ii. 54;

Plato's argument against, iii. 204, 227; to Plato the only real, 385; an objective, impossible, 294 _n._, 298 _n._; see _Relative_.

Abstract, dialectic deals with, rhetoric with concrete, ii. 52, 53; and concrete aggregates, _ib._; terms, debates about meaning, iii. 76-78; different views of Aristotle and Plato, 76; and concrete, difference not conspicuous in Plato's time, 229.

Academy, the, i. 254; decorations, 269 _n._; Platonic school removed, 87 B.C., 265 _n._; library founded for use of inmates and special visitors, 278 _n._; Cicero on negative vein of, 131 _n._

Achilleus, and the tortoise, i. 97; preferred by Hippias to Odysseus, ii. 56.

Acoustics, to be studied by applying arithmetical relations and theories, iv. 74.

Actual and potential, Aristotle's distinction, iii. 135 _n._, i.** 139.

[Greek: A)dikê/mata], iv. 367, 368.

Ælian, ii. 85 _n._

Æschines, Sokraticus, dialogues of, i. 112, 114 _n._, 115, 211 _n._; Lysias' oration against, 112.

Æsculapius, belief in, ii. 418 _n._

Æthiops, i. 195.

Affirmative, see _Negative_.

Aggregate, see _Whole_.

[Greek: Ai)dô/s], meaning, ii. 269 _n._

[Greek: Ai)/sthêsis], relation to [Greek: e)pistê/mê], iii. 164 _n._; conceptions of Aristotle and Plato compared, _ib._; connected by Plato with [Greek: a)i+/ssô], iv. 235 _n._; see _Sense_.

[Greek: A)kolasi/a], derivation, iii. 302 _n._

[Greek: A)lê/theia], derivation, iii. 302 _n._

Alexander of Aphrodisias, on Chance, i. 143 _n._

Alexandrian Museum founded as a copy of the Platonic and Aristotelic [Greek: mousei=a] at Athens, i. 277; date of foundation, 280; Demetrius Phalereus chief agent in its establishment, _ib._; its contents, 275; rapid accumulation of books, _ib._; under charge of Aristophanes, 273; contained Plato's works before time of Aristophanes, 274; editions of Plato issued, 295; its authority followed by ancient critics, 297, 299.

Alexis, iii. 387 _n._

Alkibiadês, when young, frequented Sokrates' society, ii. 21; attachment of Sokrates to, iii. 8; fitness as ideal in _Alkibiadês I._ and _II._, ii. 22; see _Alkibiadês I._ and _II._ and _Symposion._

_Alkibiadês_ I. and II., different critical opinions, ii. 17; date, i. 306, 308-11, ii. 22; authenticity, i. 306-7, 309-10, ii. 2 _n._, 17; prolixity, 26; circumstances and interlocutors, 1; fitness of historical Alkibiadês for ideal, 22; no bearing on the historical Alkibiadês, 20 _n._; the Platonic picture an ideal, 22; illustrates Sokratico-Platonic method in negative and positive aspect, 7; actual and anticipated effects of dialectic, 11; analogy with Xenophontic dialogues, 21, 29; Alkibiadês as Athenian adviser, 2; advises on war and peace, his standard the just and unjust, 3; whence knowledge of it, 4; from the multitude, their judgment worthless, 5; the expedient and inexpedient substituted, 6; the just identified with the good, honourable, expedient, 7; ignorance of Athenian statesmen, eulogy of Spartan and Persian kings, 8; Alkibiadês must become good--for what end and how, 8-10; confesses his ignorance, 10; will never leave Sokrates, 12; Delphian maxim--the mind the self, 11; self-knowledge, from looking into other minds is temperance, 11; situation in _Second_, 12; danger of prayer for mischievous gifts--most men unwise, _ib._; instances of injurious gifts--mischiefs of ignorance, 14; depend on the subject-matter, _ib._; few wise public counsellors, why called wise, 15; special accomplishments often hurtful, if no knowledge of the good, 16; Sokrates on prayer and sacrifice, _ib._; Sokrates' purpose, to humble presumptuous youths, 21; his mission against false persuasion of knowledge, 24; his positive solutions illusory, 26-7; opinion embraces all varieties of knowledge save of the good, 30; the good, how known--unsolved, 31.

Allegorical interpretation of poets, ii. 285; see _Mythe_.

[Greek: A)lupi/a], the Good, iii. 338 _n._; not identical with pleasure, 353, 377; and pleasure included in Hedonists' end, _ib._; is a negative condition intermediate between pleasure and pain, iv. 86.

Amabile primum, ii. 181, 191; approximates to Idea of Good, 192; the Good, 194; compared with Aristotle's _prima amicitia_, _ib._

[Greek: A(martê/mata], iv. 367, 368.

Amazons, iv. 196.

Ana of philosophers, i. 153 _n._

Analogical and generic wholes, ii. 47, 193 _n._, iii. 365.

Analogy, Aristotle first distinguished [Greek: o(mô/numa], [Greek: sunô/numa], and [Greek: kat' a)nalogi/an]**, iii. 94 _n._; see _Metaphor_.

[Greek: A)na/mnêsis] different from [Greek: mnê/mê], iii. 350 _n._; see _Reminiscence_.

[Greek: A)nathumi/asis], i. 35 _n._

Anaxagoras, chiefly physical, i. 48; physics, 49; homoeomeries, 48, 52 _n._, 53, 55-6, 58 _n._; essential intermixture of Demokritean atoms analogous, 79 _n._; denied generation and destruction, 48; and simple bodies, 52 _n._; chaos, 50, 50 _n._, 54; Nous, relation to the homoeomeries, 54-57; originates rotatory movement in chaotic mass, 50; exercised only a catalytic agency, 55; alone pure and unmixed, 50; immaterial and impersonal, 56 _n._; its two attributes, to _move_ and to _know_, _ib._; compared with Herakleitus' [Greek: perie/chon], _ib._; Plato's Idea of Good, ii. 412; represented later as a god, i. 54; his own view of it. _ib._; theory as understood by Sokrates, ii. 393, 400, 402 _n._; Hegel on, 403 _n._; erroneously charged with inconsistency, i. 56, ii. 394, 407; animal bodies purer than air or earth, i. 51; suggested partly by the phenomenon of animal nutrition, 53; air and fire, 52, 56 _n._; astronomy, 57; his geology, meteorology, and physiology, 58; his heresy, Sokrates on, 413; threatened prosecution for impiety, 59; accused of substituting physical for mental causes, ii. 401; opposed Empedokles' theory of sensation, i. 58; theory of vision, iv. 237 _n._; illusions of sense, i. 59 _n._; compared with Empedokles, 52; relation to Anaximander, 54; agreement with Diogenes of Apollonia, 64; influence on Aristotle, 89.

Anaximander, philosophy, i. 5; Infinite reproduced in chaos of Anaxagoras, 54; relation to Empedokles, _ib._

Anaximenes, i. 7.

Angler, definition of, iii. 189.

Animal bodies purer than air or earth, i. 51; generation, Empedokles on, 42; Demokritus' researches in, 75; kosmos the copy of the [Greek: Au)to/zôon]**, iv. 223, 235 _n._, 263; genesis of inferior from degenerate man, 252; genesis of, 421.

Annikeris, i. 202.

[Greek: A)no/êta], meaning, iii. 65 _n._

Antalkidas, peace of, iii. 404.

_Anterastæ_, see _Erastæ_.

[Greek: A)nthrô/pina, ta/], iv. 302 _n._

Antipater, i. 195.

Antisthenes, works, i. 111, 115, 163 _n._; constant friend of Sokrates, 152; copied manner of Sokrates in plainness and rigour, 150, 158 _n._; ethical, not transcendental, 122, 149; and ascetic, 151, 160; did not borrow from the Veda, 159 _n._; only identical predication possible, iii. 221, 223, 232 _n._, 252, i. 165; coincidence with Plato, ii. 47 _n._; refutation of, in _Sophistês_, iii. 223, 390 _n._, i. 163, 165; misconceived the function of the copula, iii. 221; errors due to the then imperfect logic, 241; fallacies of, ii. 215; not caricatured in _Kratylus_, iii. 304 _n._, 322 _n._; on pleasure, 389 _n._; compared with Aristippus, i. 190; antipathy to Plato, 151, 152 _n._, 165; opposed Platonic ideas, 164; the first protest of Nominalism against Realism, _ib._; qualities non-existent without the mind, iii. 74 _n._; distinction of simple and complex objects, i. 171; simple undefinable, _ib._; Aristotle on, 172; Plato, _ib._; Mill, _ib._ _n._; Aristotle on school of, 115; doctrines developed by Stoics, 198.

Antoninus, Marcus, view of death, i. 422 _n._; etymologies, iii. 308 _n._; _Pius_, compared to Sokrates, ii. 382 _n._, iii. 21 _n._

Anytus, hostility to Sophists, ii. 240; and philosophy generally, 255.

[Greek: A)/peiron], see _Infinite_.

Aphorisms of Herakleitus and the Pythagoreans, i. 106.

Aphroditê, influence very small in Platonic state, iv. 197, 359 _n._

[Greek: A)phrosu/nê], equivoque, ii. 279.

Apollo, to be consulted for religious legislation, iv. 34, 137 _n._, 325, 337; Xenophon on, i. 237; consulted by Xenophon under Sokrates' advice, 208.

Apology, naturally the first dialogue for review, i. 411; authenticity, 304, 306, 410, 422 _n._, ii. 421 _n._; date, i. 306-8, 311, 313, 330; Zeno, the Stoic, attracted to Athens by perusal of, 418; its general character, 412; is Sokrates' real defence not intentionally altered 410; testimony to truth of general features of Sokrates' character in, 419 _n._; differently set forth in _Kriton_, 428; Sokrates' mission, to combat false persuasion of knowledge, 374,