political squibs and lyrics, resembling in general features _The Anti-Jacobin_ and _The Rolliad_. The verses are chiefly parodies of Moore’s _Irish Melodies_, or of Byron’s songs, and are far above the ordinary level of such compositions.... The various pieces were collected and published in 1815, under the title of _The New Whig Guide_.”—_Croker Papers_, vol. i., p. 58.

This statement contains several inaccuracies. The pieces forming _The New Whig Guide_ were first collected and published in 1819, _and not in 1815_, for BYRON’S _Fare thee well_ was not written till April, 1816. The parody on it was entitled _The Leader’s Lament. By the Right Hon. George Ponsonby_. A. Hayward says in his review of _The Poetry of the Anti-Jacobin_, in _The Edinburgh Review_, 1858—that “CANNING has been traditionally credited with the parody of Moore’s. _Believe me, if all those endearing young charms_, the gentleman addressed being a distinguished commoner afterwards ennobled (the first LORD METHUEN), who was far from meriting the character [of a foolish fop] thereby fastened on him”. The other parodies were by JOHN CALCRAFT, the Hon. W. H. LYTTELTON, DUDLEY NORTH, M.P., KIRKMAN FINLAY, M.P. for Glasgow, &c. MR. METHUEN, in return, wrote many clever squibs and parodies against the Tories, which were collected, under the title of _The New Tory Guide_, and reproduced, like its rivals in 1819. “Talking of _The Morning Chronicle_,” says T. MOORE (_Diary, 19th March, 1831_), “PAUL METHUEN told us he was the author of almost all those about _The Rat Club_; which are certainly some of the best.”

THE STAR.

THE STAR, the first London daily Evening Newspaper, was started in 1788 by PETER STUART, brother to DANIEL STUART, of _The Morning Post_. Its first editor was ANDREW MACDONALD, author of _Vimonda_, a tragedy, and other works: and after him another Scottish poet, John Mayne, author of _The Siller Gun_, was editor. ROBERT BURNS was offered an engagement to write poetry for it, at the rate of one guinea an article per week. The arrangement was not completed. It was to PETER STUART that BURNS addressed his “Poem, written to a gentleman who had sent him a Newspaper, and offered to continue it free of expense”. The facetious Bob Allen, of whom Charles Lamb has such pleasant reminiscences, was for many years a contributor to this paper. Subsequently, DR. A. TILLOCH, editor of _The Philosophical Magazine_, was for many years editor of _The Star_. After Oct. 15, 1831, _The Star_ became incorporated with _The Albion_ newspaper, under the title of _The Albion and Evening Star_.

_The Star_ was during many years the leading newspaper on the Whig side, CAMPBELL the poet being one of its writers after 1804, when he was engaged at a salary of four guineas a week. The clear profits of this paper in 1820 were said, on apparently good authority, to amount to £6000.

THE MORNING CHRONICLE.

THE MORNING CHRONICLE was, with one exception (_The Public Ledger_, which started in 1760), the oldest of the daily papers up to the period of its discontinuance March 19, 1862. The latest number in the British Museum is dated Dec. 31, 1861.

It was established on Whig principles, 28th June, 1769, by WILLIAM WOODFALL, who carried it on with great success till 1789.

Woodfall, in addition to other talents requisite to the success of a newspaper, possessed two, which were of essential service to it, namely, his prodigious memory, which enabled him to report Parliamentary Debates without the aid of notes, and the excellence of his Theatrical Criticisms, which, as MR. FOX BOURNE, in his copious and valuable work on _English Newspapers_, 2 vols., 8vo., 1887—one to which the editor of the present publication has been under frequent obligations—says, “are a neglected mine of wealth for students of Theatrical History”.

On WOODFALL’S death, in 1803, it was sold to JAMES PERRY, who borrowed £500 from RANSOME & CO., the bankers, and some more from BELLAMY, the wine merchant—who was also caterer and doorkeeper to the House of Commons—and entered into partnership with a Charterhouse schoolmaster named GRAY, who had just received a legacy of £500. With that joint capital, the two bought _The Chronicle_, the DUKE OF NORFOLK making PERRY a present of a house in the Strand, which he converted into a new publishing office. A few other influential Whigs, also, contributed a further sum, which, as the late SIR ROBERT ADAIR, who is so often satirized in _The Anti-Jacobin_, and who was a subscriber to the fund, informed the editor of the present work, was £300.

PERRY was on good terms with his contributors, and made _The Morning Chronicle_ a more prosperous and influential journal than had ever before been known in England. GRAY provided the heavy articles, PERRY those of lighter sort; and after GRAY’S death, which happened when he had been part proprietor for only a few years, other writers were employed, among them JAS. MACKINTOSH and SHERIDAN, and in later times T. CAMPBELL and T. MOORE, who contributed verse, and JOHN CAMPBELL, then a young barrister, who was the Theatrical Critic, and was still so in 1810. T. CAMPBELL, on coming to London in 1802, was engaged as a political writer, but this not being his forte, he, with great judgment, confined himself to poetical pieces, among which were _Ye Mariners of England_, and _The Exile of Erin_. PERRY had another and equally famous contributor. In Sept., 1793, S. T. COLERIDGE, then aged nineteen, “sent a poem of a few lines to PERRY, soliciting a loan of a guinea for a distressed author,” which prayer was immediately granted. In 1796, he accepted an offer of Perry’s to write in it, but the arrangement was never carried out. In later years, COLERIDGE wrote some other poems for _The Morning Chronicle_, and his friend CHARLES LAMB was an occasional writer of prose for it.

PERRY continued as the general manager of the paper till his death on 6th Dec., 1821; but before this he had left much of the editing to others, his first assistant after GRAY’S death being ROBERT SPANKIE, ultimately attorney-general of Bengal. The next was JOHN BLACK, who had joined him in 1810; and upon him, when PERRY died, the entire management devolved.

After PERRY’S death the paper was purchased for £42,000, by WILLIAM CLEMENT, by whom it was held till 1834, when it was sold to SIR JOHN EASTHOPE for £16,500.

In 1843, JOHN BLACK was dismissed to make way for ANDREW DOYLE, who had been Foreign Editor, and had married Sir John’s daughter. Black died in 1855.

On 26th July, 1847, SIR JOHN EASTHOPE, who had been carrying on the paper at a loss for some time, sold it to the Duke of Newcastle, W. E. Gladstone, Sidney Herbert, and other influential Peelites. Its new Editor was JOHN DOUGLAS COOK, who had for some time been one of the reporters of _The Times_, and who gathered round him a brilliant staff of contributors, including George Sydney Smythe, afterwards Lord Strangford, Gilbert Venables, Abraham Hayward, William Vernon Harcourt, and Thackeray. Its business manager was WILLIAM DELANE, the father of the clever young editor of _The Times_, JOHN THADDEUS DELANE.

_The Chronicle_ lingered on as a would-be Peelite organ till the autumn of 1854, when by a curious arrangement, the paper, with all its plant, was sold to Serjeant GLOVER, for £7500, on the understanding that, if he continued to support in it the Peelite policy, he should have the money back with interest, being paid £3000 a year for three years. That contract soon fell through, as GLOVER preferred to draw a subsidy from LOUIS NAPOLEON, and to make other experiments. At the close of 1854, the circulation of _The Morning Chronicle_ averaged only about 2500, while that of _The Morning Post_ was about 3000, that of _The Morning Herald_ about 3500, that of _The Daily News_ about 5300, that of _The Morning Advertiser_ about 6600, and that of _The Times_ about 55,000.

The last number of _The Morning Chronicle_ appeared March 19, 1862, when what at one time had been the most influential journal in the country altogether ceased to exist.

Of this paper SHERIDAN speaks in _The Critic_, and to it BYRON addressed a _Familiar Epistle_. For its columns W. HAZLITT wrote some of the finest criticisms in our own or any other language. Some of the early _Sketches by Boz_ appeared in it, but they were really commenced in the old _Monthly Magazine_. DICKENS’S father was one of the staff. HAZLITT also contributed to it Parliamentary Reports, as at a later period did C. DICKENS.

Among other distinguished writers in _The Morning Chronicle_ were Lord Brougham, the Duke of Sussex, David Ricardo, Cyrus Redding, Albany Fonblanque, James and John Stuart Mill, John Payne Collier, Eyre Evans Crowe, Charles Buller, Lord Holland, Joseph Parkes, Michael Joseph Quin, George Hogarth, James Fraser, W. Hazlitt, secundus, Lord Melbourne, W. Johnson Fox, Henry Mayhew, Lord Palmerston, A. B. Reach, Alex. and Charles Mackay, Tom Taylor.

THE MORNING POST.

THE MORNING POST, the next _daily_ paper in order of date to _The Chronicle_, first appeared in 1772, and was probably projected by JOHN BELL. Three years subsequently the REV. HENRY BATE (who took in 1784 the name of Dudley, and was created a baronet in 1816) joined it, and was connected with it till the end of 1780, when he quarrelled with his colleagues, and set up _The Morning Herald_, the first number of which appeared on Nov. 1 in the same year. In June, 1781, he was sentenced to a year’s imprisonment for an atrocious libel on the Duke of Richmond. He was (says Horace Walpole, in his _Journal of the Reign of George III._), the worst of all the scandalous libellers that had appeared, both on private persons as well as public. His life was dissolute, and he had fought more than one duel. Yet Lord Sandwich had procured for him a good Crown living, and he was believed to be pensioned by the Court. He died in 1824.

After BATE, as editor, came the REV. W. JACKMAN (or JACKSON)—an equally discreditable clergyman,—and he was succeeded by JOHN TAYLOR (author of _Monsieur Tonson_), for whom PETER PINDAR (DR. JOHN WOLCOT) wrote whimsical verses.

In 1792, MR. TATTERSALL was the responsible proprietor, who, knowing more about horses and sport than about the elegancies of literature, DR. WOLCOT continued to be the chief writer; and who, besides his clever verses, gave much information upon affairs of the prize-ring and kindred amusements. In 1795, TATTERSALL sold the entire copyright, with house and printing materials, for £600. The circulation then was only 350 daily.

The purchaser was MR. DANIEL STUART; and MR. CHRISTIE, the auctioneer, was also a proprietor. Previous to this time, ROBERT BURNS was applied to, to supply poetry, but none was ever sent. DANIEL STUART was not twenty-nine when he bought _The Morning Post_; and JAMES (afterwards SIR JAS.) MACKINTOSH, who was his brother-in-law, and was a regular contributor, was his senior only by a year.

After 1790, the same ANDREW MACDONALD, who had been editor of _The Star_, furnished poems, as did WORDSWORTH, SOUTHEY, C. LLOYD, and other verse writers. At the commencement of 1798, S. T. COLERIDGE—then only twenty-five—was engaged to contribute poetry. The Odes, _Fire, Famine, and Slaughter_; _France_; _Dejection_; and that on _The Departing Year_; with twenty or thirty other pieces, since included in his Poetical Works, among which was _Love_—one of the most popular poems of this age—were first published in _The Morning Post_. To these must be added the first draught of _The Devil’s Thoughts_, a piece afterwards much altered. About 1800, the paper was supplied with some excellent pieces, in prose, including Fashionable Intelligence, short pungent articles, and jokes, by CHARLES LAMB.

In 1798 its sale was over 2000; and so well had DANIEL STUART managed his property—being exceedingly well served by his principal assistant, GEORGE LANE—that when he left _The Morning Post_ for _The Courier_, in 1803, the circulation amounted to 4,500. It, therefore, stood higher in point of sale than any other morning paper, the order in respect of numbers from high to low being this: _Morning Post_, _Morning Herald_, _Morning Advertiser_, _Times_. The amount received for it was about £25,000. According to JOHN TAYLOR, editor of _The Sun_, in his _Records of my Life_, _The Morning Post_ was afterwards purchased by Government to silence attacks on the PRINCE REGENT.

Much of the success of _The Morning Post_ was undoubtedly owing to the writings of COLERIDGE. He afterwards declared that he had wasted the prime and manhood of his intellect in writing for _The Morning Post_ and _Courier_. Among his contributions to the former (March 19, 1800) was his famous character of WILLIAM PITT. The last time he wrote in it was in August, 1802.

A very competent judge, THOMAS DE QUINCEY, thus alludes to COLERIDGE’S political writings:—“Worlds of fine thinking,” he says of the daily press, “lie buried in that vast abyss, never to be disentombed, or restored to human admiration. Like the sea, it has swallowed treasures without end, that no diving-bell will bring up again. But nowhere throughout its shoreless magazines of wealth does there lie such a bed of pearls, confounded with the rubbish and ‘_purgamenta_’ of ages, as in the political papers of COLERIDGE. No more appreciable monument could be raised to the memory of COLERIDGE, than a re-publication of his Essays in _The Morning Post_, but still more of those afterwards published in _The Courier_.” These have since been reprinted under the title of _Essays on his own Times_.

APPENDIX.

THE ANARCHISTS.—An Ode.

[A Parody on Collins’s Ode to the Passions.]

—Numero plures, virtute et honore minores, Indocti stolidique et depugnare parati.—_Hor._

When Anarchy, sworn foe to Kings, O’er Gallia wav’d her crimson wings, Ere yet she spoil’d with iron hand Fair Europe’s desolated land; Her offspring here, a spurious brood, In faction nurs’d, inur’d to blood, Elate with Hope, perplex’d with Fear, Would often raise the listening ear; And all their mother’s wonders tell, And throng around her secret cell, Ranting, bribing, whispering, trembling, Urging, boasting, and dissembling. By turns they felt the Gallic mind Enlarg’d, unprejudic’d, refin’d; Till once, by all the goddess fir’d, Beyond Discretion rapt, inspir’d; Seditious, false, and prone to ill, They eager snatch’d the grey-goose quill. And as they oft had heard apart The wonders of Sedition’s art, Each, for Madness rul’d the hour, Would prove his own subversive power.

First PAINE his _Rights of Man_ display’d, But could no more—for falsely cross’d Ev’n by the friends himself had made, Enraged he fled to Gallia’s coast. Next PRIESTLEY tried, to whom ’twas given Mankind’s free-agency to tell; Ordain’d to point the road to heaven, In pure free will he points—to hell! With meagre visage THELWALL came, In lectures told his sufferings sore; Till purple tyrants blush’d with shame And crowds the suffering saint adore. But thou, O GODWIN! meek and mild; Speak thy metaphysic page: Now it cheer’d a laggard age, And bade new scenes of joy at distance hail; When tyrant Kings shall be no more, When human wants and wars shall fail, And sleep and death shall quit the hallow’d shore. ’Twas thus he strove to sap the throne. With borrow’d arts and weapons not his own, While Gallia clapp’d her hands, and hail’d her favourite child.

And longer had he sung—but, strange to say, WAKEFIELD, the dragon-fly, rush’d on; Eager he sought the bold rebellious fray, And burst with anger and disdain The web of sophistry in twain Which GODWIN, patient sage! had spread To catch the fluttering insects of the land. Treason upreared her arm to strike, Rebellion grasped the murd’rous pike, And though, sometimes, each maddening pause between, Soft Discretion, joined with Fear, Whisper’d her councils in his ear, Still Anarchy upheld the busy scene, And raised her shield of brass to guard her vot’ry’s head.

Next HOLCROFT vowed in doleful tone No more to fire a thankless age, Oblivion marked his labours for her own, Neglected from the press and damn’d upon the stage. See! faithful to their mighty dam, COLERIDGE, SOUTHEY, LLOYD, and LAMB, In splay-foot madrigals of love. Soft moaning like the widowed dove, Pour side by side their sympathetic notes. Of equal rights and civic feasts And tyrant Kings and knavish Priests Swift through the land the tuneful mischief floats. And now to softer strains they struck the lyre, They sung the beetle, or the mole, The dying kid, or ass’s foal, By cruel man permitted to expire. But O, how altered was the sprightlier hour! When FOX, the Parthian hero, rose to view; He o’er the rest high-towering like a steeple Leagued with a “Corresponding” crew, Pledged in large floods of wine “their Majesties—the People”.

The royal tribe accept the proffered power. Kings from the forge, dictators from the plough, Peeping from forth their allies low, Before the fallen arch-seceder bow; LEPAUX bade Gallia hail his name, But old St. Stephen bowed his head for shame.

See NORFOLK last, with BEDFORD roll, He of Bacchus’ favours proud, The sovereign mob most eloquent addressed; But soon he spied the mirth-inspiring bowl, Whose ruby treasures charmed his soul the best; They would have thought who heard him speak, ’Twas Falstaff, with his minions at his back, High primed with valour, turbulence, and sack, Aping the monarch to a wondr’ing crowd. While BEDFORD proud his lesson to rehearse, With studious labours urged the bold reply: Shouts of applause ran rattling through the sky: And he, the hero of the day, Right glad their servile suffrage to repay, Shook golden bounty from his swelling purse.

O, England! heav’n-defended land! With power to “threaten and command,” Say, is thy former spirit broke, To crouch beneath a foreign yoke, And listen to the idiot strains Of slaves thy better sense disdains, As erst, in many an ardent hour, You awed an adverse haughty power. Thy lofty mind, to Freedom true, May well retain what then it knew. Where is thy former patriot soul, Above deceit, above controul? Arise! as in that happier time United, fearless, bold, sublime. ’Tis said, and I believe the tale, Thy efforts then could more avail, Could more true happiness dispense, With Order, Morals, virtue, Sense, Than all that fires with party rage This boastful philosophic age. Arise! with manly zeal advance, To curb the lawless power of France; O, bid her mad endeavours cease, And give the willing nations PEACE! —_Fabricius._

THE PASSIONS.

_An Ode for Music._

WILLIAM COLLINS.

When Music, heavenly maid, was young, While yet in early Greece she sung, The Passions oft, to hear her shell, Throng’d around her magic cell, Exulting, trembling, raging, fainting, Possess’d beyond the Muse’s painting; By turns they felt the glowing mind, Disturb’d, delighted, rais’d, refin’d, Till once, ’tis said, when all were fir’d, Fill’d with fury, rapt, inspir’d, From the supporting myrtles round They snatch’d her instruments of sound, And, as they oft had heard apart Sweet lessons of her forceful art, Each, for Madness ruled the hour, Would prove his own expressive power.

First Fear, his hand, its skill to try, Amid the chords bewilder’d laid, And back recoil’d, he knew not why, Even at the sound himself had made.

Next Anger rush’d his eyes on fire, In lightnings own’d his secret stings, In one rude clash he struck the lyre, And swept with hurried hand the strings.

With woful measures wan Despair Low sullen sounds his grief beguil’d, A sullen, strange, and mingled air, ’Twas sad by fits, by starts ’twas wild.

But thou, O HOPE! with eyes so fair, What was thy delighted measure? Still it whisper’d promis’d pleasure, And bade the lovely scenes at distance hail! Still would her touch the strain prolong, And from the rocks, the woods, the vale, She call’d on ECHO still through all the song; And where her sweetest theme she chose, A soft responsive voice was heard at every close, And Hope enchanted smil’d, and wav’d her golden hair.

And longer had she sung,—but, with a frown, REVENGE impatient rose, He threw his blood-stained sword in thunder down, And, with a withering look, The war-denouncing trumpet took, And blew a blast so loud and dread, Were ne’er prophetic sounds so full of woe. And ever and anon he beat The doubling drum with furious heat; And though sometimes, each dreary pause between, Dejected PITY at his side Her soul-subduing voice applied; Yet still he kept his wild unalter’d mien, While each strain’d ball of sight seem’d bursting from his head,

Thy numbers, JEALOUSY, to nought were fix’d, Sad proof of thy distressful state! Of differing themes the veering song was mix’d, And now it courted LOVE, now raving call’d on HATE. With eyes upraised, as one inspir’d, Pale MELANCHOLY sat retir’d, And from her wild sequester’d seat, In notes by distance made more sweet, Pour’d through the mellow horn her pensive soul: And dashing soft from rocks around, Bubbling runnels join’d the sound; Through glades and glooms the mingled measure stole, Or o’er some haunted streams with fond delay, Round a holy calm diffusing, Love of peace and lonely musing, In hollow murmurs died away.

But oh! how alter’d was its sprightlier tone! When CHEERFULNESS, a nymph of healthiest hue, Her bow across her shoulders flung, Her buskins gemm’d with morning dew, Blew an inspiring air that dale and thicket rung, The hunter’s call to Faun and Dryad known; The oak-crown’d Sisters, and their chaste-eyed Queen, Satyrs and Sylvan boys were seen, Peeping from forth their alleys green; Brown EXERCISE rejoic’d to hear, And SPORT leapt up, and seized his beechen spear.

Last came JOY’S ecstatic trial; He with viny crown advancing, First to the lively pipe his hand address’d; But soon he saw the brisk awakening viol, Whose sweet entrancing voice he lov’d the best. They would have thought who heard the strain, They saw in Tempe’s vale her native maids, Amidst the festal sounding shades, To some unwearied minstrel dancing: While, as his flying fingers kiss’d the strings, LOVE framed with MIRTH a gay fantastic round, Loose were her tresses seen, her zone unbound: And he, amidst his frolic play. As if he would the charming air repay, Shook thousand odours from his dewy wings.

O MUSIC! sphere-descended maid, Friend of PLEASURE, WISDOM’S aid, Why, goddess, why to us denied, Lay’st thou thy ancient lyre aside? As in that lov’d Athenian bower, You learn’d an all-commanding power, Thy mimic soul, O nymph endear’d, Can well recall what then it heard. Where is thy native simple heart, Devote to virtue, fancy, art? Arise, as in that elder time, Warm, energetic, chaste, sublime! Thy wonders, in that god-like age, Fill thy recording Sister’s page. ’Tis said, and I believe the tale, Thy humblest reed could more prevail, Had more of strength, diviner rage, Than all which charms this laggard age, E’en all at once together found Cecilia’s mingled world of sound. O bid our vain endeavours cease, Revive the just designs of Greece; Return in all thy simple state! Confirm the tales her sons relate.

THE ANTI-JACOBIN REVIEW AND MAGAZINE

FOR JULY, 1798.

MAGNA EST VERITAS ET PRÆVALEBIT.

_Art. 1. The Republican Judge, or the American Liberty of the Press, as exhibited, explained, and exposed, in the base and partial Prosecution of William Cobbett, for a pretended Libel against the King of Spain and his Embassador, before the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania. With an Address to the People of England._

_By Peter Porcupine. 8vo., pp. 96. Price 2s. Wright, London._

The past writings of Mr. William Cobbett, who has assumed the appellation of Peter Porcupine, are too well known in England to require any explanation from us, either of _their_ tendency, or of the author’s principles. Were any doubt entertained on the subject, nothing more would be requisite to dispel it than a mere reference to the comments of all the Jacobin Reviewers; who have, without exception, in defiance alike of decency and of truth, lavished on them the most indiscriminate censure and the most scurrilous abuse. Strange as it may appear, it is indisputably true that the individual exertions of Mr. Cobbett have more essentially contributed to give a proper tone to the public spirit in America than all the efforts of the well-disposed part of the native Americans: for a considerable length of time he combated alone a host of foes, “himself a host”; stemmed the impetuous tide of democracy; and checked the irruptions of French anarchy and atheism, which threatened to overwhelm the American States, and, with the ruins of their confliction, to crush everything for which the Americans, at the period of their revolution, professed to fight, and which they have ever since professed to cherish. The adoption of such a line of conduct was alone sufficient to draw down upon our author the vengeance of all whose treasonable designs his manly efforts were intended to defeat. Accordingly, nothing was spared by the infuriated advocates of anarchy to injure him in the public mind, and, by blasting his reputation, to deprive him of that credit which was indispensably necessary to secure the success of his works. No imputation however base, no lie however atrocious, none of those black and diabolical arts, in short, which, issuing from the bubbling cauldron of democracy, were so skilfully employed to blacken the first and fairest character in France, as a necessary prelude to the establishment of the _virtuous_ republic of the Great Nation, were neglected in the _glorious_ attempt to achieve the ruin of this worthy individual. When these were found to fail of producing the desired effect, recourse was had to personal threats—the coward’s weapon—with the hope of inducing him, by the means of intimidation, to quit a country in which his enemies endeavoured to convince him that his life was daily exposed to most imminent danger. But neither the dread of calumny, nor the fear of assassination, could lead the object of their persecution to forego his laudable design. He manfully persevered, and has at length, though not without infinite difficulty, succeeded in opening the eyes of the Americans to their own interest, and in the infamous machinations of France, and of American traitors in the pay of France—for England is not the ONLY country in which foreign gold is employed as a stimulus to domestic treason.[330] In the course of his exertions to produce this desirable end, honest Peter had occasion to comment on the pusillanimous conduct of the Spanish monarch, in bending the knee to, and forming an alliance with, the base plunderers and assassins of his family, and on the insidious and criminal efforts of the Spanish ambassador to strengthen the hands of the French faction in America. These comments, it seems, excited the indignation of Don Carlos Martinez de Trojo, who determined to bring the author to condign punishment; and it was the very unwarrantable conduct which the latter experienced on the occasion that gave rise to the publication before us.

PETER begins his tract by stating the dangers to which he knew himself exposed, on account of his political principles, when he established his residence in the state of Pennsylvania, “where the government, generally speaking, was in the hands of those who had (and sometimes with great indecency) manifested an uniform partiality for the sans-culotte French, and as uniform an opposition to the ministers and measures of the federal government”. That men should ever be placed in situations of trust and importance, whose principles are avowedly adverse to the constitution whence they derive their subsistence, and which it is their bounden duty to protect, is a circumstance that would excite universal astonishment if it did not, unhappily, so often occur. Still the frequency of its occurrence does not alter its nature, nor should it be allowed to diminish that ample portion of censure which must ever attach to the authors of such appointments. It is such conduct as this that justifies one of the wisest observations that ever fell from the pen of Voltaire—“A GOVERNMENT CAN ONLY PERISH BY SUICIDE”—an observation confirmed by the fate of every country that has been recently reduced beneath the iron yoke of republican France.

Aware of his danger, our author thought the best means of averting it was, by seeking for some standard, as a safe rule for his conduct in respect to the liberty of this press. “The English press was said to be _enslaved_; but, when I came to consult the practice of this enslaved press, I found it still to be far too free for me to attempt to follow its example. Finally, it appeared to me to be the safest way, to form to myself some rule founded on the liberty exercised by the _American press_. I concluded that I might without danger go as great lengths in attacking the enemies of the country as others went in attacking its friends: that as much zeal might be shown in defending the general government and administration as in accusing and traducing them: and that as great warmth would be admissible in the cause of virtue, order, and religion, as had been tolerated in the wicked cause of villainy, insurrection, and blasphemy” (p. 21). Alas! Peter, at this time, knew but little of the “spirit and temper,” as MR. BARRISTER ERSKINE would express it, of democracy and Jacobinism. He knew not that the men who profess those principles are for the most part vindictive, malignant, oppressive, and intolerant; and that under the mask of liberty they exercise the most insupportable tyranny over their families and dependents, and that in their general conduct to their inferiors—unless when impelled by interest or urged by ambition, they irritate their passions with toasts and flattery, from a tavern-chair, or influence their minds by seditious discourses and treasonable insinuations, from a tribune or a scaffold—they are supercilious, arrogant, insolent, and overbearing. He knew not, it would seem, that those whose whole duty is to defend the laws often _sleep on their posts_, while their enemies are ever vigilant, active, and alert; that when the former are attacked, a tardiness of zeal, amounting nearly to torpor, secures, with few exceptions, impunity to the assailant; whereas any exposure of the latter draws forth a malignity of revenge which is the certain fore-runner of persecution. Indeed, the inveteracy of the discontented, of that class which includes all those who aspire to the possession of place and power, and are little scrupulous about the means of attaining them; and all the determined revolutionists or subverters of established institutions, may be traced to a natural source. Unable to support by reason a cause which reason disavows, unable to strengthen by arguments positions which set all argument at defiance, it becomes their business to inflame by passion and to dazzle with sophistry. Hence arises an extreme facility of exposing their weakness and detecting their infamy, and not having the means of resisting such exposure, being wholly destitute of the sentiments which are necessary for a successful reply, they are reduced to the degrading alternative of abandoning the field to a triumphant adversary, or of seeking, by the adoption of violent measures, to punish the opponent whom they did not dare to encounter. This it is that renders revenge an active principle in _their_ minds.

The first step taken by the Spanish ambassador was an application to the federal government to prosecute our author “for certain matters published in his Gazette against himself and that poor, unfortunate, and humbled mortal, Charles IV., King of Spain”. The government consented, and Peter was accordingly bound over to appear in the federal district court before _Judge Peters_. Don Carlos, however, soon found that his prosecution would be more likely to succeed, if brought in a district where the defendant had more personal enemies, and where the people were more generally disposed to the adoption of revolutionary principles. A memorial was, accordingly, “delivered in to the federal government, requesting that the trial might come on before the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania, of which Court _McKean is Chief Justice_”. Of this _republican_ Judge our author gives such an account as must convey to English minds a strange idea of the administration of _republican_ Justice. It is to be found in P. 22—When Britons contemplate the character here delineated, and contrast it with the characters of their own Judges to which even the licentious tongue of faction has not dared to impute the smallest stain, their bosoms must glow with satisfaction of the most exalted kind; they must exult in the superior excellence of that form of government and of those laws which effectually secure them from the evils of a vicious, corrupt, or partial distribution of justice. After giving an historical detail of the proceedings against him, accompanied by copies of the warrant to apprehend him, the imputed libels, the bill of indictment, and the Judge’s charge, Peter exclaims—“This, when it comes to be served up in Britain, will be a dish for a king. The royalists will lick their lips, and the republicans will cry, God bless us! The emigrations _for liberty’s sake_ will cease, and we shall have nothing but the pure unadulterated dregs of Newgate and the Fleet, the candidates for Tyburn and Botany Bay—Blessed cargo! All _patriots_ to the backbone: true philanthropists and universal citizens: fit for any place but England in this world and heaven in the next!”

But, notwithstanding the Judge’s charge, the most partial and scandalous charge, we conceive, that ever was delivered _out of France_, the Grand Jury refused to find the bill, and the prosecution of course ceased. The Judge, not less disappointed than the prosecutor, on this occasion, took an early opportunity—to his infamy be it recorded!—of declaring from the Bench that the Grand Jury would not _do their duty_. What would the disaffected in this country say were any British Judge to use such language? The gross imputations cast upon the character of our author by this _impartial_ Judge, have extorted from Peter a tribute of justice to himself which the occasion most amply justifies. As the account here given perfectly accords with all the information we have received from persons of undoubted veracity who know him well, and as it fully corroborates the opinion we ourselves have formed of him, from an attentive perusal of his publications, we shall extract it for the satisfaction of our readers:—“It hardly ever becomes a man to say much of his private character or concerns; but on this occasion I trust I shall be indulged for a moment. I will say, and I will make that saying good, whosoever shall oppose it, that I never attacked any one, whose private character is not, in every light in which it can possibly be viewed as far beneath mine as infamy is beneath honour. Nay, I defy the city of Philadelphia, populous as it is, and respectable as are many of its inhabitants, to produce me a single man who is more sober, industrious, or honest; who is a kinder husband, a tenderer father, a better master, a fonder friend, or (though last not least) a more zealous and faithful subject.

“Most certainly it is unseemly in any one to say this much of himself unless compelled to it by some public outrage on his character; but when the accusation is made notorious so ought the defence; and I do again and again repeat, that I fear not a comparison between my character and that of any man in this city: no, not even with that of the very Judge, who held me as the worst of miscreants. His Honour is welcome, if he please, to carry this comparison into _all_ the actions of our lives, public and _domestic_, and to extend it beyond ourselves to _every branch of our families_.

“As to my writing, I never did slander any one, if the promulgation of useful truths be not slander. Innocence and virtue I have often endeavoured to defend, but I never defamed either. I have, indeed, stripped the close-drawn veil of hypocrisy; I have ridiculed the follies, and lashed the vices of thousands, and have done it sometimes perhaps with a rude and violent hand. But these are not the days for gentleness and mercy. Such as is the temper of the foe, such must be that of his opponent. Seeing myself published as a rogue, _and my wife a whore_; being persecuted with such infamous, such base and hellish calumny in the _philanthropic_ city of Philadelphia, merely for asserting _the truth_ respecting others, was not calculated, I assure you, to sweeten my temper, and turn my ink into honey-dew.

“My attachment to order and good government, nothing but the impudence of Jacobinism can deny. The object not only of my own publications, but also of all those which I have introduced or encouraged, from the first moment that I appeared on the public scene to the present day, has been to lend some aid in stemming the torrent of anarchy and confusion. To undeceive the misguided, by tearing the mask from the artful and ferocious villains who owing to the infatuation of the poor, and the supineness of the rich, have made such fearful progress in the destruction of all that is amiable and good and sacred among men. To the government of this country in particular it has been my constant study to yield all the support in my power. When that government, or the worthy men who administer it have been traduced and vilified, I have stood forward in their defence, and that too, in times when its friends were some of them locked up in silence, and others giving way to the audacious violence of its foes. Not that I am so foolishly vain as to attribute to my illiterate voter a thousandth part of the merit my friends are inclined to allow it. As I wrote the other day to a gentleman who had paid me some compliments on this score, ‘I should never look on my family with a dry eye if I did not hope to outlive my works’. They are mere transitory beings to which the revolutionary storm has given life, and which with that storm will expire. But, what I contend for and what nobody can deny, I have done all that laid in my power, all that I was able by any means to accomplish in order to counteract the nefarious effects of the enemies of the American government and nation.

“With respect to religion, altho’ Mr. M’Kean was pleased to number it among the things that were in danger from the licentiousness of the press, and of course from poor _me_, I think it would puzzle the devil himself to produce from my writings, a single passage, which could, by all the powers of perversion be twisted into an attack upon it. But it would on the contrary be extremely easy to prove, that I have at all times, when an opportunity offered, repelled the attacks of its enemies, the abominable battalions of Deists and Atheists, with all my heart, with all my mind, with all my soul, and with all my strength. The bitterest drop in my pen has ever been bestowed upon them; because, of all the foes of the human race, I look upon them, after the devil, as being the greatest and most dreadful. Not a sacrilegious plunderer from Henry VIII. to Condorcet, and from Condorcet to the impious Sans-culottes of France, has escaped my censure. All those, who have attempted to degrade religion whether by open insults and cruelties to the clergy, by blasphemous publications or by the more dangerous poison of the malignant modern philosophy, I have ranked amongst the most infamous of mankind, and have treated them accordingly.”

In the concluding part of his tract the author clearly convicts the Judge of the most decided and most flagrant partiality. He quotes a number of infamous libels, on religious and political subjects, which had never roused the indignation, nor even excited the censure, of those whose duty it is to preserve the public peace and to enforce a due observance of the laws. If, indeed, we were to judge, from this specimen, of the mode of administring justice in America, in matters of libel, we should conclude, that every degree of licentiousness is allowed to those who seek to debauch the minds of the people, to seduce them from their allegiance, and to dissolve every tie which religion and morality have formed for the happiness of men in a social state, while the upright supporters of virtue, whose labours are directed to the prevention of anarchy and rebellion, by detecting the views and exposing the machinations of their abettors, are the sole objects not merely of _pro_secution but of _per_secution.

The abuse bestowed on the mild and beneficent sovereigns of these realms by the Democratic factions in the American Congress, is almost equal in severity to the censures lavished by some members of opposition during the _last_ parliament in the British Senate, on the Kings of Prussia and Hungary, _before_ those monarchs had become allies of _France_.

The following extracts will, at once, afford a criterion of the political principles of public men, in the State of Pennsylvania, and a curious specimen of republican _morality_.

“The _Governor_ (Mifflin) attended at a civic festival, when the following toasts were drunk, which were published in most of the newspapers.[331]

“‘Those _illustrious citizens_ sent to Botany Bay. May they be _speedily recalled_ by their country in _the day of her regeneration_.’

“‘May the spirit of parliamentary reform in Britain and Ireland _burst the bonds of corruption, and overwhelm the foes of liberty_.’

“‘The _sans-culottes_ of France. May the robes of _all_ the _Emperors_, _Kings_, _Princes_, and _Potentates_ [not excepting the _King of Spain_] now employed in suppressing the flame of liberty, be cut up to make breeches.’

“This is pretty ‘_decent_’ in a _Governor_; but without stopping to remark on the peculiar _decency_ of his toasting a gang of _convicts_, let us come to another instance of his conduct, full as ‘_decent_’ as this.

“At the civic festival, held in this city in 1794, to celebrate the dethronement of ‘our great and good ally, Louis XVI.’ there were ‘assembled,’ according to the ‘_procès verbal_’ which was sent to the Paris convention, ‘the CHIEFS, _civil and military_’. This _procès verbal_ contains a letter to the convention, in which the following honourable mention is made of the governor. ‘The Governor of Pennsylvania, that _ardent friend of the French republic_, was present, and partook of _all our enthusiasm_ and _all our sentiments_.’[332]

“I believe they spoke truth; for the cannons of the State were fired, and military companies, with drums beating and colours flying, attended the execrable fête, one of the ceremonies of which was _burning the English flag_; and as to the sentiments contained in the _oaths_ and _speeches_ (for there were both) they abounded in insults towards almost all the princes of the earth, but particularly the King of Great Britain.

“A Judge of Pennsylvania, REDMAN, was, in November, 1795, caught thieving in the shop of MR. FOLWELL, the dry-goods merchant in Front Street. MR. FOLWELL detected him, took the money ($300) from him, and kicked him into the street. His _friends_, among the most intimate of whom was His Excellency the Governor, advised him to _retire_; and he is still living at his ease about 20 miles from the city. No justice was ever done to him; he was never censured, not even in the newspapers! Such is the cowardly, base, and worthless press of America. Such are _republican judges_, and such is republican morality! But this is not the worst. I know a Judge who _committed murder_! wilful murder, and that, too, previous to his appointment by this our republican Governor!

“I only give a sort of hint here. One day or other if it pleases God to spare my life, I will publish such a collection of facts as will shock the universe.

“A Pennsylvania _Judge’s wife_ had, a little while ago, a child, by a man who kept a livery stable. The _lady_ says, the stableman is the best of the two and so has married him, though _his Honour_ is still living. I need not name the parties, for though the cowardly newspapers have never noticed the affair it is notorious enough.

“There are more bastards born annually in the single state of Pennsylvania, than in all the British dominions: and as to cuckoldom, I will only say that every paper teems with _advertisements of wives eloped_ from the bed and board of their husbands. I do not hence insinuate that there are _no good people_ here. There are many. As many as in most countries; but then people will, and do allow, that the morals of the country are approaching fast to that state, which has never yet failed to prove the ruin of every thing held in esteem amongst men.”

In proving the falsehood of the assertion so frequently repeated, as well on this as on the other side of the Atlantic, that “in _America_ the press is _free_ and truth is _not_ a libel,” our author adverts to a letter of DR. PRIESTLEY’S on that subject which he promises hereafter to expose more fully (a promise which we trust he will not forget); and then introduces the following curious anecdote, which we extract for the benefit of the Doctor’s political friends and admirers in Europe. “But since the Doctor wrote that letter it seems experience has changed his opinion. He has suffered the just punishment of his malignancy against his country; he has been cheated, neglected, and scorned. He is now in an obscurity hardly penetrable; he is reduced to poverty and bursting with vexation” (may a restless spirit of innovation, springing from, and nourished by, a bigotted vanity and a turbulent pride ever experience a similar fate)! All this has had an effect; and I will state as a fact, which I call upon him to deny if he can, that he has lately declared “that _Republican governments are the most arbitrary in the world_”! This MACHIAVEL had said before, and this all unprejudiced men of reading and observation had long since admitted; but, we confess we little expected to hear DOCTOR PRIESTLEY subscribe to the creed of the one, or to the acknowledgments of the other. Adversity, however, is an able advocate in the cause of TRUTH.

The Address to the People of England, which is prefixed to the publication, is short, but pointed and expressive. It breathes the true spirit of a Briton. Of the literary merit of the work, after the ample analysis which we have given of its contents, and the extracts which we have made, little remains to be said. We agree with the publisher, who in the Advertisement says: “The author has been more anxious to strengthen his arguments than to polish his style, to convince the judgment than to flatter the taste,” but those critics must be more “_delicate_” or fastidious who can reject substantial advantages for fanciful defects. Though Peter aim not at embellishments, he possesses great strength and energy of language, and generally writes with more accuracy than most of the American authors, who, be it observed, have a phraseology peculiar to themselves. This tract contains much important information, and we strenuously recommend it to the serious perusal of our countrymen; particularly to such of them as are disposed to question the superior advantages which they enjoy, over ALL republican states under our own well-poised and limited MONARCHY. The following admonitions with which the author concludes, will, we trust, have a due effect on the minds of those to whom they are addressed. “Such, _Britons_, is the fruit of republican government _here_; not among the apish and wolfish French, but among a people descended from the same ancestors as yourselves. When your monarchial government bears such fruits, let it, I say, be hewn down and cast into the fire; but till that disgraceful and dreadful day comes, watch over it with care and defend it to the last drop of your blood, preserve it as you would a golden casket, the apple of your eye, or the last dear gift of your dying parents. With this I conclude, praying the God of our fathers to lead you in the practice of all their virtues, to give wisdom to your minds and strength to your arms, to keep you firm and united, honest and generous, loyal, brave, and free; but above all, to preserve you from the desolating and degrading curse of revolutionary madness and modern _republicanism_.”

PETER PORCUPINE’S WILL.

[By WILLIAM COBBETT. Published in _The Anti-Jacobin Review and Magazine_; or Monthly Political and Literary Censor: from July to December, 1798. Vol. i., pp. 725–8.—ED.]

In the name of Fun, Amen. I PETER PORCUPINE, Pamphleteer and Newsmonger, being (as yet) sound both in body and in mind, do, this fifteenth day of _April_, in the Year of our Lord, one thousand seven hundred and ninety-seven, make, declare, and publish, this my LAST WILL AND TESTAMENT, in manner, form, and substance following; to wit:

IN PRIMIS,

I leave my body to Doctor Michael Lieb, a member of the Legislature of Pennsylvania, to be by him dissected (if he knows how to do it) in presence of the Rump of the Democratic Society. In it they will find a heart that held them in abhorrence, that never palpitated at their threats, and that, to its last beat, bade them defiance. But my chief motive for making this bequest is, that my spirit may look down with contempt on their cannibal-like triumph over a breathless corpse.

_Item._ As I make no doubt that the above said Doctor Lieb (and some other Doctors that I could mention) would like very well to skin me, I request that they, or one of them may do it, and that the said Lieb’s father may tan my skin; after which I desire my Executors to have seven copies of my Works complete, bound in it, one copy to be presented to the Five Sultans of France, one to each of their Divans, one to the Governor of Pennsylvania, to Citizens Maddison, Giles, and Gallatin one each, and the remaining one to the Democratic Society of Philadelphia, to be carefully preserved among their archives.

_Item._ To the Mayor, Aldermen, and Councils of the City of Philadelphia, I bequeath all the sturdy young hucksters, who infest the market, and who to maintain their bastards, tax the honest inhabitants many thousand pounds annually. I request them to take them into their worshipful keeping; to chasten their bodies for the good of their souls; and moreover to keep a sharp look-out after their gallants; and remind the latter of the old proverb: _Touch pot, touch penny_.

_Item._ To T—— J——son, Philosopher, I leave a curious Norway Spider, with a hundred legs and nine pair of eyes; likewise the first black cut-throat general he can catch hold of, to be flead alive, in order to determine with more certainty the real cause of the dark colour of his skin; and should the said T—— J——son survive Banneker the Almanack Maker; I request he will get the brains of said Philomath carefully dissected, to satisfy the world in what respects they differ from those of a white man.

_Item._ To the Philosophical Society of Philadelphia, I will and bequeath a correct copy of Thornton’s plan for abolishing the use of the English language, and for introducing in its stead a republican one, the representative characters of which bear a strong resemblance to pot-hooks and hangers; and for the discovery of which plan, the said society did, in the year 1793, grant to the said language maker 500 dollars premium. It is my earnest desire, that the copy of this valuable performance, which I hereby present, may be shown to all the travelling literati, as a proof of the ingenuity of the author and of the wisdom of the society.

_Item._ To Doctor Benjamin Rush, I will and bequeath a copy of _The Censor_ for January, 1797; but, upon the express condition, that he does not in anywise or guise, either at the time of my death, or _Six months after_, pretend to speak, write, or publish an eulogium on me, my calling or character, either literary, military, civil, or political.

_Item._ To my dear fellow labourer Noah Webster, “gentleman-citizen,” Esq. and News-man, I will and bequeath a prognosticating barometer of curious construction and great utility, by which, at a single glance, the said Noah will be able to discern the exact state that the public mind will be in in the ensuing year, and will thereby be enabled to _trim by degrees_ and not expose himself to detection, as he now does by his sudden lee-shore tacks. I likewise bequeath to the said “gentleman-citizen,” six Spanish milled dollars, to be expended on a new plate of his portrait at the head of his spelling book, that which graces it at present being so ugly that it scares the children from their lessons; but this legacy is to be paid him only upon condition that he leave out the title of _’Squire_, at the bottom of said picture, which is extremely odious in an American school-book, and must inevitably tend to corrupt the political principles of the republican babies that behold it. And I do most earnestly desire, exhort and conjure the said ’Squire news-man, to change the title of his paper, _The Minerva_, for that of _The Political Centaur_.

_Item._ To F. A. Mughlenburg, Esq., Speaker of a late house of Representatives of the United States, I leave a most superbly finished statue of Janus.

_Item._ To Tom the Tinker, I leave a liberty-cap, a tricoloured cockade, a wheel-barrow full of oysters, and a hogshead of grog: I also leave him three blank checks on the bank of Pennsylvania, leaving to him the task of _filling them up_; requesting him, however, to be rather more merciful than he has shown himself heretofore.

_Item._ To the Governor of Pennsylvania, and to the late President and Cashier of the Bank of the said State, as to joint Legatees, I will and bequeath that good old proverb: _Honesty is the best policy_. And this legacy I have chosen for these worthy gentlemen, as the only thing about which I am sure they will never disagree.

_Item._ To T—— Coxe, of Philadelphia, citizen, I will and bequeath a crown of hemlock, as a recompense for his attempt to throw an odium on the administration of General Washington; and I most positively enjoin my Executors, to see that the said crown be shaped exactly like that which this spindle-shanked legatee wore before Gen. Howe, when he made his triumphal entry into Philadelphia.

_Item._ To Thomas Lord Bradford (otherwise called Goosy Tom), Bookseller, Printer, News-man, and member of the Philosophical Society of Philadelphia, I will and bequeath a copy of the peerage of Great Britain, in order that the said Lord Thomas may the more exactly ascertain what probability there is of his succeeding to the seat, which his noble relation now fills in the House of Lords.

_Item._ To all and singular the authors in the United States, whether they write verse or prose, I will and bequeath a copy of my Life and Adventures; and I advise the said authors to study with particular care the 40th and 41st pages thereof; more especially and above all things, I exhort and conjure them never to _publish it together_, though the bookseller should be a saint.

_Item._ To Edmund Randolph, Esq., late Secretary of State, to Mr. J. A. Dallas, Secretary of the State of Pennsylvania, and to His Excellency, Thomas Miffin, Governor of the said unfortunate State, I will and bequeath, to each of them, a copy of the sixteenth paragraph of Fauchet’s _intercepted letter_.

_Item._ To Citizen John Swanwick, member of Congress, by the will and consent of the sovereign people, I leave bills of Exchange on London to an enormous amount; they are _all protested_, indeed, but if properly managed, may be turned to good account. I likewise bequeath to the said John a small treatise by an Italian author, wherein the secret of pleasing the ladies is developed, and reduced to a mere mechanical operation, without the least dependence on the precarious aid of the passions. Hoping that these instances of my liberality will produce, in the mind of the little legislature, effects quite different from those produced therein by the King of Great Britain’s pension to his parents.

_Item._ To the Editors of the _Boston Chronicle_, the _New York Argus_, and the _Philadelphia Merchants’ Advertiser_, I will and bequeath one ounce of modesty and love of truth, to be equally divided between them.

I should have been more liberal in this bequest, were I not well assured, that one ounce is more than they will ever make use of.

_Item._ To Franklin Bache, Editor of the _Aurora of Philadelphia_, I will and bequeath a small bundle of French assignats, which I brought with me from the country of equality. If these should be too light in value for his pressing exigencies, I desire my executors, or any one of them, to bestow on him a second part to what he has lately received in Southwark: and as a further proof of my good will and affection, I request him to accept of a gag and a brand new pair of fetters, which, if he should refuse, I will and bequeath him in lieu thereof—my malediction.

_Item._ To my beloved countrymen, the people of Old England, I will and bequeath a copy of Doctor Priestley’s _Charity Sermon for the benefit of poor Emigrants_; and to the said preaching philosopher himself, I bequeath a heart full of disappointment, grief, and despair.

_Item._ To the good people of France, who remain attached to their sovereign, particularly to those among whom I was hospitably received, I bequeath each a good strong dagger: hoping most sincerely that they may yet find courage enough to carry them to the hearts of their abominable tyrants.

_Item._ To Citizen M——oe, I will and bequeath my chamber looking-glass. It is a plain but exceeding true mirror; in it he will see the exact likeness of a traitor, who has bartered the honour and interest of his country to a perfidious and savage enemy.

_Item._ To the Republican Britons, who have fled from the hands of justice in their own country, and who are a scandal, a nuisance, and a disgrace to this, I bequeath hunger and nakedness, scorn and reproach; and I do hereby positively enjoin on my executors to contribute five hundred dollars towards the erection of gallowses and gibbets, for the accommodation of the said imported patriots, when the legislators of this unhappy state shall have the wisdom to countenance such useful establishments.

_Item._ My friend, J. T. Callender, the runaway from Scotland, is, of course, a partaker in the last mentioned legacy; but as a particular mark of my attention, I will and bequeath him twenty feet of pine plank, which I request my executors to see made into a pillory, to be kept for his particular use, till a gibbet can be prepared.

_Item._ To Tom Paine, the author of _Common Sense_, _Rights of Man_, _Age of Reason_, and a _Letter to General Washington_, I bequeath a strong hempen collar, as the only legacy I can think of that is worthy of him as well as best adapted to render his death in some measure as infamous as his life: and I do hereby direct and order my Executors to send it to him by the first safe conveyance with my compliments, and request that he would make use of it without delay, that the national razor may not be disgraced by the head of such a monster.

_Item._ To the gaunt outlandish orator, vulgarly called the Political Sinner, who in the just order of things follows next after the last mentioned legatee, I bequeath the honour of partaking in his catastrophe; that in their deaths, as well as in their lives, all the world may exclaim: “_See how rogues hang together_”.

_Item._ To all and singular the good people of these States, I leave peace, union, abundance, happiness, untarnished honour, and an unconquerable everlasting hatred to the French Revolutionists and their destructive abominable principles.

_Item._ To each of my Subscribers I leave a _quill_, hoping that in their hands it may become a sword against every thing that is hostile to the government and independence of their country.

_Lastly._ To my three brothers, Paul, Simon, and Dick, I leave my whole estate, as well real as personal (first paying the foregoing legacies) to be equally divided between them, share and share alike. And I do hereby make and constitute my said three brothers the Executors of this my LAST WILL; to see the same performed, according to its true intent and meaning, as far as in their power lies.

PETER PORCUPINE.

Witnesses present,

Philo Fun, } Jack Jockus. }

THE VISION OF LIBERTY.

_Written in the manner of Spenser._

[As the virulent style of political writing prevalent ninety years ago is now but little known, the present edition of _The Poetry of the Anti-Jacobin_ seemed a convenient medium for giving some specimens of it which appeared in _The Anti-Jacobin Review and Magazine_, a work conducted on the same principles, but by different writers, and with the cognizance of the government. Two of them were by W. COBBETT, who, had he been less arrogant and contentious, and more consistent, would have been, in the words of Lord Dalling, “a very great man in the world; as it was he made a great noise in it”. (See pp. 311–319.)

_The Vision of Liberty_ is by C. KIRKPATRICK SHARPE, an author and artist much esteemed by Scottish antiquarians, of which specimens only need be given. Of _The Anarchists_, the author is not known.]

I.

O wretched man, how long wilt thou refuse Thy Maker’s favour, and His mercy great? How long thy worldly happiness abuse, And growl and grumble at thy present state? Seeking accursed change both soon and late, And newest modes allured still to try— England, beware God’s wrath to aggravate, For foreign magic blinds thy charmed eye, And Liberty, sweet Liberty, is now the constant cry.

II.

As on my couch in slumber’s arms I lay, A vision did my senses entertain; Of late, me thought in France I miss’d my way, Amid a columnless deserted plain; No man or beast upon it did remain, Swept off by Discord’s wide destroying strife: Ne planted fence, ne field of waving grain, Marking the toiling farmer’s busy life, But ruined huts and castles, brent, were wondrous rife.

III.

Yet on this plain, most goodly to behold, Saw I a temple tow’ring to the sky, The dome where of was made of basest gold, Most false, but yet most lovely to the eye; And rotting pillars reareth it on high, Of ghastly human heads, and clotted gore, With dust, y’mixt the mortar doth supply, While foulest birds still round this temple soar, And filthy serpents hiss, and giant hyenas roar.

IV.

Among the heads that did the mass compose, Three royal skulls were there—one of a king— Meek saint, who never once revil’d his foes, His bloody foes that him to scaffold bring; One of a maid; O heaven! that I could sing With Spenser’s tongue, her spotless purity, Her holy zeal, in courts so rare a thing, By lawless fiends condemn’d she was to die, And sent, untimely sent, to seek her native sky.

V.

The third I marked with melancholy eyes, A female head, that once a crown did wear, Cut off in life’s full bloom, now low she lies, The loose loves weeping o’er her early bier, Nor Virtue’s self denies a tender tear; So young a creature, wonder not she fell, And left the paths of chastity severe, Debauched by a court where lust did dwell Like treach’rous Circe, skill’d in many a witching spell.

VI.

Ah! where are now her gorgeous robes of state, The glitt’ring gems that did her fairness deck? The cringing nobles that on her did wait, The high-born dames that kneeled at her beck? Alas! a ghastly face, a bloody neck, A simple winding-sheet is now her share; Look here, ye proud ones, on this mighty wreck, And learn what perishable stuff ye are, From her poor mangled carcase, once so sweet and fair.

VII.

And on the ground there lay a murder’d child, A piteous sight it was, and full of woe, Who, when alive, by every art defil’d, With poison, they at last did overthrow, Wretches, who never ruth or conscience know; O lovely flowret cropt by villain hands, How will thy butchers dread th’ almighty brow, Arm’d with frowns, when each at judgment stands, And God the meed of murder from His throne commands.

VIII.

Then o’er the portal was this motto plac’d, “The house of liberty,” in gold y’writ, And, vent’ring in, I stood like one amaz’d Such sights of horror on my heart-strings smit. There Infidelity, in moody fit, Hugg’d Suicide—there Rage, and deadly Fears, There Lechery, with goatish leer did sit, And Murder, quaffing up his victim’s tears, With thousand other crimes, too foul for human ears.

IX.

In ’mid the house an image stood in state, Like to VOLTAIRE in visage and in shape, Wither’d his heart with fellest rage and hate Shrivell’d and lean his carcase like an ape And numerous crowds upon the same did gape, As he all-naked stood to every eye; Above an altar covered with crape, And formed of his books one might descry, Profane and lewd it was, and cramm’d with many a lie.

X.

And still from ’neath the altar roared he, As from a bull lowing in cavern deep, “Come worship me, _O men_, come worship me; Spit on the cross, of Jesus take no keep, I promise you an everlasting sleep; The soul and body both shall turn to clay; Ye penitents, why do ye sigh and weep? Let not damnation’s terrors you affray, Come learn my lore that drives all foolish fears away”.

· · · · ·

XIV.

Next came that cursed felon THOMAS PAINE, Mounted upon a tiger fierce and fell; And still a shower of blood on him doth rain, With tears that from the eyes of widows well; Loud in his ears the cries of orphans yell; The axe impending o’er his head alway While devils wait to catch his soul to hell, The knave is fill’d with anguish and dismay— And anxious round he looks, even straws do him affray.

XV.

Then saw I mounted on a braying ass WILLIAM and MARY, sooth, a couple jolly; Who married, note ye how it came to pass, Although each held that marriage was but folly.

· · · · ·

XVIII.

Then came MARIA HELEN WILLIAMS STONE, Sitting upon a goat with bearded chin; And she hath written volumes many a one; Better the idle jade had learned to spin.

· · · · ·

XIX.

Next mounted on a monster like a louse, With parchments loaded, came a man of law,[333] Sprung from an ancient Caledonian house, Cunningly could he quibble out a flaw; And this sage man would chatter like a daw, To prove the moon green cheese, and black, pure white, Spitting out treason from his greedy maw; To breed sedition was his chief delight, And scratch men’s scabs to ulcers still with all his might.

XX.

Then on an Irish bull of skin and bone, A foul churl[334] rode, who still a harp would strum, A harp Hibernian, stringless saving one, Well tun’d to harsh sedition’s growling hum; He hit the bull on which he had his bum Full many a bitter pang, nor gave him rest— Dealing his blows on Teagues that round him come, Grieving the while for man and brute opprest, Chaunting the Irish howl, abhorr’d of man and beast.

XXI.

O IRELAND, spot accurs’d—tho’ glorious fair, Shines there the sun, the flowers enamell’d blow, And scent, with fragrance sweet, the balmy air, Rippling the gliding pools that softly flow; No noxious reptile there to man a foe Abides, but black revenge with cautious plan, Cool-blooded cruelty with torments slow, Springs rank; with weeds the goodly soil’s o’er-ran, And all the reptile’s venom rankles in the man.

XXII.

Then in a gorgeous car of beaten gold, Drove on a portly man, of mighty rank,[335] A person comely, of extraction old; But, carrion-like, his reputation stank; Sly was the wight, with crafty quip and crank, To cram with glittering coin his bursting bags; Yet whilom taxing-men play’d him a prank, By catching in their traps some strayed nags, And eke some livery slaves, in miser’s livery rags.

XXIII.

Then on a turtle came proud London’s Mayor, Followed by Aldermen, a frowsy crew, Strong smelling of Cheapside, and luscious fair, Yet apoplexy made his followers few. Long antlers on the head of each man grew, So that they seem’d a host of moving horn; Anon as on they came they’d mump and chew, Stuffing their guts from dawning of the morn, Till shades of evening fell—for eating only born.

XXIV.

On a cock sparrow fed with Spanish flies, A swilling Captain came, with liquor mellow, And still the crowd in hideous uproar cries,[336] “Sing us a bawdy song, thou d——d good fellow”, Incontinent he sets himself to bellow, And shouts with all the strength that in him lies; The Citizets exclaim, “He’s sans pareilly O”; The Citizens in raptures roll their eyes, And drink with leathern ears, the fool’s lewd ribaldries.

XXV.

On came these wights, and many more beside, Thick as the grains of sand upon the shore, Thick as a swarm of flies in summer tide, That on a dunghill hive and hover o’er; Most had their hides all scall’d, their trousers tore; Many sans breeches, shameless trudg’d along, And many a noble knave and titled w——e, With Irish bog-trotters would crowd and throng, Carolling catches base, and filthy French chanson.

XXVI.

Like roaring waves they cover’d all the plain; And tho’ equality they still requir’d, Each cudgell’d sore his breast with might and main, Each to get foremost ardently desir’d. Some fell into the dirt, and foul were mir’d, The rest rode over them and took no heed. Their yells, with patriotic ardour fired, So made my flesh to quake with very dread, That Morpheus left my couch, and all the vision fled.

The insertion of the foregoing poem (which was never printed) into your entertaining and useful publication, will much oblige,

Your humble servant, C. K.

INDEX TO THE _ANTI-JACOBIN_.

_4th Edition, 1799; 2 vols., 8vo._

A.

_Abuse_, a new and approved method of conveying, vol. i., p. 502.

_Acme and Septimius_, or the Happy Union, vol. i., p. 452.

_Advertisements_: Government strenuously advised to withdraw them from the Jacobin Papers, vol. ii., p. 119.

_Advertisements_, Government, withdrawn from the Jacobin Papers, vol. ii., pp. 308, 490.

_Address_ of City of Londonderry to Lord Camden, vol. i., p. 356; His Lordship’s Reply, 358.

_Ad—r_, Mr. Robert, tries to imitate Mr. Burke’s style, vol. i., p. 377—fails egregiously—mistakes a coffin for a corpse—transmutes the head of the house of Russell into lead, p. 378—writes half a letter to Mr. Fox—and puts the world in high good humour, p. 422.

_Agricola_: his letter on the advantages of a well-regulated economy, vol. i., p. 583.

_Anecdotes_ respecting Lord Duncan’s victory, vol. i., pp. 38, 107.

_Appropriate_ Speech—See Lord William Russell.

_Assessed Taxes_: benefits arising from trebling them, vol. i., p. 16—horrible effects of, vol. i., pp. 347, 503.

_Assessed Taxes_ evaded by the Duke of Bedford—See _Bedford_, Duke of.

B.

_Bachelor_: his letter, vol. i., p. 258—his definition of a patriot, vol. i., p. 261.

_Bacchus_: a life of him forged by the _Morning Chronicle_ for the diabolical purpose of burlesquing the life and death, and resurrection and ascension of Our BLESSED SAVIOUR, vol. i., p. 220, &c.

_Ballynahinch_, a _loyal_ town of Lord Moira’s—a meeting of rebel delegates held there, vol. i., p. 83.

_Ballynahinch_, a new song, vol. ii., p. 603.

_Ballynahinchers_: loyal countenances of, read by Lord Moira, vol. ii., p. 507—loyal professions of, heard by ditto—rob the king’s stores—debauch his troops—attack them, and are cut to pieces, vol. ii., p. 519.

_Bedford_, Duke of: his Surcharge of 25 Servants and 17 Horses, vol i., pp. 230, 254.

_Bedford_, Duke of: justified for evading the Assessed Taxes, by the _Morning Post_, vol. i., p. 255—and by the _Morning Chronicle_, p. 297—proved to have gained much honour by evading the Assessed Taxes, by the _Morning Post_, vol. i., p. 256—cleared from any attempt to evade the Assessed Taxes, by a note of admiration, by the _Courier_, p. 350.

_Beresford_, Mr., character of him, vol. ii., p. 556.

_Bit_ of an Ode to Mr. Fox, vol. i., p. 422.

_Blockade_ of the Seine, vol. i., pp. 571, 616.

_Blasphemy_ attempted without success by the _Morning Post_, vol. i., p. 505—and by the _Courier_—fully succeeded in by the _Morning Chronicle_, vol. i., p. 325, &c.

_Bosville_, Mr., Banker to the Corresponding Society, vol. i., p. 409.

_Brownrigg_, Mrs.: Inscription for the Door of her Cell in Newgate, vol. i., p. 35.

_British Merchant_, his Letter on the misrepresentations of the Party, with respect to the continuance of the War, vol. i., p. 593.

_Brissot’s_ Ghost, vol. ii., p. 236.

_Burdett_, Sir Something: his affectionate mention of Mr. Paine at the Shakespeare Tavern, vol. i., p. 136.

_Burdett_, Sir Francis, runner to the Corresponding Society, vol. i., p. 408.

_Buonaparté_: his health given by Mr. Macfungus, vol. i., p. 35—his Letter to the Commandant at Zanté, vol. ii., p. 535.

C.

_Camille Jordan_, asserts that one of our Jacobin Newspapers is in the pay of France, vol. i., pp. 507, 622; vol. ii., pp. 17, 51, 86, 488.

_Cambridge Intelligencer_, detected and exposed, vol. ii., pp. 263, 296.

_Chevy Chase_; a Ballad to the Tune of, vol. ii., p. 21.

_Choice_, The: an Ode, vol. i., p. 263.

_Clare_, The Earl of, Character of, vol. ii., p. 544.

_Clare_, Earl of: proposes a question respecting the extent of Lord Moira’s DUPERY, vol. ii., p. 518.

_Clever_: See Mr. Robert Ad—r, vol. i., p. 422.

_Coughing_ and laughing: See Mr. John Nicholls, vol. i., p. 186.

_Courtney_, Mr., fully convicted of kidnapping—rhymes, vol. i., p. 376.

_Coalition_, The New: an Ode, vol. i., p. 599.

_Coalition_ of Kings, vol. ii., p. 546.

_Constant_ Reader: his Letter on the Designs of our foreign and domestic Enemies, vol. i., pp. 544, 597.

_Courier_, The; a mad—and foolish—and odious—and contemptible paper, _passim_. Picked up by a Gentleman in the streets, for the sake of its superior information!!! vol. ii., p. 230.

D.

_Detector_: his Letter on the pretended Treaty of Pavia, vol. i., p. 474—On the Treaty of Pilnitz, vol. ii., p. 37—On the Coalition of Kings, vol. ii., p. 546.

_Description_ of a very extraordinary Plant now growing at Paris, vol. ii., p. 573.

_Description_ of Mr. Fox’s Radical Reform, vol. i., p. 396.

_Description_ of a Scribbler for the Jacobin Papers, vol. i., p. 613.

_Description_ of the Jacobin Prints, vol. ii., p. 119.

_Decius Mus_: his account of the Secessions in the Roman Common Wealth, vol. i., p. 261.

_Dismissal_ of the Duke of Norfolk, vol. i., p. 429.

_Duncan_, Lord: Anecdotes relative to his Victory, vol. i., pp. 38, 107.

_Duke_, The, and the Taxing Man, vol. i., p. 265.

_Dupery_ of Lord Moira, vol. ii., pp. 36, 518, &c., &c.

E.

_Edwards_, Mr. Bryan: offers to pay for Mr. Nicholls’ dinner at the Crown and Anchor—finds his pockets pick’d—his exclamation thereat, vol. i., p. 410.

_Elegy_ on the Death of Jean Bon Saint André, vol. ii., p. 314.

_Epigram_ on the Loan upon England, vol. i., p. 267.

_Epistle_, Poetical, to the Editors of the Anti-Jacobin, vol. i., p. 371. Reply to ditto, vol. i., p. 371.

_Epistle_, Poetical, to the Author of the Anti-Jacobin, vol. i., p. 486.

_Erskine_, Mr.: his definition of Himself at the Meeting of the Friends of Freedom—clothed with the infirmities of man’s nature—in many respects a finite being—disclaims all pretensions to superhuman powers—has been both a soldier and a sailor—has a son at Winchester school—has been called by special retainers into many parts of the country, travelling chiefly in post-chaises—is of Noble, perhaps, Royal Blood—has a house at Hampstead—faints between the subdivisions of his discourse—is conveyed to his carriage—tricked by the chairmen who were hired to draw it—and finally taken home by his own horses, vol. i., p. 125, &c.

_Expedition_ against Ostend, vol. ii., pp. 367, 377, 442, 486, 596.

F.

_Finance_, vol. i., pp. 16, 44, 85, 143, 212, 244, 313, 391, 607; vol. ii., p. 224.

_Foreign Intelligence_, vol. i., pp. 41, 73, 105, 138, 170, 206, 238, 267, 305, 339, 382, 424, 453, 491, 528, 560, 600, 629; vol. ii., 23, 57, 101, 136, 174, 206, 239, 280, 318, 346, 389, 430, 461, 499, 540, 577, 608.

_Foreign Intelligence Extraordinary_, vol. ii., p. 535.

_Fox_, Mr.: his Speech at the Meeting of the Friends of Freedom, vol. i., p. 92—his Radical Reform described, 396—Celebration of his Nativity at the Crown and Anchor, 408—his Speech, 412—his Song, 413—A Bit of an Ode to, 422—Lines written under a Bust of him, 489—his dismissal from the Privy Council, vol. ii., p. 293.

_French Revolution_, origin and progress of, vol. i., p. 22.

_French Revolution_, not to be defended or illustrated by a comparison with the civil wars of this country, vol. ii., p. 17.

_Friend of Humanity_ and the Knife-Grinder, vol. i., p. 71.

_Friends of Freedom_, Meeting of the, vol. i., pp. 91, 125.

_Freemason’s_ observations on the Duke of Norfolk’s toast, vol. i., p. 587.

_Francis_, Mr.: his Novel of a Pamphlet grievously abused by the _Morning Chronicle_, vol. ii., p. 338.

G.

_German_ Stage: see the “Rovers”.

_Government_ Advertisements: see _Advertisements_.

_Guillotine_, la Sainte: a new Song attempted from the French, vol. i., p. 136.

H.

_Head_ of the Russells, transmuted into lead, vol. i., p. 377.

_Higgins_, Mr., of Saint Mary Axe—see “Progress of Man,” “Loves of the Triangles,” the “Rovers,” &c.

_How_ to praise one’s friends, vol. i., p. 397.

_Horrible_ Effects of the Assessed Taxes, vol. i., pp. 347, 503.

_Hoche_, General: his Instructions to Colonel Tate, vol. i., pp. 480, 498.

I.

_Imitation_ of Horace, lib. iii. carm. xxv., vol. i., p. 627.

_Instructions_ for Colonel Tate, vol. i., pp. 480, 498.

_Introduction_, The, vol. i., p. 11.

_Introduction_ to the Poetry, vol. i., p. 31.

_Invasion_, The; or, The British War Song, vol. i., p. 103.

_Ingratitude_, the characteristic vice of Jacobinism, vol. i., p. 579.

_Italicus_: his letter on the plunder of the French in Italy, vol. i., p. 367.

J.

_Jacobin_, The, vol. ii., p. 133.

_Jacobin_ Papers, an epidemic malady among them, vol. ii., p. 120.

L.

_Latin_ Verses, De Navali Laude Britanniæ, vol. ii., p. 604.

_Lead_—see _Head of the Russells_.

_Letter_ to Earl Moira on the state of Ireland, vol. i., p. 77, 109, 161.

_Letter_ from Letitia Sourby, vol. i., p. 195—from a Bachelor, p. 258—from Decius Mus, p. 261—from an Irishman, 299—from Italicus, 367—from Monitor, 370—from Adolphus Hicks, 380—from a Constant Reader, 534—from Agricola, 583—from Speculator, 586—from a Freemason, 587—from a Symposiast, 589—from a British Merchant, 593—from a Constant Reader, 597—from Mucius, 623—from Historicus, vol. ii., p. 17—from an Irishman, 35—from a Sucking Whig, 53—from a British Seaman, 93—from an Anti-Catiline, 128—from Samuel Shallow—from a Friend to the Landed Interest, 269—from Historicus, 491—from A. Z., on Original Principles with respect to the French Revolution, 499—from a Calm Observer, 525—from Hibernicus, 554—from Perseus, 558—from a Church of England Man, 561—from Cato, 564—from Hortensius, 573.

_Letter_ from General Buonaparte to the Governor of Zanté, vol. ii., p. 535.

_Lies_, vol. i., pp. 46, 115, 156, 178, 217, 248, 322, 346, 395, 453, 460, 499, 538, 573, 612; vol. ii., pp. 2, 4, 43, 78, 116, 151, 193, 227, 304, 330, 377, 440, 481, 512.

_Lille_, translation of a letter from, vol. i., p. 26.

_Lines_ written at the close of the year 1797, vol. i., p. 330.

_Lines_ written under the Bust of Charles Fox at the Crown and Anchor, vol. i., p. 489.

_Lines_ written under the Bust of a certain Orator, not at the Crown and Anchor, vol. i., p. 490.

_List_ of ships and vessels belonging to France, Spain, and Holland, taken, &c., since the commencement of the war, vol. ii., p. 120.

_Loves_ of the Triangles: a Mathematical and Philosophical Poem, vol. ii., pp. 162, 200, 274.

M.

_Manners_ and Character of the Age, vol. ii., p. 564.

_Marten_, Henry: inscription for his apartment in Chepstow Castle, vol. i., p. 35.

_Macfungus_, Mr.: his speech at the meeting of the Friends of Freedom, vol. i., p. 131.

_Meeting_ of the Friends of Freedom, vol. i., pp. 91, 125.

_Misrepresentations_, vol. i., pp. 19, 47, 117, 157, 180, 218, 252, 293, 324, 347, 396, 436, 470, 501, 541, 577, 615; vol. ii., pp. 8, 46, 79, 121, 154, 195, 231, 307, 333, 441, 484, 515 597.

_Mistakes_, vol. i., pp. 56, 124, 159, 188, 221, 257, 351, 397, 439, 473, 504, 543, 581, 620; vol. ii., pp. 12, 48, 84, 126, 154, 199, 235, 308, 338, 385, 443, 484, 519.

_Misapprehension_ on the subject of the proposed Increase of the Assessed Taxes, vol. i., p. 190.

_Moira_, Lord: the singularity of his conduct, vol. i., p. 58—his story of the Child and the Rush Light contradicted, p. 188—his weakness, p. 252—lays it down as a general principle, that the liberty of the press is destroyed in Ireland, p. 274—is referred to the Press and the Dublin Evening Post, p. 275—famous for acting a bull, vol. ii., p. 14—duped to an extraordinary degree, p. 86—a great physiognomist, p. 517—a great dupe, p. 518, &c., &c., &c.

_Moira_, Lord: Letter to, on the State of Ireland, vol. i., pp. 77, 109, 161.

_Moira_, Lord: Ode to, vol. i., p. 380.

_Moira_, the late Earl of: his account of the celebrated enchantress, Moll Coggin, vol. i., p. 299.

_Moll Coggin_: the late Earl of Moira’s account of her, vol. i., p. 299.

_Morning Chronicle_, calls the Thanksgiving for Lord Duncan’s Victory a _Frenchified Farce_, vol. i., p. 157—insults the King—maligns the Parliament—belies the Resources—ridicules and reviles the spirit of the Nation—advises unconditional submission to France—declares that our arms are without energy, our hearts without courage, and our sword at the service of every puny whipster, vol. ii., p. 85, &c.

_Morning Chronicle_: its impiety—its blasphemy—its falsehood—its historical, geographical, and political ignorance—its insolence, baseness, and stupidity—_passim_, _passim_.

_Morning Chronicle_, the editor of: why called the Père du Chène, vol. ii., p. 471.

_Muskein_, Citizen: his Consolatory Address to his Gun-boats, vol. ii., p. 312—his Affectionate Address to Hâvre de Grace, vol. ii., p. 498.

N.

_Narrative_ of the Riot at Tranent, vol. i., p. 59.

_Naval History_, vol. i., p. 222.

_Neutral_ Navigation, vol. i., pp. 398, 505.

_New Morality_, a Poem, vol. ii., p. 623.

_New_ and approved method of conveying abuse, vol. i., p. 502.

_Neat_ Speech—see _Lord John Russell_.

_Nicholls_, Mr. John: his faculties confounded by Mr. Pitt’s speech, vol. i., p. 47—treated very unkindly by his associates, vol. i., p. 186—has his pockets picked by Mr. Jekyl of his _genuine_ speech at the Crown and Anchor—offers seventeen of the _spurious_ ones in payment for his dinner at _ditto_—is refused admittance, vol. i., p. 410.

_Nicholls_, Mr. John: a great Parliament man, but thought to be very tart and sour by Mrs. Deborah Wigmore, Mr. Wright’s housekeeper, vol. i., p. 553.

_Norfolk_, Duke of: his speech at the Crown and Anchor, vol. i., pp. 412, 418—his dismissal, vol. i., p. 429—observations on his toast, by a Freemason, vol. i., p. 587—defended by a Symposiast, vol. i., p. 589—curious account of his dismissal from the French Papers, vol. i., p. 614; vol. ii., p. 16.

O.

_Ode_ to Anarchy, by a Jacobin, vol. i., p. 301.

_Ode_ to Lord Moira, vol. i., p. 380.

_Ode_, a bit of an, to Mr. Fox, vol. i., p. 422.

_Ode_ to Jacobinism, vol. ii., p. 53.

_Ode_ to my Country, 1798, vol. ii., p. 342.

_Ode_ to the Director Merlin, vol. ii., p. 388.

_Ode_ to a Jacobin, vol. ii., p. 576.

_Origin_ and Progress of the French Revolution, vol. i., p. 22.

P.

_Pavia_, Treaty of, proved to be a Jacobin forgery, vol. i., p. 474.

_Père du Chène_, appellation of: why given to the editor of _The Morning Chronicle_, vol. ii., p. 471.

_Pilnitz_, Treaty of, proved to be a Jacobin forgery, vol. ii., p. 37.

_Poetry_, vol. i., pp. 31, 69, 103, 168, 199, 236, 263, 301, 329, 371, 421, 452, 486, 524, 556, 597, 620; vol. ii., pp. 21, 53, 95, 133, 162, 200, 236, 274, 312, 339, 387, 415, 446, 497, 528, 576, 603.

_Porcupine_, Peter, a spirited and instructive writer, vol. i., p. 332.

_Prisoners of War_, vol. i., pp. 234, 277, 326; vol. ii., p. 310.

_Prize of Dullness_, vol. i., pp. 421, 448, 522; awarded, vol. i., p. 552.

_Progress of Man_, a Didactic Poem, vol. i., pp. 524, 558; vol. ii., p. 97.

_Proceedings_ of the Whig Club, vol. ii., p. 260.

_Prologue_ to the Rovers; or, the Double Arrangement, vol. ii., p. 420.

R.

_Ram_—see _Sir John Sinclair_.

_Review_ of the proposed plan of Finance, vol. i., p. 143.

_Review_ of the Session, vol. ii., p. 583.

_Rovers_, the; or, the Double Arrangement, vol. ii., pp. 420, 446.

_Russell_, Lord John, makes a very neat Speech, vol. i., p. 126.

_Russell_, Lord William, makes a very appropriate Speech, vol. i., p. 126.

S.

_Sale_ of the Land Tax, vol. ii., p. 1, 269.

_Secession_ of the Opposition, observations on, vol. i., p. 36.

_Secret_ Expedition of British _Savans_, vol. ii., p. 529.

_Sinclair_, Sir John, embarks with his Ram in the Capricorn on a secret expedition, vol. ii., p. 532.

_Soldier’s Friend_: an Ode, vol. i., p. 169.

_Song_: a new one, appointed to be sung at all _Convivial_ Meetings convened for the purpose of opposing the Assessed Tax Bill, vol. i., p. 303.

_Sonnet_ to Liberty, vol. i., p. 169.

_Sourby_, Letitia: her letter, vol. i., p. 195.

_Speculator_: his observations on Cardinal Antici’s letter to Buonaparte, vol. i., p. 586.

_Symposiast’s_, A, defence of the Duke of Norfolk’s celebrated toast, vol. i., p. 589.

T.

_Tate_, Colonel; his instructions, vol. i., pp. 480, 498.

_Tooke_, Horne: his speech at the Crown and Anchor, vol. i., p. 417.

_Translation_ of the Latin verses written after the Revolution of the fourth of September, vol. i., p. 201.

_Translation_ of the new song of the “Army of England,” vol. i., p. 331.

_Translation_ of a letter from _Bawba-dara-adul-phoola_ to _Neek-awl-aretchid-kooez_, vol. ii., p. 532.

_Treaty of Pavia_, proved to be a Jacobin forgery, vol. i., p. 474.

_Treaty of Pilnitz_, proved to be a Jacobin forgery, vol. ii., p. 37.

U.

_Unattached_ Officers, vol. i., p. 362.

_Unjust_ Aggressions, vol. i., pp. 420, 440, 549; vol. ii., pp. 522, 600.

_Union Star_: extracts from, vol. i., p. 352.

V.

_Verses_, Latin, written after the Revolution of the fourth of September, vol. i., p. 201; translation, vol. i., p. 236.

_Vision_, The: written at St. Ann’s Hill, vol. i., p. 598.

_Voluntary_ Contributions, vol. i., pp. 465, 534.

W.

_Weekly Examiner_, vol. i., pp. 19, 46, 115, 156, 178, 217, 248, 293, 322, 346, 395, 435, 468, 498, 534, 573, 607; vol. ii., pp. 4, 43, 78, 116, 151, 191, 227, 263, 296, 330, 377, 405, 440, 475, 512, 596.

_Wickham_, Mr.: his note to the Helvetic Body on his recal, vol. i., p. 388—answer to ditto, vol. i., p. 426.

_Wigmore_, Deborah, housekeeper to Mr. Wright, awards the Prize of Dullness, vol. i., p. 552.

INDEX TO VOL. I. OF THE _ANTI-JACOBIN REVIEW AND MAGAZINE_.

[This Index and the two preceding articles (by W. Cobbett, pp. 311–319) are reprinted in order to show that the same spirit which pervaded _The Anti-Jacobin_ was continued in its successor, _The Anti-Jacobin Review and Magazine_, although the Editor and Contributors were different.]

A.

Alfred—Letters of Ghost of, reviewed, No. 1, p. 62; object of, 63; opinion concerning Erskine; ditto, concerning the acquittals, 1794; Letters, Monthly Review of, reviewed, 68.

Algernon Sidney, an enthusiast in Republicanism, 451; illegally condemned, 452.

Almanack of revolutions, 789; illustrates the wild system of innovation, _ib._; account of Switzerland, 792.

America, 4; infected by French principles; Congress of, democratic members abuse our sovereign, 14; buildings described, 222.

American Annual Register, 829; composed by Calender, a refugee Scotch democrat; assertions, false; reasoning, trivial; language and manner, coarse and vulgar, 830; author tries to be witty on Burke, 833; praises Jefferson, Tom Paine, and the French Revolutionists, _ib._

Analytical Review analysed, 3; Review of Wakefield’s reply, reviewed, 75; idea of the constituents of independence, 76; consistently with itself ridicules prayer, 77; Analytical Reviewers, not critics, but partisans, 83; endeavour to influence juries, 84; enraged for the prosecution of Johnson, 85; give no account of the books they censure, 86; Analytical Reviewer of Godwin’s Memoirs, illustrates his own morals, politics, and religion, 99; expects a time when Mrs. Wollstonecraft’s conduct will be admired, _ib._; asserts the proceedings of the French Directory and English Government to be the same, 182; abuses due laws and government, _ib._; declamatory abuse of Mr. Gifford’s address, 185; whom the Analytical think the friends of liberty, 186; praises Charlotte Smith’s _Delmont_, 190; attacks Murphy’s _Arminius_, 193; Abuses Bowdler’s _Reform of Ruin_, 195; Invective of, against Peter Porcupine, _ib._; tries wit, 197; blasphemous comparison by, of Godwin, to the Supreme Being, 335; God of, not the God of Christians, _ib._; abuses Peter Porcupine, 342; principles of, 344; praises of Jones, the itinerant lecturer, 345; Gerald, _ib._; enraged at an allusion to the French faction at home, 448; abuses Mr. Noble for praising the gospel, and censuring the English regicides, 449; exclaims against the punishment of regicides, 450; defends Ludlow, the murderer of his king, 451; styles a conspirator the fairest character in English history, 452; defends the _United Irishmen_, 464; abuses Mr. Budworth, for praising the answerer of Paine, 465.

Anarchists, ode to, 365.

Anecdotes of Republican judges, 15; political, 212.

Annual Register, New, principles of, 150; patronised by H. M. Williams, _ib._; conducted by a dignitary of the Church, hostile to our established institution, 348; anecdote of that conductor, 349; praise of Oldfield’s _Defence of Universal Suffrage_, 456; high praise of Erskine on the War, 697; exposed, 698; character of, _ib._; remarks on, 700.

Anti-Gallican Spirit commended, 107.

_Anti-Jacobin_ newspaper praised, 55.

_Anti-Jacobin Review_, reason of adopting that title, 1; plan of, 3; proposes to counteract Jacobinical criticism, 5; preface of, to reviewers reviewed, 55; object, 56; observations of, on the constitution, 60; prophesies the destruction of the French fleet by Nelson, 123; opinion of, on obedience to constituted authorities, 61; opinion of duelling, 153; declaration of political principles, 166; discusses Locke’s _Opinions on Government_, 167; explains the duty of obedience, 169; defines the constitution to be what is actually constituted, 170; opinion of, on pulpit politics, 304; political creed of, 314; illustrated and enforced, _ib._; states the reciprocal duties of sovereign and subject, _ib._; principles of, 315; exposes the Anti-Christian doctrines of the Monthly Reviewers, 316; canvasses the opinions of Dr. Geddes, 318; character of La Fayette, 345; declares the _Letter to the Church of England_ the text book of its principles, 402; recommends to the Bishops to suppress schism among the established clergy, _ib._; admonishes Mr. Wansey, on his insolent and foolish letter to the Bishop of Salisbury, 415; admonishes fathers of families to discountenance Jacobinical writings, 434; proves the authenticity of Scriptures against Socinians and _Deists_, 439; abused by the _Literary Census_, 667; reason of the abuse, its support of the Constitution, _ib._

Aristotle, Gillies’s translation of, reviewed, 253; fate of his writings, 255; life of, 257; analysis of his speculative works, 258; error of these works, _ib._; organon, 261; misunderstood by the school-men, _ib._; his zoology, the most perfect of his works, 387; sagacious discoveries and comprehensive knowledge, _ib._; searches too much for efficient causes, 389; ethics and politics, part of the same general system, 390; analysis of happiness, virtue, and habit, 391; application of principles, 392; jurisprudence, 393; social affection, 394; importance of his work at present, 395; inculcates the necessity of subordination, 396; anticipates Adam Smith, 397; demonstrates the absurdity of the levelling system, _ib._; the folly of hasty innovations, _ib._ _See_ Gillies. His opinions on commerce, 513; honoured agriculture more than trade, 516; had he lived in Britain, might have thought differently, _ib._; the SAGE THINKS THE FUNCTIONS OF RELIGION THE FIRST IN DIGNITY, _ib._; doctrines on education little more than copied by succeeding writers, 517; tests of good government, 518; refutes the absurd opinion that all men are fitted to govern, 519; sentiments on demagogues and faction, _ib._; illustrated in the Corresponding Societies and Whig Club, 520; admirable book on sedition and revolutions, _ib._; addresses the WILL, as well as the UNDERSTANDING, 523.

Associations, legal, praised, 137; address to. _See_ Gifford. Exhortation to, 210.

B.

Barras’ motion, concerning, and cause, 144.

Barristers, Irish, encroach on the office of the Judge, by laying down the law, 540; inaccurate, _ib._

Bedford, Duke of, contributions to the State, 20.

Bisset, Dr., reply of, to a letter in the _Monthly Review_, 588; charges the Priestleyan dissenters with a design to subvert our establishment, 590; quotes Priestley’s declaration to that effect, _ib._; reprobates the metaphysical politics of Priestley’s _First Principles of Government_; and Price, on _Civil Liberty_, _ib._; vindicates Burke, for opposing the repeal of the Test Act, 591; his anonymous antagonist, supposed to be Anthony Robinson, linen draper, dissenting preacher, and debating society orator, _ib._

Blasphemy, punishment of, according to Burn. _See_ Geddes.

Boaden’s _Cambro Britons_, reviewed, 415; just description of invaders and invaded, 416; ranting phraseology, _ib._; farcical strainings after humour, _ib._; admonished to discontinue writing as soon as a relish for works of genius shall again prevail, 417.

Boffe, De, publications of, 845.

Bond, Oliver, testimony of, 300.

Book clubs, either through ignorance or design, circulate hurtful writings, 475; account of one at Maidstone, _ib._; proposed regulations for rendering them useful, _ib._; praised by the _Monthly Magazine_, 476; the praise of that performance renders them suspicious, _ib._

Bowles, the champion of the British Constitution, reprobated by the _Critical Review_, 678.

Brissot, avowed design to abolish monarchy, 27; conformity of French conduct to his declaration, _ib._; memorable report of, 512.

_British Critic_ praised, 343; abused by the _Literary Census_, because hostile to atheists and levellers, 667.

Brothers’s Letters to Miss Cott, a fellow lunatic, 568.

British public characters, reviewed, 634; arrogant dedication to the King, 635; strange assortment of characters, _ib._; imperfect and trifling execution, _ib._; bungling daub of Mr. Fox, 636; sketch of Mr. Pitt less imperfect, but very inadequate to the original, _ib._

Buonaparte, entirely differs from the great Condé, 32; expedition of, 123; denies the existence of Christ, 372; proclaims his veneration for Mahomet, _ib._; original letters from him and army, 647; object of his expedition, _ib._; legislative talents of, 649; campaign of, in Italy, 770.

C.

Cambridge _Intelligencer_ abuses the most respectable characters in Ireland, 130.

Camille Jordan, address from, reviewed, 180; unjustly treated by the _Analytical_, 481. _See_ Gifford.

Catholics, Irish, Grattan’s intrigue with, 39; Catholic emancipation a mere pretext, 293.

Catiline _liberality_ and _moderation_, cant terms of, 443.

Cato, of Utica, speech against conspirators who invited the Gallic nation to invade their country, 441.

_Census, Literary_, reviewed, 666; abuses works and characters friendly to the constitution, 667; reviles Messrs. Pitt, Burke, Dundas, and Lawrence, _ib._; praises Paine, Sheridan, and Fox, _ib._; reprobates the Anti-Jacobin Reviewers for defending order, morals, religion, and the British constitution, _ib._

Chatham, Earl, conduct, character, measures, and success of, 576; contrasted with those of Lord Holland, _ib._

Christian ministers vindicated, 429; religion vilified by impious and obscene publications, 435; the firmest basis of every virtue, _ib._; professors of, adjured to discourage Jacobinism, _ib._; writings in vain plead to Jacobinical Reviewers, 437.

Clare, Chancellor, speech of, 461; wise and able, 462.

Cléry’s _Journal of Louis XVI._, 42; animated and interesting, 43; Lamballe’s head carried about, 44.

Cobbett, efforts of, in America, 7. _See_ Peter Porcupine.

Committee, Secret. _See_ Ireland and Irish.

Connor’s, O’, _State of Ireland_, examined, 463; address, ditto, _ib._; copious extracts from, by the _Analytical_ Reviewers, 464; defends the _United Irishmen_, _ib._; testimony at Maidstone, 290.

_Considerations on Public Affairs_, reviewed, 25; author of, anti-Gallican, not anti-Jacobin, 32; ditto, 263; erroneously considers our contest as with the physical force of France only, 264; proposes merely a defensive war, 265; dangerous tendency of certain positions, 266; affected imitation of Burke, 267; inaccuracy of language, 268.

Conspiracy against Social Order, with the part taken by the Jacobinical Reviews, 591.

Constitution, British, its principles illustrated, 468; antiquity, nature, and excellence, _ib._; history and principle, epochs, 469; Mr. Reeve’s assertion respecting, 470; the Duke of Norfolk’s, ditto, _ib._; Reeve’s principle discussed and defended from English history, 471; ditto, from Lord Coke, 472.

Contributions, voluntary, praised, 135; ridiculed by Unitarian dissenters, 136; Quakers’, pretence of scruples of conscience shown from their own conduct to be unfounded, _ib._; proof of loyalty to the king, and attachment to the country, 140.

Cornwallis, praises the proceedings of his predecessors, 490; speech of, 491; praises the regulars and militia, _ib._

_Courier_, abuses the friends of Government, 158; conduct of, respecting France, considered, 203; justifies the proceedings of France, extols her resources, and abuses England, 204; patronised by Lord Moira, 205; account of the Report of the Secret Committee, 247; endeavours to revive the spirits of Jacobins, 486; a disgrace to the English press, 376; justifies every enormity of the French, _ib._; threatens to prosecute the _Anti-Jacobin_, _ib._

_Critical Review of Wakefield’s Reply_, reviewed, 73; praises Wakefield, 75; supports Kingsbury’s address to Dr. Watson, 78; inveighs against the Bishop, 79; remarks of, resemble those of the French regicides, 81; great praise of Edmund Oliver, 179; commends those parts of Monboddo’s _Metaphysics_ which ascribe preeminent evil to England, 667.

D.

David, a painter, gives the Deity the face of Robespierre, 22.

Democracy, apostrophe to, 35.

_Derwent Priory_, a novel, frivolous and extravagant, 417.

Directory, French, account of, 8; wish to suppress Cléry’s narrative, 51; arrogance of, 122; policy of, respecting foreign powers, 124; motives of, for proscribing the moderate members, 143; arts of, 493; tyranny of, 494; tries to excite dissension in foreign states, _ib._ _See_ France and History. Falsehood, injustice, and violence of, to Switzerland, 505. _See_ Underwald and French.

Dissenters, political conduct of, 626; active members of the Corresponding Society, 631; Hardy, the shoemaker, one of their number, _ib._; preacher of the tribe appeared to his character, _ib._; chief supporters of Thelwall’s lectures, _ib._; Paine, once a dissenting preacher, 632: Godwin, a dissenting minister, _ib._; Gilbert Wakefield, ditto; conductors of the _Monthly_, _Analytical_, and _Critical_, ditto, _ib._; conductors of the _Chronicle_ and _Courier_, ditto; abstain from voluntary contributions, _ib._; fast increasing, 633; the designs of their chief apostles discussed and exposed by Dr. Bisset, 590.

Dissenters, Irish, declared, by Dr. Jackson to be determined Republicans, and friends of the French Revolution, 294.

Dublin, instructions to citizens of, by Grattan, 38.

Duigenan’s answer to Grattan, _ib._

E.

Economists propagate principles inconsistent with the well-being of society, 4.

Ego, Counsellor, soliloquy, 355.

_Emigrant_, a novel, appendix, 741; moral, political, and religious tendency of, 742; gross and licentious sentiments of, 743; supposes the public law of Europe mouldering into ruins, 744; proposes the destruction of history to be replaced by romance, 745; a vehicle of revolutionary doctrines, 746.

Emmet’s evidence before the Secret Committee, 299.

Erskine, supposed author of the _Secession from Parliament_, 19; his egotism disgusting, 20; his testimony at Maidstone, 28; speech of, at the Whig Club, discussed, 526; advances a position contrary to reason and truth, _ib._; copies the language and rant of Kingsbury, the dissenting minister and razor-maker, _ib._; his allegations sanctioned by the _authority_ of John Ball, Wat Tyler, and John Cade, 527.

F.

Fantoccini, political, 364.

La Fayette, praised by the _Analytical Review_, 345.

Fitzgerald, Lord Edward, transcribes the resolutions of National Committee, 293; innocence defended by the _Morning Chronicle_, 379.

Fox, secession of, discussed, 17; duty as a member of Parliament, 18; conduct of, 19; proposed plan of ministry under, 20; resentment of, for the dismissal of the Duke of Norfolk, 90; observation of, in the Whig Club, concerning associations, 138; testimony at Maidstone, 285; promulgates his political creed at a tavern, 487; adopts Gilbert Wakefield’s opinions, 488; sentiments of, respecting Ireland, _ib._; thinks the punishments of traitors cruelty, _ib._; defence of Lord Edward Fitzgerald, _ib._; insult to his constituents, 489; libel on parliaments, _ib._; abuse of anticipated taxes, 490; letter to, 530; attachment of, to the accused, and convicted of sedition and treason, 531; reprobated, _ib._; conduct at Maidstone, considered, 532; contrasted with Pitt. _See_ Pitt.

France, regicides of, find advocates in our metropolis, 2; principles and intrigues of, 4; not physical force of, formidable, but moral, 25; between monarchy and republic of, difference, of contest, 30; state of, Jacobinical, capital of, 33; internal state of, 122.

Fraunces, an American Jacobin, 843; lends his wife, _ib._; extorts money from a dupe on account of the loan, _ib._; conduct of, illustrates Jacobin morality, 844.

French, a nation of plundering banditti, 124; philosophers of, 445; Republic, conduct of, to the Venetians, 460; to the United Provinces, _ib._; to the Germans, 461; now the time to crush, 495. _See_ Directory and History, army, proceedings of, at Berne, 508.

Friends of the People, recommend Oldfield’s _Defence of Universal Suffrage_, 456.

G.

Geddes, Dr., chiefly known as an arraigner of the Scriptures, 694.

Gerald, Joseph, praised by the _Analytical_, 346.

_Geraldina_, a novel, reviewed, 668; ignorance, frivolity, and folly of, 669.

Gifford, John, preface to, _see_ Jordan’s _Address_, 180; a zealous and able champion of our laws, religion, and morals, 181; abused by the Jacobins, _ib._; address from, to the loyal associations, 183; list of Directory for England, Scotland, and Ireland, 184; salutary tendency, and ability of execution, 185; Second Letter of, to Mr. Erskine, review of, reviewed, 678; as a champion of the constitution, he, according to the _Critical_ Reviewers, deserves no quarter, _ib._; attacks the legal champion of opposition, surrounded by his army of tropes and figures, misrepresentations, egotism, and anachronism, _ib._; exposes Mr. Erskine’s falsifications of dates, 679; illustrates the wrong conclusions in which the lawyer abounds, 680; proves the proceedings of seditious societies and demagogues to have been the causes of the proclamation, 1792; forcible extracts from, 681; refers Mr. Erskine to the Report of the Irish Committee, _ib._

Godwin, edits the Posthumous Works of his wife, 91; inculcates the promiscuous intercourse of the sexes, _ib._; reprobates marriage, 93; considers Mary Godwin as a model for female imitation, 94; certifies his wife’s constitution to have been amorous, 96; memoirs of her, _ib._; account of his wife’s adventures as a kept mistress, 97; celebrates her happiness while the concubine of Imlay, _ib._; informs the public that she was concubine to himself before she was his wife, 98; declares no person in his right senses will frequent places of public worship, _ib._; morals examined, 331; if his principle be granted, his deduction not absurd, 332; his principle refuted, 333; praised by the _Analytical_, 335; compared to the Supreme Being, _ib._

Government can only perish by suicide, 9. _See_ Constitution, Directory.

Grattan, answer to, 37; character and projects of, 38; arguments for Catholic emancipation, 40; evidence concerning, 298.

H.

Hamilton, on the United States, 841; an able and staunch advocate for the American government, _ib._; hostile to France, _ib._; persecutions by Jacobins, 842.

Harper, Goodloe, speech of, reviewed, 421; divides revolutionists into philosophers, Jacobins, and Sans-Culottes, 422; account of the artifices of French agents, 423.

Hedgehog, Humphrey, abused by the Jacobinical Reviewers, 343; causes of their abuse, 344.

Henshall, strictures of, on the Duke of Leinster’s and Mr. Sheridan’s motions, 300; character of, 310; treatise on the Saxon and English languages, 381; proposes the most effectual means of explaining Anglo-Saxon words, 382; proves the Saxon language the spring of pure English, 384; marks the changes of the English language, _ib._; critique on the _Diversions of Purley_, 385; general character of, 386; strictures of, on the _Gentleman’s Magazine_ and _Analytical Review_, 579; vindicates his _Treatise on Saxon Literature_, 580.

History of politics, foreign and domestic, 119; general view of affairs in America and Europe, _ib._; congress at Rastadt, 120; Mr. D’Arnim’s Answer to the King of Prussia, 121; discipline and courage of British seamen, 123; reflections, 125; domestic affairs, 127; origin and progress of the Irish rebellion, _ib._; religion, a mere pretence, 128; real cause, Jacobin conspiracy, _ib._; objects of the rebellion, separation from Britain, 129; friends of Government abused by the Jacobin prints, 130; an awful crisis, 240; congress at Rastadt, _ib._; general confederacy recommended, 241; consequences of the late King of Prussia’s conduct, _ib._; Russia, _ib._; Naples, _ib._; despotic power of the Directory, 243; France boasts of her virtue, _ib._; wretched state of French finance, 245; indecision of the Emperor, 363; spirit and vigour of Russia and Turkey, _ib._; inactivity of Prussia, _ib._; conduct of the French at Milan, 370; anarchy of the Cisalpine Republic, _ib._; objects of the revolutions from French politics, and French power, _ib._; French, try to exclude British manufactures from the Continent, 374; in vain, _ib._; Nelson’s victory, 483; immediate effects of, 484; accession of ships to Britain, _ib._; Nelson’s victory prevents revival of rebellion in Ireland, 485; effects of Nelson’s victory, 605; proceedings at Rastadt, _ib._; march of the Russian army, 607; internal state of France, 608; Erskine’s speech at the Whig Club, 609; plan of finance, 610; resolutions of merchants and bankers, _ib._; conduct of opposition, 611; political state of Europe, 734; French declare war against Naples and Sardinia, 737; views of the French government, 738.

Hoche, General, differs from Turenne, 32; life of, dedicated to the eternal Republic, by Rousselin, 754; birth and parentage of, 755; his father a dog-keeper, himself a groom, _ib._; learns philosophy from Rousseau and French novels, _ib._; enters the army, 756; a corporal, _ib._; a commander-in-chief, 758; compared to Neptune, _ib._; put in prison, 759; released, 760; conquers La Vendée, 761; proposes to invade England, 762; seized with a disorder in his bowels, 767; death and character of, 768.

Holcroft’s _Knave or Not_, reviewed, 51; literary character of Holcroft, 52; novels, _ib._; object of them, and his play the same, viz., to overturn our constitution and level rank and property, 53; execution feeble, _ib._; an inaccurate observer and superficial reasoner, 54; though trifling, calculated to do much mischief, _ib._; admonished of the inadequacy of his powers and knowledge, _ib._ _See_ Jacobinism, Revolution, &c.

Holland, Lord, contrasted with Lord Chatham, 576.

Horsley’s, Dr.—able defence of the Church, 554; masterly observation on the political principles of Calvin, 627. _See_ Bishop of Rochester.

J.

Jacobin, a receipt for making one, 617: half-educate him, _ib._; place him under a dissenting schoolmaster, _ib._; let him read Dr. Priestley’s writings, _ib._; initiate him in debating societies, _ib._; preach in a conventicle, _ib._; write for the _Monthly Magazine_ or _Analytical Review_, _ib._; read Erskine’s Pamphlet, _ib._ _See_ Loan of wives.

Jacobin, faction exists in this country, 1; Jacobins employed in the States at war with France, 27; Republic, rapacious spirit of, 29; capital, 38; catch words of, 76; authors of revolutions, 422; principles of, adopted by the _Annual Register_, 458; prints and speeches. _See_ _Courier_, _Chronicle_, _Post_, &c.

Jacobinism, daily, weekly, monthly and annual vehicles of, 2; its malignant and intolerant spirit, _ib._; characterised, 12; rise, progress, and effects of, 109; promoted by certain Reviews, _ib._; history of (_see_ Barruel), defined, 223; worse than ancient democracy, _ib._; worse than former levelling principles, 224; than Cromwellianism, _ib._; religious scepticism leads to, 225; promoted by visionary metaphysics, 226; promoted by Voltaire, D’Alembert, Diderot, 359, 712; promoted by Mrs. Macaulay, 713; by Price and Priestley, _ib._; all dissenters not equally favourable to, 716; Socinians, Jacobinical, _real_ Presbyterians, loyal, _ib._

Jones, the Lecturer, praised by the _Analytical_, 346.

Ireland and Irish, crown and government of, 38; rebellion, causes of, 158; system of government respecting, 374; insurrection, account of, 424; barbarities of the rebels, 425; state of, 490; union with, recommended, 491.

Irishmen, United, attempts of, to seduce the soldiers, 293; connection with the London Corresponding Society, 299.

K.

King, parent of the constitution, 471; proved from records, _ib._; from the various parts and instruments of government, 472; opinion of Coke on this subject, 473. _See_ Constitution and Reeves.

Kingsbury answers the Bishop of Landaff, 78; first a dissenting minister, then a writer on razors, _ib._; predicts the Irish traitors will be successful, 82.

_Knave or Not_, a superficial but dangerous work, 51. _See_ Holcroft.

L.

Lamballe, Madame, her head carried about to display Jacobin humanity, 44.

Lashknave, Lawrence—account of the Corresponding Society, 220; letter from, 701.

Lauderdale, Earl of, assertion of, respecting trade, refuted, 336; friendship of, with Brissot and his coadjutors, 513.

Lavater’s _Address to the Directory_, 280; a mixture of adulation and abuse, _ib._; praises the French Revolution, 282; reprobates the invasion of Switzerland, _ib._

Lecturers, Pulpit, in London, often methodistical and ignorant, 399.

Letter to the Bishop of Salisbury, 409; petulant insolence of, 410; elegant extracts from, _ib._; refined phraseology, 411; abuse of, 412; scandalous insinuation of, against an eminent prelate, 413.

Letter to _The Anti-Jacobin Review_ on modern Catilines, and the evidence at Maidstone, 593; to Mr. Fox, reviewed, 530 (_see_ Fox); to the Bishop of Rochester from Mr. Rhys, reviewed, 534; position that war is, in all cases, unchristian disproved, _ib._; no precepts against it delivered by our Saviour, 533.

Liberality, real, an excellent quality, 440; term often misapplied by Jacobins, _ib._

Licentiousness of the press, 1.

Lloyd’s Edmund Oliver, declamatory abuse of the military profession, 177; censures the war with the regicides, 178; proposes to level rank and property, 179; doctrines praised. _See_ Critical and Analytical.

Loan of wives, a practice among Jacobins. _See_ Fraunces.

Louis XVI., Cléry’s journal of confinement and sufferings of, 42; persecution of, 43; brutal treatment of, 45; audacious insolence to, 46; abused by newspapers, 47; exemplary conduct of, 48; monstrous trial of, 49; execution of, 50.

_Lovers’ Vows_ reviewed, 479; object, tendency, and character, 480.

M.

Mallet du Pan, _British Mercury_ of, reviewed, 403; object of the work, _ib._; throws light on French principles, _ib._; able and useful advice in the preface, 404; gratitude to the British nation, 405; analysis and extracts, 406; account of Swiss cantons, 407; description of a Swiss wedding, 408; account of affairs in Italy, 493; account of the destruction of Helvetic liberty, 501; character of the French Revolutionists, 502; effects on other nations, 503; state of resources of Switzerland, 504; character of Weiss the French partisan, 506; conduct of, 507; pathetic description of the last efforts of Berne, 509; reflections, 511; character of Buonaparte, 513; _British Mercury_ recommended to all crowned heads, _ib._; general character of the work, 515.

_Maria, or the Wrongs of Woman_, reviewed, 91; fable, object, and principles of, 92; asserts that her friend Jemima’s understanding was sharpened and invigorated by her occupations as a thief and a prostitute, _ib._; _particular_ description of Maria and her lover, 93; restraints on adultery, according to Maria, a flagrant wrong to women, _ib._ _See_ Godwin and Wollstonecraft.

Martinez’ persecution of Peter Porcupine, 9; proceedings of, 10.

Menard, infamous pretext of, for invading Switzerland, 511.

Meyers, De, _Fragments on Paris_, 268; criterion of the state of a nation, _ib._; dress and amusements at Paris, 269; extracts from, 270; strictures on, 271; state of the arts and sciences at Paris, 272; his account recommended to votaries of innovation, 273; character of his work, 279.

Mifflin, Governor, republican morality of, 14; celebrates the dethronement of Louis XVI., _ib._; praises the Botany Bay citizens, _ib._

Ministry, proposed plan of, by Mr. Fox, 20.

Moira, Earl of, patronises the _Courier_, 204; his letter to Colonel Mahon discussed, 206; censured, 207; unfounded account of Ireland, 294; speech in the Irish Parliament, considered, discussed, and censured, 461.

Monboddo’s _Ancient Metaphysics_, review of, reviewed, 565. _See_ _Monthly_ and _Critical Reviews_.

Monroe’s _View of the Conduct of the Executive_, considered, 824; Monroe, of the French faction in America, 825; a promoter of Jacobin doctrines, 826.

_Monthly Magazine_ detected, 198; published by a French citizen, _ib._; patronised by the Directory, 199; dialogue from, 327; praises book clubs, 476 (_see_ R. Phillips and Jacobin Prints); detection of, 570; John Thelwall a contributor to, _ib._; sneers at loyalty, 572; abuses Lord Auckland, _ib._; reviles Lord Carlisle, 573; inveighs against Mallet du Pan, _ib._; reprobates Peter Porcupine, _ib._; slanders Mr. Harper, _ib._; all because enemies to Jacobinism, _ib._

_Monthly Review_, to be reviewed by _The Anti-Jacobin_, 3; dangerous tendency of, 56; character and operations of, 58; unfriendly to the constitution as actually constituted, 60; review of, 68; arts of, to prevent the circulation of constitutional works, 71; reviewed, 171; false statement by, 172; curious observation of, _ib._; examined, 173; false and absurd remark of, on Switzerland, 174; ignorance of, 175; praises the _Spirit_ of the Public Journals, 331; asserts Oldfield’s _Abuse of Parliament_ to be demonstration, 453; praises his support of universal suffrage, 456; praises Lord Moira for _apologising_ for our officers (_see_ Spirit of Public Journals and Jacobin Prints); quotes the most exceptionable passages of Monboddo’s _Metaphysics_, 567; ridicules David and Solomon because kings and Scripture characters, 569.

Moore, Dr., a friend of Brissot, 513.

_Morning Chronicle_ resembles the _Monthly Review_, 58; dialogue from, 326; account of Tierney’s speech, 377; extracts from, 378; continues its virulence, 379; invectives against the saviours of Ireland, 497; idea of rebellion, 498. _See_ Spirit of Public Journals and Jacobin Prints.

_Morning Post_, invectives of, against ministers, 497. _See_ Jacobin Prints and Spirit of Public Journals.

Murphy, venerable literary character of, 191. _See_ Arminius.

N.

Naples, loyalty and patriotism of, 493. _See_ History.

Nelson, splendid victory of, 483; momentous consequences from, 484. _See_ History.

Noble’s _Lives of English Regicides_, 445; extracts from, 446; matter excellent, composition reprehensible, 448.

Norfolk, Duke of, evidence at Maidstone, 289; assertions respecting the British constitution refuted, 470; doctrine of the sovereignty of the people erroneous, 473.

P.

Paine, Thomas, letter of, to the people of France, 21; examined, 22; praises the French Revolution, 23; supposes extraordinary virtues in the number _five_, 24; doctrines of, propagated by the Corresponding Society, 111; praises the French Directory, 141; reasons like the Analytical Reviewers, _ib._; a flatterer of tyrants, 142; his _Rights of Man_ lead to ruin, 143; a member of tyrannical clubs, 145.

Paris, state of, 272; a scene of theft and robbery, 273; people of, disaffected to the government, 275; corrupted morals of, 277; former happiness of, _ib._

Parliament, Irish, report of Committee of, contains an historical sketch of Irish rebellion, 292; of means of diffusion, _ib._; treasonable newspapers, _ib._; general result of, 295.

Parry threatens to prosecute _The Anti-Jacobin_ for attacking the _Courier_, 376; challenged to do so, _ib._

Pennsylvania, court of, 11; famous for bastards and cuckoldom, 15; civic feast in Philadelphia, _ib._

_Perry_, a brisk, bouncing liquor, wants strength, 248.

Phillips, R., editor of the _Monthly Magazine_, 200; history of, _ib._; conduct at Leicester, _ib._; confined two years for sedition, _ib._; establishes the _Monthly Magazine_, _ib._; other labours of, in the cause, 201; praised by the Analytical, _ib._; the friend of Holcroft, Wakefield, and Godwin, _ib._; purveyor-general to Jacobins, 325; undertakes to TEACH our King, who, of his subjects, deserve reward, 635; supposed to be sprung from Paul Phillips, clerk of the parish, and president of _an ale-house club for managing the nation_ in the reign of Queen Anne, _ib._

Pitt, the Right Hon. William, contrasted with Mr. Fox, 575; education and juvenile studies, 576; honourable election of, _ib._; addicted neither to gaming nor debauchery, 577; political principles and conduct of, _ib._; risks popularity for the good of his country, 578; measures and success of, 579; farther contrasted with Mr. Fox, 702.

Poetry, explanation of the print, 115; Progress of Liberty, 116; Congratulatory Ode, 117; United Irishmen, 118; Wanderings of Iapis, 228; Address to the Premier Peer in imitation of Horace, 233; Jacobin Council, 235; sent with a Shilling, 236; Ages of Reason, _ib._; Epistle from Miss Seward to Mr. Lister, 237; Anarchists, an Ode, 365; Honey Moon of Fox and Tooke in Imitation of Horace and Lydia, 597; Lines to Lady Nelson, _ib._; song on Admiral Nelson’s Victory, 599.

Polybius, admirable, general principles of government, thinks a mixed constitution the best, 521. _See_ Gillies.

Porcupine, Peter, efforts of, in America, 7; Republican Judge, _ib._; attempts of Spanish Ambassador against, 9; examines the _justice_ of the REPUBLICAN JUDGE, 11; characterizes republican justice, 12; Jacobinism, _ib._; Bone to Gnaw for the Democrats, 342; abused by the _Analytical Review_, _ib._; will of, 725; _Diplomatic Blunderbuss_ of, _ib._; excellent tendency and able execution, 836; _Political Censor_ of, for January, 1797, 836; ditto, for March, 1797, 839; eloquence and ability of both, _ib._

Porcupiniana, 479; strictures on the Whig Club, _ib._; on Volney the Atheist, 592; on Priestley, _ib._

Portland, Duke of, junction with Mr. Pitt justified, 206; obligations of the country to him and friends, 474.

Price. _See_ Jacobinism and Dissenters.

Priestley, Dr., reduced state of, 16; declares Republican governments to be most arbitrary, _ib._; Original Letters to, reviewed, 146; authority of, referred to, to sanction the abuse of the Church, 476; misrepresentations of, 555; the firebrand philosopher, 592; declared intention to blow up the Church, 626.

Prints, Jacobin, concur in asserting that the facts, reported by the Secret Committee, were before known to them, 247; accuse the Navy Board of inactivity, 377; misrepresentations and falsehoods of, noted, 379; ditto, 496.

Prospectus of the _Anti-Jacobin Review_, 1; of the old _Englishman_, 601.

Prostitution. _See_ Mary Wollstonecraft.

Q.

Quakers, contributed nothing _voluntarily_ to the State, 136; pretence of conscience unfounded, 137; loyalty of, exposed, 356; origin and principles of the sect, 357; farther exposed, 709; ten commandments of, 711.

R.

Reform, a veil for the most dangerous conspiracies, 139.

Reformers, in unison of counsels with France, 66; coincidence traced, _ib._

Regicides, English, Lives of (_see_ Noble); French have sworn hatred to the Monarchy, even of the Supreme Being, 446.

Reviews, democratical, the mere instruments of faction, 2.

Revolution, French, three classes of friends of, 741; proposes to establish universal Pyrrhonism, 743; germs, principles, and causes of, 746; expressions built upon, 747.

Rivers’s _History and Conduct of the Dissenters_, reviewed, 626; character of John Knox, 627; dissenters inimical to our establishment, _ib._; character of Price, 629.

Robespierre praised by republicans and levellers, 22.

Robinson’s (Mrs.) _Walsingham_, reviewed, 160; literary character of, 161; political principles, _ib._; misrepresents the manners of the great, and state of the poor, 162; admonished to read Blair’s _Lectures_, 163; not to go beyond her depth, 164.

Robinson’s, Anthony, _View of the English Wars_, 613; life and character of the author, 614; apprenticed to a dissenting linen-draper, _ib._; a sectarian preacher, 615; an orator in debating societies, _ib._; his work a mere vehicle of Jacobinism, 617.

Rousseau, character of, 360; doctrine of, 748; political, 749.

S.

Saint Lambert, principles of morality, 796; new catechism, 797.

Sallust, remarks of, on false moderation towards conspirators, 442.

Scriptures defended against Socinians and Deists, 439; attacks on, give them new force, _ib._; revilers of (_see_ Geddes).

Secession. _See_ Fox.

Seditious meetings, Bill for restraining, praised, 66.

_Shears, Report of Trial of_, reviewed, 540.

Sheridan’s testimony at Maidstone, 286.

Smith’s (Charlotte) _Young Philosopher_ reviewed, 187; she has talents for novel-writing, _ib._; defects, egotism, and repetition of the same story, _ib._; politics beyond her reach, 188; abuse of kings, _ib._; blunder about Roman demagogues, _ib._; frivolous and false remarks, 189; praised by the _Analytical_, 190.

Social order defended against the principles of the French revolution, by Abbé de Voisin, 772; ability of the work, 773; principles of Government, 775; confutation of the _Rights of Man_ doctrines, 776; confutation of the _Abbé Sièyes_, 779.

Society, Corresponding, object of, 111 (_see_ Thomas Paine); account of. _See_ Lawrence Lashknave.

Societies, Debating. _See_ Police Magistrates.

Spirit of the public journals, 324; contains the quintessence of Jacobinism, _ib._; extracts from the most Jacobinical publications, 325; address of, to the soldiers, 328. _See_ _Monthly_, _Critical_, and _Analytical Reviews_; _Courier_, _Post_, _Chronicle_, _Monthly Magazine_, and R. Phillips.

Stiguer, the Swiss patriot, high character of, 503.

Stonehouse’s Letters to Priestley, 146; predict the downfal of every government, 148; exhibit every feature of the Jacobin character, _ib._; praise the new _Annual Register_, 150.

Switzerland and Swiss. _See_ Mallet du Pan and History.

T.

Talleyrand, Perigord, a friend of Opposition Members, 151.

Taxation, plan of, on income justified, 487.

Thanet, Earl of, evidence of, at Maidstone, 290.

Theatre, 114–248–479. See _Cambro Britons_, _Lovers’ Vows_, &c.

Thomas’s _Consequences of an English Invasion_, reviewed, 459; sermon on public worship, 672.

Toasts, seditious, 69; _standing_ of the Corresponding Society and Whig Club, 80. _See_ Fox and the Duke of Norfolk.

Tooke, John Horne—_Diversions of Purley_ considered, 385; political anecdotes of, _ib._; literary merit ascertained, 386 (_see_ Henshall); _Diversions of Purley_, reviewed, 655; Portraits by (_see_ Pitt and Fox).

Turenne, different from Hoche, 32.

U.

_Underwald, Fall of_, reviewed, 663; tyranny of the Directory, 664; perfidy of, 665.

V.

Vaurien, review of, reviewed, 685; merit as a satirical performance, _ib._; exhibits the consequences of Godwin’s Political Justice, 686; describes the various modes of seizing on property, 687.

Voltaire, observations of, concerning government, 9; character, 360; philosophy, religion, and morality of, 751; life of, by Verney, 816.

Vultures, modern, 812.

W.

Wakefield, admonition to, 36; Reply to the Bishop of Landaff, 72; Letter to the Attorney General, 151; scurrilous abuse of Mr. Pitt, 152; asserts all human governments to be incorrigibly profligate, 154; pretends to control legislature, magistracy, and administration, 155; character and motives of, examined, 156; letter of, to Mr. Wilberforce, 551.

Wansey, Letter of, to the Bishop of Salisbury, answered, 542; deplorable malady of, 544.

War, causes of, the French doctrines and revolution, 27.

Whig Club tends to the subversion of the Constitution, 60 (_see_ Fox and the Duke of Norfolk); proceedings of, versified, 303; Erskine’s speech at, 609. _See_ Fox, Jacobinism, and Corresponding Society.

Whitbread, evidence of, at Maidstone, 290.

Williams, Helen Maria, Jacobinical principles of, 146; patronizes the New Annual Register, 158.

Wollstonecraft, Godwin, Mary, Memoirs of, 94; keeps her father in awe, _ib._; lively fancy without knowledge and habits of reasoning, _ib._; _so qualified_ becomes one of the _Analytical_ Reviewers, _ib._; _undertakes_ to answer Burke, 95; answer such as might have been expected, _ib._; her constitution testified by her husband to have been _amorous_, _ib._; Rights of Woman characterised, _ib._; her passions inflamed by celibacy, 96; falls in love with a married man, _ib._; at the breaking out of the war betakes herself to our enemies, _ib._; intimate with the French leaders under Robespierre, 97; with Thomas Paine, _ib._; taken by Imlay into keeping, _ib._; her husband declares that her soul had panted for that connection, _ib._; her doctrines, illustrated by her example, _not new_, _ib._; _as old as prostitution_, _ib._; proposes to elude her creditors, _ib._; deserted by her keeper, _ib._; derives particular gratification from Hamilton Rowan, _ib._; pursues her keeper to England, _ib._; her great aversion to this country, _ib._; being without a lover attempts to drown herself, 98; appointed kept mistress to the philosopher Godwin, _ib._; married to the philosopher, _ib._; does not believe in future punishments, 99; from the time she became enlightened discontinued public worship, _ib._; her life illustrates Jacobin morality and religion, _ib._; high praises of her life, doctrines, and conduct by the _Analytical_ Reviewers, 101; prophetic apostrophe to her by them, 402. _See_ Maria, Godwin, Prostitution, and _Analytical Review_.

THE END.

Footnote 1:

On the subject of the respective authorship of the contributions to _The Anti-Jacobin_, see _The Works of John Hookham Frere, in verse and prose, with Prefatory Memoir. Edited by his Nephews, H. and Sir Bartle Frere_, and _The Edinburgh Review_ for April, 1872, p. 476.

Footnote 2:

It will be remembered that these eminent persons were chosen by Lord Malmesbury to accompany him on his mission to Lille and were associated with him in the abortive negotiations for peace.

Footnote 3:

It is surprising that the satirist’s attention was not attracted to the scene in _Stella_, in which one of the heroines describes the rapid growth of her passion to its object: “I know not if you observed that you had enchained my interest from the first moment of our first meeting. I at least soon became aware that your eyes sought mine. Ah, Fernando, then my uncle brought the music, you took your violin, and, as you played, my eyes rested upon you free from care. I studied every feature of your face; and, during an unexpected pause, you fixed your eyes upon—upon me! They met mine! How I blushed, how I looked away! You observed it, Fernando; for from that moment I felt that you looked oftener over your music-book, often played out of tune, to the disturbance of my uncle. Every false note, Fernando, went to my heart. It was the sweetest confusion I ever felt in my life.”

Footnote 4:

The whole of this _jeu d’esprit_ has been claimed for FRERE, but on unsatisfactory evidence. It is much more in CANNING’S way as a student of oratory, which FRERE was not.

Footnote 5:

[See pages 32, 34.—ED.]

Footnote 6:

[A very eminent Mathematician and Physicist, and the inventor of descriptive geometry; born in 1746. In 1792 he was appointed Minister of Marine; and afterwards took an active part in the equipment of the Army. After founding the _École Polytechnique_, he was sent into Italy to receive the pictures and statues seized by Buonaparte. He then joined the expedition to Egypt, and rendered great service both in the war operations and in the labours of the _Egyptian Institute_, the results of which were published by command of Napoleon in that magnificent and extensive work the _Description de l’Égypte_. He died in 1818.—ED.]

Footnote 7:

[Parodied from Payne Knight’s poem, “_The Progress of Civil Society_,” which is admirably ridiculed in No. XV. _post_.—ED.]

Footnote 8:

[By SOUTHEY.—ED.]

Footnote 9:

[The original poem, by Southey, is here subjoined:—

THE WIDOW.

SAPPHICS.

Cold was the night wind; drifting fast the snows fell; Wide were the downs, and shelterless and naked; When a poor wand’rer struggled on her journey, Weary and way-sore.

Drear were the downs, more dreary her reflections; Cold was the night wind, colder was her bosom: She had no home, the world was all before her, She had no shelter.

Fast o’er the heath a chariot rattled by her: “Pity me!” feebly cried the poor night wanderer. “Pity me, strangers! lest with cold and hunger Here I should perish.

“Once I had friends—but they have all forsook me! Once I had parents—they are now in heaven! I had a home once—I had once a husband— Pity me, strangers!

“I had a home once—I had once a husband— I am a widow, poor and broken-hearted!” Loud blew the wind, unheard was her complaining; On drove the chariot.

Then on the snow she laid her down to rest her; She heard a horseman: “Pity me!” she groaned out. Loud was the wind, unheard was her complaining; On went the horseman.

Worn out with anguish, toil, and cold and hunger, Down sunk the wanderer; sleep had seized her senses: There did the traveller find her in the morning— God had released her.]

1796.

Footnote 10:

[GEORGE TIERNEY, M.P. for Southwark, who in early times was among the more forward of the Reformers. “He was,” says Lord Brougham, “an assiduous member of the _Society of Friends of the People_, and drew up the much and justly celebrated Petition in which that useful body laid before the House of Commons all the more striking particulars of its defective title to the office of representing the people, which that House then, as now, but with far less reason, assumed.” Notwithstanding the above severe verses, Tierney served under Canning as Master of the Mint, during the latter’s short administration in 1827.—ED.]

Footnote 11:

[In Feb., 1797, about 1400 Frenchmen landed at Pembroke, but surrendered without resistance to the country people, whom Lord CAWDOR (who had been elevated to the Peerage in the preceding year) had armed with scythes and pitchforks. He was succeeded by his elder son, who was created Earl Cawdor in 1827, and died 1860.—ED.]

Footnote 12:

[This account will be found on p. 32, _et seq._—ED.]

Footnote 13:

See proclamation of the Directory.

Footnote 14:

The “_too long calumniated_ author of the _Rights of Man_”.—See a Sir Something Burdett’s speech at the Shakspeare, as referred to in the _Courier_ of Nov. 30.

Footnote 15:

The Guillotine at Arras was, as is well known to every Jacobin, painted “_Couleur de Rose_”.

Footnote 16:

See _Weekly Examiner_, No. 11. Extract from the _Courier_.

Footnote 17:

_La petite Fenétre_, and _la Razoire Nationale_, fondling expressions applied to the Guillotine by the Jacobins in France, and their pupils here.

Footnote 18:

[The original poem is here subjoined:—

THE SOLDIER’S WIFE.

DACTYLICS.

Weary way-wanderer, languid and sick at heart, Travelling painfully over the rugged road; Wild-visaged wanderer! Ah! for thy heavy chance.

Sorely thy little ones drag by thee barefooted, Cold is the baby that hangs at thy bending back— Meagre and livid, and screaming its wretchedness.

Woe-begone mother, half anger, half agony, As over thy shoulder thou lookest to hush the babe, Bleakly the blinding snow beats in thy haggard face.

Thy husband will never return from the war again; Cold is thy hopeless heart, even as charity— Cold are thy famished babes—God help thee, widowed one!]

1795.

Footnote 19:

[“Walked to the Old Bailey to see DAVID ISAAC EATON in the pillory. The mob was decidedly friendly to him. His having published PAINE’S _Age of Reason_ was not an intelligible offence to them.”—_Crabb Robinson’s Diary_, i. 386.

The Proclamation against _Seditious Writings_, however, was supported by some influential Whigs. “PITT had previously sent copies of it to several members of the Opposition in both Houses, requesting their advice,” says Lord Malmesbury. Whether PITT desired it or not, no measure could have been more effectual for dividing the Whig party.—ED.]

Footnote 20:

[See p. 38.—ED.]

Footnote 21:

My worthy friend the bellman had promised to supply an additional stanza; but the business of assisting the lamplighter, chimney-sweeper, &c., with complimentary verses for their worthy masters and mistresses, pressing on him at this season, he was obliged to decline it. [A quiz at the third stanza, which was contributed by COLERIDGE.—ED.]

Footnote 22:

[Thomas Dyche was a clergyman, and kept a school at Stratford-le-Bow. He was the author of an English dictionary, a spelling-book, a Latin vocabulary, &c. He died about 1750. Thomas Dilworth, whose educational works were long popular, was for some time his assistant, and then set up a school for himself at Wapping. He died in 1781.—ED.]

Footnote 23:

[_and_ should have been omitted.—ED.]

Footnote 24:

[The Latin Verses, much admired at the time, were written by the Marquis WELLESLEY at Walmer Castle, in 1797, at the desire of PITT, and were published after the author’s departure for India, in the _Anti-Jacobin_. The beautiful translation of them was by Lord MORPETH, afterwards sixth Earl of CARLISLE, whose mother was the daughter of GRANVILLE LEVESON GOWER, first Marquis of STAFFORD. He died in 1848.]

Footnote 25:

The original poem as translated, or rather paraphrased, by Prof. J. D. Carlyle, is here subjoined:—

THE CHOICE.

Sabla! thou saw’st th’ exulting foe In fancied triumphs crown’d: Thou heard’st their frantic females throw These galling taunts around:

“Make now YOUR CHOICE—the terms we give, Desponding victims, hear! These fetters on your _hands_ receive, Or in your _hearts_ the spear.”

“And is the conflict o’er,” we cried, And lie we at your feet, “And dare you vauntingly decide The fortune we must meet?

“A brighter day we soon shall see, Tho’ now the prospect lowers, And Conquest, Peace, and Liberty Shall gild our future hours.”

The foe advanc’d—in firm array We rush’d o’er SABLA’S sands, And the red sabre mark’d our way Amidst their yielding bands.

Then as they writh’d in death’s cold grasp, We cried, “OUR CHOICE is made! These _hands_ the sabre’s hilt shall clasp, Your _hearts_ shall have the blade!”

As Carlyle’s version is although a spirited not a faithful one, the Editor is induced to present a literal translation, from _Translations of Ancient Arabian Poetry, by C. J. Lyall_, 1885, 8vo., p. 10. The contest was not a battle but one of the frequent skirmishes between neighbouring clans. _Sabla_ is Carlyle’s rendering of _Sahbal a Wady_, in Arabia, overlooked by twin peaks.

Footnote 26:

[W. H. Ireland, the Shakespeare forger.—ED.]

Footnote 27:

[The above ballad refers to an attempt by FRANCIS, fifth DUKE OF BEDFORD, to escape the payment of the Assessed Taxes upon twenty-five of his servants, on the plea that as the Helpers did not wear a Livery, and were engaged by the week, they were not liable to the duty. This defence was, however, unsuccessful.—ED.]

Footnote 28:

_Twaie coneynge Clerks._—_Coneynge_ is the participle of the verb to _ken_ or _know_. It by no means imports what we now denominate a _knowing one_: on the contrary, _twaie coneynge clerks_ means _two intelligent and disinterested clergymen_.

Footnote 29:

_Seely_ is evidently the original of the modern word _silly_. A _seely wight_, however, by no means imports what is now called a _silly fellow_, but means a man of simplicity of character, devoid of all _vanity_, and of any strange, ill-conducted ambition, which, if successful, would immediately be fatal to the man who indulged it.

Footnote 30:

_Good advisament_ means—_cool consideration_.

Footnote 31:

[FRANCIS, fifth DUKE OF BEDFORD, died after a severe surgical operation, March 2, 1802, at the early age of thirty-six. “The Duke of Bedford’s energetic and capacious mind,” says Lord Ossory, “his enlarged way of thinking, and elevated sentiments, together with the habits and pursuits of his life, peculiarly qualified him for his high station and princely fortune. He was superior to bad education and disadvantages for forming his character, and turned out certainly a first-rate man, though not free from imperfections. His uprightness and truth were unequalled; his magnanimity, fortitude and consideration, in his last moments, taken so unprepared as he was, were astonishing.”

On the 16th March, C. J. Fox, in moving for a new writ for the borough of Tavistock, vacated by Lord John Russell, who had succeeded to the titles and estates of his deceased brother, took occasion to pronounce a beautiful and glowing eulogium on his departed friend and firm supporter.—ED.]

Footnote 32:

[The _Anti-Jacobin_ (in No. 8) thus speaks of the threatened invasion of this country, for which “they have publicly formed, and (as they term it) _organized_ their ARMY OF ENGLAND. Its Advanced Guard is to be formed from a chosen Corps of Banditti, the most distinguished for Massacre and Plunder. It is to be preceded, as it naturally ought, by _the Genius of French Revolutionary Liberty_, and it will be _welcomed_, as they tell us, ‘on the _ensanguined_ shores of Britain, by the generous friends of Parliamentary Reform’. In the interval, however, till these golden dreams are realized, it is necessary that this ‘_Army of England_,’ while it yet remains in France, should be fed, paid, and clothed. For this purpose a new and separate fund is provided (in the same spirit with the rest of their measures), and is to be termed ‘THE LOAN OF ENGLAND,’ to be raised by anticipation on the security and mortgage of all the Lands and Property of this Country. This _gasconade_, which sounds too extravagant for reality, is nevertheless seriously announced by a message from the Executive Directory; and we are told that the Merchants of Paris are eagerly offering to advance, on such a security, the money which is to defray the expenses of the Expedition against this country.”—ED.]

Footnote 33:

[The above verses refer to the memorable events of the 18th Fructidor, Sept. 4, 1797 (the model of Prince Louis Napoléon’s _coup d’état_, Dec. 2, 1851), when Rewbell, Barras, and Laréveillère-Lepaux, on the plea that the Republic was in danger, got rid of their fellow-directors, Carnot (grandfather to the present President of the French Republic) and Barthélemy, who were replaced by Merlin and François de Neufchateau, dispersed by military force the members of the Five Hundred and the Ancients, fifty-three of whom were condemned to transportation—banished the editors, &c., of forty-two newspapers—annulled the elections of forty-eight departments—and effected other arbitrary measures without opposition. The springs of the movement were throughout directed by Buonaparte, seconded by Hoche and Augereau. This event was the true era of the commencement of military despotism in France. But THIERS considers “the Directory by these means prevented civil war, and substituted an arbitrary but necessary act of power, carried out with energy, but with all the mildness and moderation that revolutionary times would allow”.—ED.]

Footnote 34:

[Alluding to the National Thanksgiving for the three great naval victories achieved by Lords Howe, St. Vincent, and Duncan. On this occasion the King and Queen, with their family, the Houses of Lords and Commons, &c., went in procession to St. Paul’s, where Divine Service was performed. The Government Papers attributed to the Opposition Press a desire to throw discredit on this proceeding. “The consequence of the Procession to St. Paul’s” (says the _Morning Post_, of Dec. 25) “was, that _one_ man returned thanks to the Almighty, and _one_ woman was _kicked_ TO DEATH.”—ED.]

Footnote 35:

[Mary Frampton, in her journal (Dec. 20, 1797), gives a lively account of the King’s attendance at St. Paul’s for Duncan’s Victory on the 11th Oct. “The King,” she says, “stopped under the dome, and conversed for some time with Lord Duncan and the sailors; and, to the great scandal of good church-goers, did not hold his tongue for any considerable time together during the service.... Pitt was attacked at Temple Bar by three ruffians, who rushed from the mob and seized upon the door of his carriage undoubtedly with an intent to drag him out, but three of the Light Horse Volunteers rode up, and backing their horses against them, sent them head over heels to the place from whence they came, rather faster than they ventured out.” Page 99.—ED.]

Footnote 36:

[PRINCE TALLEYRAND.—ED.]

Footnote 37:

GENERAL DANICAN, in his Memoirs, tells us, that while he was in command, a felon, who had assumed the name of Brutus, chief of a revolutionary tribunal at Rennes, said to his colleagues, on Good Friday, “Brothers, we must put to death this day, at the same hour the counter-revolutionist Christ died, that young devotee who was lately arrested”: and this young lady was guillotined accordingly, and her corpse treated with _every possible species of indecent insult_, to the infinite amusement of a vast multitude of spectators.

Footnote 38:

The reader will find in the works of PETER PORCUPINE [W. COBBETT] (a spirited and instructive writer) an ample and satisfactory commentary on this and the following stanza. The French themselves inform us, that by the several modes of destruction here alluded to, upwards of 30,000 persons were butchered at Lyons, and this once magnificent city almost levelled to the ground, by the command of a wretched actor (COLLOT D’HERBOIS), whom they had formerly hissed from the stage. From the same authorities we learn, that at Nantz 27,000 persons, of both sexes, were murdered; chiefly by drowning them in plugged boats. The waters of the Loire became putrid, and were forbidden to be drunk, by the savages who conducted the massacre:—that at Paris 150,000, and in La Vendée 300,000 persons were destroyed.—Upon the whole, the French themselves acknowledge, that TWO MILLIONS of human beings (exclusive of the military) have been sacrificed to the principles of EQUALITY and the RIGHTS OF MAN: 250,000 of these are stated to be WOMEN, and 30,000 CHILDREN. In this last number, however, they do not include the unborn; nor those who started from the bodies of their agonizing parents, and were stuck upon the bayonets of those very men who are now to compose the “ARMY OF ENGLAND,” amidst the most savage acclamations.

[At the beginning of the revolution, some companies of children, called _Bonsbons_, were dressed and drilled as National Guards, as a compliment to the Dauphin, who to please the Parisians sometimes donned that uniform. Similar companies were afterwards formed in Brittany, and employed to shoot those poor wretches whom the two guillotines could not dispatch in sufficient numbers!—_Biog. Univ._, art. _St. André_.—ED.]

Footnote 39:

At Lyons, JABOGUES, the _second_ murderer (the Actor being the _first_), in his speech to the Democratic Society, used these words—“Down with the edifices raised for the profit or the pleasure of the rich; down with them ALL. COMMERCE and ARTS are useless to a warlike people, and are the destruction of that SUBLIME EQUALITY which France is determined to spread over the globe.” Such are the consequences of RADICAL REFORM! Let any merchant, farmer, or landlord; let any husband or father consider this, and then say, “_Shall we or shall we not contribute a moderate sum_, IN PROPORTION TO OUR ANNUAL EXPENDITURE, _for the purpose of preserving ourselves from the fate of Lyons, La Vendée, and Nantz?_”

STYPTIC.

Footnote 40:

[Probably written by the Rt. Hon. John Courtnay.]

Footnote 41:

Line 10.—[One of the distinguishing features of the “ANTI-JACOBIN” was their articles devoted to an exposure of the “Lies, Misrepresentations, and Mistakes” of the Opposition Press.—ED.]

Footnote 42:

Line 23.—[George Hammond, at this time Canning’s colleague as Under-Secretary of State; the latter being succeeded by John Hookham Frere.—ED.]

Footnote 43:

Line 30.—[Lord Morpeth, son of the (fifth) Earl of Carlisle who was satirized by Byron in “English Bards and Scotch Reviewers”.—ED.]

Footnote 44:

Line 32.—[George Granville Leveson Gower, eldest son of the first Marquis of Stafford, born in 1758, became second Marquis in 1803, and created Duke of Sutherland in 1833. He was one of Canning’s intimate college companions.—ED.]

Footnote 45:

Line 41.—[James Harris, first Earl of Malmesbury, one of the most distinguished of English diplomatists. His “Diaries and Correspondence,” published by his grandson, the third Earl, throw much light on the transactions of the eventful period to which they refer.—ED.]

Footnote 46:

Line 42.—[George Ellis, the accomplished editor of the “Specimens of the Early English Poets, and of Early English Metrical Romances,” &c. In early life he contributed to the _Rolliad_, being the author of Nos. 1 and 2, in Part I., and Nos. 1 and 2, in Part II. Of the _Political Eclogues_ he wrote the one entitled “Charles Jenkinson”. In the _Probationary Odes_, he wrote No. II. “Ode on the New Year, by Lord Mulgrave,” and No. XX. “Irregular Ode for the King’s Birth Day, by Sir G. Howard”. Afterwards, however, he became much attached to Pitt, and acted as Secretary to Lord Malmesbury during his unsuccessful negotiations with the French for peace, at Lisle, 1797. Horace Walpole thus alludes to him, in a letter of 24th June, 1783: “English people are in fashion at Versailles. A Mr. Ellis, who wrote some pretty verses at Bath two or three years ago, is a favourite there.” Sir Walter Scott addressed to him Canto V. of “Marmion”. He died in 1815, aged 70.—ED.]

Footnote 47:

Line 71.—[The Rt. Hon. Henry Dundas (afterwards created Viscount Melville), in the Commons, and Lord Grenville in the Lords, were Pitt’s most efficient supporters.—ED.]

Footnote 48:

Line 16.—[Brookes’s Club was the grand rendezvous of the Whigs.—ED.]

Footnote 49:

Line 17.—[JAS. HARE was M.P. for Knaresborough, and one of the most brilliant wits of the Whig Party. At Eton his verses were hung up as specimens of excellence. Great expectations were raised as to his eloquence in the House of Commons. But his timidity was so great that he broke down in his first speech, and this failure, joined with delicate health, prevented a second attempt. Horace Walpole speaks of his “brilliancy and fire,” and of his own inferiority to him. His _bons mots_ were innumerable. He died in 1804. The following is Lord Ossory’s opinion of the social talents of some of the best talkers of his day:—“Horace Walpole was an agreeable, lively man, very affected, always aiming at wit, in which he fell very short of his old friend, GEORGE SELWYN, who possessed it in the most genuine but indescribable degree. HARE’S conversation abounded with wit, and perhaps of a more lively kind; so did BURKE’S, though with much alloy of bad taste; but, upon the whole, my brother the General [FITZPATRICK] was the most agreeable man in society of any of them.”—MS., R. Vernon Smith.—ED.]

Footnote 50:

Line 19.—[General FITZPATRICK was one of Fox’s most attached friends and political supporters. BOSWELL, speaking of a dinner at BEAUCLERK’S, 24th April, 1779, says, on a celebrated wit being mentioned (believed to be Fitzpatrick), “JOHNSON replied, ‘I have been several times in company with him, but never perceived any strong power of wit. He produces a general effect by various means; he has a cheerful countenance and a gay voice. Besides his trade is wit. It would be as wild in him to come into company without merriment, as for a highwayman to take the road without his pistols.’” WALPOLE (in his _Journal of the Reign of George III._, i. 167, and ii. 560) describes him as “an agreeable young man of parts,” and mentions his “genteel irony and badinage”. He was Lord Shelburne’s brother-in-law, at whose house Johnson might have met him, as well as in Fox’s company. Rogers (_Table Talk_, p. 104) said that Fitzpatrick was at one time nearly as famous for his wit as Hare. He possessed no mean poetic talents, particularly for compositions of wit, fancy, and satire. To the _Rolliad_ he contributed “Extract from the Dedication”; Nos. v., ix. and xii., in Part I.; and No. v. in Part II. In the _Political Eclogues_, he wrote “The Liars”; and “Pindaric Ode” (No. xv.)—also, “Incantation for raising a Phantom, imitated from Macbeth,” in the _Political Miscellanies_.

GENERAL RICHARD FITZPATRICK’S EPITAPH ON HIMSELF.

“MY OWN EPITAPH.

“Whose turn is next? This monitory Stone Replies, vain Passenger, perhaps thy own. If, idly curious, thou wilt seek to know Whose relics mingle with the dust below, Enough to tell thee, that his destin’d span On Earth he dwelt,—and, like thyself, a Man. Nor distant far th’ inevitable day When thou, poor mortal, shalt like him be clay. Through life he walk’d unemulous of fame, Nor wish’d beyond it to preserve a name. Content, if Friendship, o’er his humble bier, Drop but the heartfelt tribute of a tear; Though countless ages should unconscious glide, Nor learn that ever he had liv’d, or died. “R. F.”

Such is the epitaph placed on a stone sarcophagus in the usual form, in the churchyard at Sunninghill, close to the house where Gen. Fitzpatrick’s friend, G. Ellis, died.—Nichols, _Lit. Illustr._, vol. vii., pp. 633–4.—ED.]

Footnote 51:

Line 19.—[Lord JOHN TOWNSHEND, the second son of the first Marquis Townshend. He represented Cambridge till ousted by PITT at the general election in 1784. In 1788 he became the colleague of FOX for Westminster. He afterwards represented Knaresborough for twenty-five years: his colleague in 1797 was HARE. He had great powers of wit and satire. In the _Political Eclogues_ (subjoined to _The Rolliad_), he wrote the one entitled “Jekyll”. To the _Probationary Odes for the Laureatship_ he contributed No. xii., in ridicule of Warren Hastings’s agent, Major John Scott, M.P. Also, the “Dialogue between a certain personage and his Minister,” in imitation of the Ninth Ode of Horace,