iv. 102;

see _Courage_, _Holiness_, _Justice_, _Temperance_, _Wisdom_.

Vision, doctrine of Empedokles, i. 45; caused by images from objects, Demokritus, 78; Plato's conception of the act of, iii. 129 _n._, 159; Plato's theory, iv. 236; Aristotle on, 237 _n._; ancient theories of, _ib._; principal advantages of, 237.

Voltaire, iv. 233, i. 168 _n._

W.

War, from city's increased wants, iv. 22; class of soldiers, characteristics, 23; both sexes to go together to battle, 46; against Greek enemies to be carried on mildly, 47; Spartan institutions adapted to, 282; military commanders and council, 332; military training of youths, 349; Sokrates on qualities for, i. 133 _n._

Water, the Chaos of Hesiod, i. 4 _n._; principle of Thales, 4; originally covered the earth, according to Xenophanes, &c., 18; Empedokles, 38; discovery of the composition of, ii. 163 _n._

Watt, discovery of composition of water, ii. 163 _n._

Wealth, Plato's view of, iv. 199 _n._

Wedgwood, H., iii. 326 _n._

Weisse, on _Timæus_, iv. 256 _n._

Westermann, on _Menexenus_, iii. 408 _n._

Whately, Abp., on Fallacies, ii. 217.

Whewell, Dr., ii. 48, 193 _n._

Wholes, abstract and concrete, ii. 52, 53; generic and analogical, 48, 193 _n._, iii. 365.

Wilson, Dr. Geo., ii. 163 _n._

Winckelmann, i. 132 _n._

Wisdom, no positive knowledge of, i. 414, 416; in state, iv. 34-5; what it is, 421, 423; see _Knowledge_.

Wise, term applied when men know when and how far to use their accomplishments, ii. 15.

Wise man, the Ideal, see _Expert_.

Women, position of Greek, iii. 1; genesis from degenerate man, iv. 252; inferiority to men, 234, 252; best, equal by nature to second-best men, 42, 171-4; not superior in weaving and cookery, 172 _n._; temporary marriages, 43, 175-8; object, 198; Plato's and modern sentiments, 192, 194 _n._; influence of Aphroditê very small in Platonic state, 197; both sexes to go together to battle, 46; same duties and training for women as men, 41, 46; same duties and training as men, 77; on principle that every citizen belongs to the city, 187; maintained in _Leges_, and harmonises with ancient legends, 196; contrast with Aristotle, 195.

Wordsworth, ii. 250 _n._

Writing, see _Books_.

Wyttenbach, on meaning of _Atheist_, iv. 382 _n._; Plato's immortality of the soul, ii. 423 _n._

X.

Xanthippê, iii. 23 _n._

Xanthus, i. 19 _n._

Xenokrates, iv. 255.

Xenophanes, life, i. 16; doctrines, _ib._; unsatisfactory, 18; held Non-Ens inadmissible, _ib._; the relative and absolute, 19; infers original aqueous state of earth from prints of shells and fishes, _ib._; censured by Herakleitus, 26; scepticism, 18; popular mythology censured, 16; religious element in, _ib._, 18; the Universe God, 119 _n._

Xenophon, date of, i. 207; Sokratic element an accessory in, 206; essentially a man of action, _ib._; personal history, 207-12, 215, 220; alleged enmity between Plato and, iii. 22 _n._, iv. 146 _n._, 312 _n._; antipathy to Aristippus, i. 182 _n._; enlarges the influence claimed by Sokrates, 418; Sokrates of Plato and, 178, 199; Sokrates on the Holy, different from Platonic Sokrates, 454; and Plato compared, on Sokrates' reply to Melêtus, 456, ii. 420 _n._; Sokrates' character one-sided, iii. 423; discussion of _law_, ii. 86; the ideal the only real, 88 _n._; Sokrates on friendship, 186; _natural_ causes of friendship, 341 _n._; view of Eros, iii. 25; [Greek: paiderasti/a], 20 _n._; Sokrates' identification of Good with pleasure, ii. 305; Sokrates' doctrine of good, iii. 365; motive to practice of virtue, iv. 99, 101 _n._, 135 _n._; immortality of soul, ii. 420 _n._; on filial ingratitude, iv. 399 _n._; Sokrates on qualities for war, i. 133 _n._; Sokrates' view of rhetoric, ii. 371 _n._; relation of mind to kosmos, iii. 368; the gods' jealousy, iv. 165 _n._; change in old age, Plato compared, i. 244; contrasted with Plato in _Timæus_, iv. 219; works, i. 213; analogy with _Alkibiadês I._ and _II._, ii. 21; Sokrates' order of problems not observed, i. 230; _Symposion_ of, 152; date, iii. 26 _n._; compared with Plato's, 22; _Memorabilia_ compared with _Alkibiadês II._, ii. 29; debate of Sokrates and Hippias, 34, 37, 49, 66; _OEkonomikus_, ideal of an active citizen, i. 214; _Hieron_, contents, 216-20; Sokrates not introduced in _Hieron_ and _Cyropædia_, 216; _Hieron_ compared with _Gorgias_, 221; why Syracusan despot taken for subject, 220-2; interior life of despot, 218, 220; Sokratic ideal of government differently worked out by Plato, and, iii. 273; _idéal_, citizens willing to be ruled, iv. 283 _n._,