iv. 254;

kosmos a living being and a god, 220, 223; Time began with, 227; Demiurgus produces kosmos by persuading Necessity, 220, 238; process of demiurgic construction, iii. 409 _n._, iv. 223; copy of the [Greek: Au)to/zôon], 223, 227, 235 _n._, 263; body, form, and rotation of kosmos, 225, 229, 237, 252; change of view in _Epinomis_, 424 _n._; position and elements of soul of kosmos, 225; affinity to human, iii. 366 _n._; four elements not primitive, iv. 238; varieties of each element, 242; forms of the elements, 239; Ideas and Materia Prima, iii. 397 _n._, iv. 239; primordial chaos, 240; geometrical theory of the elements, _ib._; borrowed from Pythagoreans, i. 349 _n._; Aristotle on, iv. 241 _n._; primary and visible gods, 229; secondary and generated gods, 230; Plato's acquiescence in tradition, 230-3, 241 _n._; address of Demiurgus to generated gods, 233; preparations for man's construction, a soul placed in each star, 235; construction of man, 243; Demiurgus conjoins three souls and one body, 233; generated gods fabricate cranium as miniature of kosmos, with rational soul rotating within, 235; mount cranium on a tall body, 236; man the cause of evil, 234; inconsistency, _ib._ _n._; organs of sense, 236; soul tripartite, compared with _Phædon_, ii. 384; the gentle, tender, and æsthetical emotions omitted, iv. 149 _n._; each part at once material and mental, 257; seat of, 259 _n._; thoracic, function of heart and lungs, 245, 259 _n._; abdominal, function of liver, 245, 259; seat of prophetic agency, 246; function of spleen, _ib._; object of length of intestinal canal, 247; bone, flesh, marrow, nails, mouth, teeth, 247; vision, sleep, dreams, 237; advantages of sight and hearing, _ib._; mortal soul of plants, 248; plants for man's nutrition, _ib._; general survey of diseases, 249; Plato compared with Aristotle and Hippokrates, 260; mental diseases arise from body, 250; no man voluntarily wicked, 249; preservative and healing agencies, 260; treatment of mind by itself, 251; rotations of kosmos to be studied, 252; contrast of Plato's admiration, with degenerate realities, 262, 264; genesis of women and inferior animals from degenerate man, 252; degeneracy originally intended, 263; poetical close, 264; compared with _Protagoras_, ii. 268 _n._; _Phædon_, 383, 407 _n._, 411, 412, 422, iv. 239 _n._; _Phædrus_, _ib._; _Theætêtus_, iii. 163; _Philêbus_, 397 _n._; _Republic_, iv. 38 _n._, 253 _n._; _Leges_, 276, 389 _n._; _Epinomis_, 424 _n._

Time, contents of the idea of, i. 20 _n._; and space comprised in Parmenides' ens, 19; Herakleitus' doctrine, iv. 228 _n._; Plato's imagination of momentary stoppages in, iii. 100, 102; Aristotle, 103; began with the kosmos, iv. 227; difficulties of Diodôrus Kronus, i. 145; Stoical belief, iii. 101 _n._; Harris, i. 146 _n._; calendar of ancients, iv. 325 _n._

Timocracy, iv. 79.

Tracy, Destutt, _Homo Mensura_, iii. 292 _n._; individualism, 139 _n._; origin of language, 328 _n._

Trade, see _Commerce_.

Tragedy, mixed pleasure and pain excited by, iii. 355 _n._; Plato's aversion to Athenian, iv. 316, 350; peculiar to himself, 317; Aristotle differs, _ib._ _n._

Trendelenburg, on Platonic canon, i. 345 _n._; _Philêbus_, iii. 398 _n._; relativity of knowledge, 124 _n._

Trent, Council of, i. 390 _n._

Truth, and Good and Real, coalesce in Plato's mind, ii. 88, iii. 391; obtainable by reason only, Demokritus' doctrine, i. 72; the search after, the business of life to Sokrates and Plato, 396; _per se_ interesting, 403; modern search goes on silently, 369; philosophy is reasoned, _vii-ix_; its criterion, ii. 247; resides in universals, 411, 412, iv. 3 _n._; necessary, iii. 253 _n._; all persuasion founded on a knowledge of, 28; generating cause of error, 33; dialectic the standard for classifying sciences as more or less true, 383; classification of true and false, how applied to cognitions, 394; its valuable principles, 395; is falsehood possible? 199; is theoretically possible, and its production may be object of such a profession as Sophists, 214; lie for useful end, justifiable, ii. 347 _n._, iv. 3 _n._; Aristotle on, iii. 386 _n._; see _Mythe_.

Turgot, on etymology, iii. 303 _n._; _Existence_, 135 _n._; hopelessness of defining common and vague terms, ii. 186 _n._

Tyndall, Prof., i. 373 _n._

Type gives natural groups, definition classes, ii. 48, 193 _n._

U.

Ueberweg, on Platonic canon, attempts reconcilement of Schleiermacher and Hermann, i. 313; the Dialogues, 401 _n._; _Theætêtus_, iii. 167 _n._; _Sophistês_, 186 _n._, 253, 369 _n._; _Politikus_, 186 _n._; _Philêbus_, 368 _n._; _Timæus_, _ib._, iv. 255 _n._; _Menexenus_, iii. 412 _n._; Ideas, iv. 239 _n._

Universals, debates about meaning, iii. 76-7; different views of Aristotle and Plato, 76; definition of, the object of the Sokratic dialectic, i. 452; Sokrates sought the common characteristic, Plato found it in his Idea, 454; process of forming, ii. 27; truth resides in, 411-2, iv. 3 _n._; amidst particulars, iii. 257; different dialogues compared, _ib._; how is generic unity distributed among species and individuals, 339; natural coalescence of finite and infinite, 340; illustration from speech and music, 342; explanation insufficient, 343; see _Ideas_, _One_.

Upton, sophism [Greek: Kurieu/ôn], i. 141 _n._

Useful, the Good, ii. 30; the Just or Good--general but not constant explanation in Plato, 38; the lawful is the, 36; not identical with the beautiful, 44, 50 _n._

Utilitarianism, its standard, ii. 310 _n._; doctrine of Sokrates, 349, 354 _n._; theory in _Protagoras_, 308; _Republic_, iv. 3 _n._, 12, 14, 104.

V.

Vacherot, i. 376 _n._

Vacuum, theory of Demokritus, i. 67; Pythagorean different from Plato's doctrine, iv. 225 _n._

Varro, etymologies, iii. 311 _n._

Vaughan, Dr., iv. 380 _n._

Veron, M., Relativity, iii. 144 _n._

Virgil, general doctrine of metempsychosis in, ii. 425 _n._

Virtue, identified with knowledge by Sokrates, ii. 67 _n._, 239, 240, 321; of what, unsolved, 244; Sokrates and Plato dwell too exclusively on intellectual conditions, 67-8, 83; its one sufficient condition, perfect state of the intelligence, 149; is it teachable, 232, 239, 240, 266, 275, iii. 330 _n._; Xenophon on, i. 230; plurality of virtues, ii. 233; the highest, teachable, but all existing virtue is from inspiration, 242; problem unsolved, _ib._; taught by citizens, 269, 272; quantity acquired depends on individual aptitude, _ib._; analogy of learning the vernacular, 273; is it in divisible, or of parts, homogeneous or heterogeneous, 277; no man does evil voluntarily, 292, iv. 249, 365-7; a right comparison of pleasure and pain, ii. 293, 305; temperance the condition of, 358; natural dissidence of the gentle and the energetic, iii. 272; excess of the energetic entail death or banishment, of the gentle, slavery, 273; Sokrates' power in awakening ardour for, 415; but he does not explain what it is, _ib._; unsatisfactory answers of Sokrates and his friends, 416; quadruple distribution in city, iv. 34; Platonic conception is self-regarding, 104; motives to it arise from internal happiness of the just, 105; view substantially maintained since, _ib._; four cardinal virtues assumed as constituting all virtue where each resides, 134; as an exhaustive classification, 135, 417; difference in other dialogues, 137; the four, source of all other goods, 428; the only common property of, 425; and of vice, 426; of the citizens, the end of the state, 417; Xenophon on motive to practice of, 101 _n._, 135 _n._; Sokrates on its fruits, i. 415; all-sufficiency of, germ in _Republic_ of Stoical doctrine,