CHAPTER XXIII.

GENERAL CONCLUSIONS.

The result of the writer’s studies upon petroglyphs as distinct from other forms of picture writing may now be summarized.

Perhaps the most important lesson learned from these studies is that no attempt should be made at symbolic interpretation unless the symbolic nature of the particular characters under examination is known, or can be logically inferred from independent facts. To start with a theory, or even a hypothesis, that the rock writings are all symbolic and may be interpreted by the imagination of the observer or by translation either from or into known symbols of similar form found in other regions, were a limitless delusion. Doubtless many of the characters are genuine symbols or emblems, and some have been ascertained through extrinsic information to be such. Sometimes the more modern forms are explained by Indians who have kept up the pictographic practice, and the modern forms occasionally throw light upon the more ancient. But the rock inscriptions do not evince mysticism or esotericism, cryptography, or steganography. With certain exceptions they were intended to be understood by all observers either as rude objective representations or as ideograms, which indeed were often so imperfect as to require elucidation, but not by any hermeneutic key. While they often related to religious ceremonies or myths, such figures were generally drawn in the same spirit with which any interesting matter was portrayed.

While the interpretation of petroglyphs by Indians should be obtained if possible, it must be received with caution. They very seldom know by tradition the meaning of the older forms, and their inferences are often made from local and limited pictographic practices. There is no more conscientious and intelligent Indian authority than Frank La Flêche, an Omaha, and he explains the marks on a rock in Nebraska as associated with the figures of deceased men and exhibiting the object which caused their death, such as an arrow or ax. This may be a local or tribal practice, but it certainly does not apply to similar figures throughout the Algonquian and Iroquoian areas, where, according to the concurrent testimony for more than two centuries, similar figures are either designations of tribes and associations, or in their combinations are records of achievements.

Lossing (_b_) gives the following explanation of markings on a well known rock:

Among the brave warriors in the battle [of Maumee] who were the last to flee before Wayne’s legion, was Me-sa-sa, or Turkey-foot, an Ottawa chief, who lived on Blanchards Fork of the AuGlaize River. He was greatly beloved by his people. His courage was conspicuous. When he found the line of dusky warriors giving way at the foot of Presque Isle hill, he leaped upon a small bowlder, and by voice and gesture endeavored to make them stand firm. He almost immediately fell, pierced by a musket ball, and expired by the side of the rock. * * * They carved many rude figures of a turkey’s foot on the stone, as a memorial of the English name of the lamented Me-sa-sa. The stone is still there, by the side of the highway at the foot of Presque Isle hill, within a few rods of the swift-flowing Maumee. Many of the carvings are still quite deep and distinct, while others have been obliterated by the abrasion of the elements.

This tale may be true, but it surely does not account for the turkey-foot marks which are so common in the northeastern Algonquian region, extending from Dighton rock to Ohio, that they form a typical characteristic of its pictographs. They have been considered to be the sign for the bird, the turkey, which was a frequent totem. Lossing’s story is an example of the readiness of an Indian, when in an amiable and communicative mood, to answer queries in a manner which he supposes will be satisfactory to his interviewer. He will then give any desired amount of information on any subject without the slightest restriction by the vulgar bounds of fact. It is dangerous to believe explanations on such subjects as are now under consideration, unless they are made without leading questions by a number of Indian authorities independently.

Specially convenient places for halting and resting on a journey, either by land or water, such as is mentioned supra, on Machias bay, generally exhibit petroglyphs if rocks of the proper character are favorably situated there. The markings may be mere graffiti, the product of leisure hours, or may be of the more serious descriptions mentioned below.

Some points are ascertained with regard to the motives of the painters and sculptors on rocks. Some of the characters were mere records of the visits of individuals to important springs or to fords on regularly established trails. In this practice there may have been in the intention of the Indians very much the same spirit which induces the civilized man to record his name or initials upon objects in the neighborhood of places of general resort. But there was real utility in the Indian practice, which more nearly approached to the signature in a visitor’s book at a hotel or public building, both to establish the identity of the traveler and to give the news to friends of his presence and passage. At Oakley springs, Arizona territory, totemic marks have been found, evidently made by the same individual at successive visits, showing that on the number of occasions indicated he had passed by those springs, probably camping there, and the habit of making such record was continued until quite recently by the neighboring Indians. The same repetition of totemic names has been found in great numbers in the pipestone quarries of Minnesota, on the rocks near Odanah, Wisconsin, and also at some old fords in West Virginia. These totemic marks are so designed and executed as to have intrinsic significance and value, wholly different in this respect from names in alphabetic form, which grammatically are proper but practically may be common.

Rock carvings are frequently noticed at waterfalls and other points on rivers and on lake shores favorable for fishing, which frequency is accounted for by the periodical resort of Indians to such places. Sometimes they only mark their stay, but occasionally there also appear to be records of conflict with rival or inimical tribes which sought to use the same waters.

Evidence is presented in the present work that the characters on rock pictures sometimes were pointers or “sign-posts” to show the direction of springs, the line of established trails, or of paths that would shorten distances in travel. It has been supposed that similar indications were used guiding to burial mounds and other places of peculiar sanctity or interest, but the evidence of this employment is not conclusive. Many inquiries have been made of the Bureau of Ethnology concerning Indian marks supposed to indicate the sites of gold, silver, and copper mines and buried treasure generally, which inquiries were answered only because it was recognized as the duty of an office of the government to respond, so far as possible, to requests for information, however silly, which are made in good faith.

Petroglyphs are now most frequently found in those parts of the world which are still, or recently have been, inhabited by savage or barbarian tribes. Persons of these tribes when questioned about the authorship of the rock drawings have generally attributed them to supernatural beings. Statements to this effect from many peoples of the three Americas and of other regions, together with the names of rockwriting deities, are abundantly cited in the present work. This is not surprising, nor is it instructive, except as to the mere fact that the drawings are ancient. Man has always attributed to supernatural action whatever he did not understand. Also, it appears that in modern times shamans have encouraged this belief and taken advantage of it to interpret for their own purposes the drawings, some of which have been made by themselves. But notwithstanding these errors and frauds, a large proportion of the petroglyphs in America are legitimately connected with the myths and the religious practices of the authors. The information obtained during late years regarding tribes such as the Zuñi, Moki, Navajo, and Ojibwa, which have kept up on the one hand their old religious practices and on the other that of picture writing, is conclusive on this point. The rites and ceremonies of these tribes are to some extent shown pictorially on the rocks, some of the characters on which have until lately been wholly meaningless, but are now identified as drawings of the paraphernalia used in or as diagrams of the drama of their rituals. Unless those rituals, with the creeds and cosmologies connected with them had been learned, the petroglyphs would never have been interpreted. The fact that they are now understood does not add any new information, except that perhaps in some instances their age may show the antiquity and continuity of the present rites.

A potent reason for caution in making deductions based only on copies of figures published incidentally in works of travel is that it can seldom be ascertained with exactness what is the true depiction of those figures as actually existing or as originally made. The personal equation affects the drawings and paintings intended to be copies from the rock surfaces and also the engravings and other forms of reproductions, and the student must rely upon very uncertain reproductions for most of his material. The more ancient petroglyphs also require the aid of the imagination to supply eroded lines or faded colors. Travelers and explorers are seldom so conscientious as to publish an obscure copy of the obscure original. It is either made to appear distinct or is not furnished at all, and if the author were conscientious the publisher would probably overrule him.

Thorough knowledge of the historic tribes, including their sociology, sophiology, technology, and especially their sign language, will probably result in the interpretation of many more petroglyphs than are now understood, but the converse is not true. The rock characters studied independently will not give much primary information about customs and concepts, though it may and does corroborate what has been obtained by other modes of investigation. A knowledge of Indian customs, costumes, including arrangement of hair, paint, and all tribal designations, and of their histories and traditions, is essential to the understanding of their drawings; for which reason some of those particulars known to have influenced pictography have been set forth in this work and objects have been mentioned which were known to have been portrayed graphically with special intent.

Other objects are used symbolically or emblematically which, so far as known, have never appeared in any form of pictographs, but might be found in any of them. For instance, Mr. Schoolcraft says of the Dakotas that “some of the chiefs had the skins of skunks tied to their heels to symbolize that they never ran, as that animal is noted for its slow and self-possessed movements.” This is one of the many customs to be remembered in the attempted interpretations of pictographs. The present writer does not know that a skunk skin or a strip of skin which might be supposed to be a skunk skin attached to a human heel has ever been separately used pictorially as the ideogram of courage or steadfastness, but with the knowledge of this objective use of the skins, if they were found so represented pictorially, the interpretation would be suggested without any direct explanation from Indians.

A partial view of petroglyphs has excited hope that by their correlation the priscan homes and migrations of peoples may be ascertained. Undoubtedly striking similarities are found in regions far apart from as well as near to each other. A glance at the bas-reliefs of Boro Boudour in Java, now copied and published by the Dutch authorities, at once recalls figures of the lotus and uræus of Egypt, the horns of Assyria, the thunderbolt of Greece, the Buddhist fig tree, and other noted characters common in several parts of the world. If the petroglyphs of America are considered as the texts with which all others may be compared, it is believed that the present work shows illustrations nearly identical with many much-discussed carvings and paintings on the rocks of the eastern hemisphere, those in Siberia being most strongly suggestive of connection. But from the present collection it would seem that the similarity of styles in various regions is more worthy of study than is the mere resemblance or even identity of characters, the significance of which is unknown and may have differed in the intent of the several authors. Indeed it is clear that even in limited areas of North America, diverse significance is attached to the same figure and differing figures are made to express the same concept.

The present work shows a surprising resemblance between the typical forms among the petroglyphs found in Brazil, Venezuela, Peru, Guiana, part of Mexico, and those in the Pacific slope of North America. This similarity includes the forms in Guatemala and Alaska, which, on account of the material used, are of less assured antiquity. Indeed it would be safe to include Japan and New Zealand in this general class. In this connection an important letter from Mr. James G. Swan, respecting the carved wooden images of the Haidas, accentuates the deduction derived only from comparison. Mr. Swan says that he showed to the Indians of various coast tribes the plates of Dr. Habel’s work on sculptures in Guatemala, and that they all recognized several of the pictures which he notes. They also recognized and understood the pictures of the Zuñi ceremonials, masks, and masquerades scenes published by Mr. F. H. Cushing.

Without entering upon the discussion whether America was peopled from east to west, or from either, or from any other part of the earth, it is for the present enough to suggest that the petroglyphs and other pictographs in the three Americas indicate that their pre-Columbian inhabitants had at one time frequent communication with each other, perhaps not then being separated by the present distances of habitat. Styles of drawing and painting could thus readily be diffused, and, indeed, to mention briefly the extralimital influence, if as many Japanese and Chinese vessels were driven upon the west American coast in prehistoric times as are known by historic statistics to have been so driven, the involuntary immigrants skilled in drawing and painting might readily have impressed their styles upon the Americans near their landing place to be thence indefinitely diffused. This hypothesis would not involve migration.

Interest has been felt in petroglyphs, because it has been supposed that if interpreted they would furnish records of vanished peoples or races, and connected with that supposition was one naturally affiliated that the old rock sculptures were made by peoples so far advanced in culture as to use alphabets or at least syllabaries, thus supporting the theory about the mythical mound builders or some other supposititious race. All suggestions of this nature should at once be abandoned. The practice of pictography does not belong to civilization and declines when an alphabet becomes popularly known. Neither is there the slightest evidence that an alphabet or syllabary was ever used in pre-Columbian America by the aborigines, though there is some trace of Runic inscriptions. The fact that the Maya and Aztec peoples were rapidly approaching to such modes of expressing thought, and that the Dakota and Ojibwa had well entered upon that line of evolution, shows that they had proceeded no farther, and it is admitted that they were favorable representatives of the tribes of the continent in this branch of art. The theory mentioned requires the assumption, without a particle of evidence, that the rock sculptures are alphabetic, and therefore were made by a supposititious and extinct race. Topers of the mysterious may delight in such dazing infusions of perverted fancy, but they are repulsive to the sober student.

The foregoing remarks apply mainly to rock inscriptions and not to pictographs on other substances, the discussion and illustration of which occupy the greater part of the present work. In that division there is no need of warning against wild theories or uncertain data. The objects are in hand and their current use as well as their significance is understood. Their description and illustration by classes is presented in the above chapters with such detail that further discussion here would be mere repetition.

One line of thought, however, is so connected with several of the classifications that it may here be mentioned with the suggestion that the preceding headings, with the illustrations presented under each, may be reviewed in reference to the methodical progress of pictography toward a determined and convenient form of writing. This exhibition of evolution was arrested by foreign invasion before the indirect signs of sound had superseded the direct presentments of sight for communication and record. Traces of it appear throughout the present paper, but are more intelligently noticed on a second examination than in cursory reading. In the Winter Counts of Battiste Good there are many characters where the figure of a human being is connected with an object, which shows his tribal status or the disease of which he died, and the characters representing the tribe or disease are purely determinative.

The discrimination which is made between animals and objects portrayed simply as such, and as supernatural or mystic, is shown in the many illustrations of Ojibwa and Zuñi devices, in which the heart is connected with a line extending to the mouth, and those of the Ojibwa and the Dakota, where the spirals indicate spirit or wakan. Animals are often portrayed without such lines, in which cases it is understood that they are only the animals in natural condition, but with the designations or determinatives they are intended to be supernatural. Among the Ojibwa animals connected with certain ceremonies are represented as encircled by a belt or baldric, an ornamented baldric of the same character being used by the participants in the ceremonial chant dance; so that the baldric around the animal determines that the figure is that of a supernatural and mystic, not an ordinary, animal. This is an indication of the start from simple pictography towards an alphabet by the use of determinatives as was done by the Chinese.

It is not believed that much information of historical value will be obtained directly from the interpretation of the petroglyphs in America. The greater part of those already known are simply peckings, carvings, or paintings connected with their myths or with their every-day lives. It is, however, probable that others were intended to commemorate events, but the events, which to their authors were of moment, would be of little importance as history, if, as is to be expected, they were selected in the same manner as is done by modern Indian pictographers. They referred generally to some insignificant fight or some season of plenty or of famine, or to other circumstances the interest in which has long ago died away.

The question may properly be asked, why, with such small prospect of gaining historic information, so much attention has been directed to the collection and study of petroglyphs. A sufficient answer might be submitted, that the fact mentioned could not be made evident until after that collection and study, and that it is of some use to establish the limits of any particular line of investigation, especially one largely discussed with mystical inferences to support false hypotheses. But though the petroglyphs do not and probably never will disclose the kind of information hoped for by some enthusiasts, they surely are valuable as marking the steps in one period of human evolution and in presenting evidence of man’s early practices. Also though the occurrences interesting to their authors and therefore recorded or indicated by them are not important as facts of history, they are proper subjects of examination, simply because in fact they were the chief objects of interest to their authors, and for that reason become of ethnologic import. It is not denied that some of the drawings on rocks were made without special purpose, for mere pastime, but they are of import even as mere graffiti. The character of the drawings and the mode of their execution tell something of their makers. If they do not tell who those authors were, they at least suggest what kind of people they were as regards art, customs, and sometimes religion. But there is a broader mode of estimating the quality of known pictographs. Musicians are eloquent in lauding of the great composers of songs without words. The ideography, which is the prominent feature of picture writing, displays both primordially and practically the higher and purer concept of thoughts without sound.

The experience of the present writer induces him to offer the following suggestions for the benefit of travelers and other observers who may meet with petroglyphs which they may desire to copy and describe.

As a small drawing of large rock inscriptions must leave in doubt the degree of its finish and perhaps the essential objects of its production, it is requisite, in every instance, to affix the scale of the drawing, or to give a principal dimension to serve as a guide. A convenient scale for ordinary petroglyphs is one-sixteenth of actual size. The copy should be with sufficient detail to show the character of the work. It is useful to show the lithologic character of the rock or bowlder used; whether the drawing has been scratched into the face of the rock, or incised more deeply with a sharp implement, and the depth of such incision; whether the design is merely outlined, or the whole body of the figures pecked out, and whether paint has been applied to the pecked surface, or the design executed with paint only. The composition of paint should be ascertained when possible. The amount of weathering or erosion, together with the exposure, or any other feature bearing on the question of antiquity, might prove important. If actual colors are not accessible for representation the ordinary heraldic scheme of colors can be used.

That sketches, even by artists of ability, are not of high value in accuracy, is shown by the discrepant copies of some of the most carefully studied pictographs, which discrepancies sometimes leave in uncertainty the points most needed for interpretation. Sketches, or still better, photographs are desirable to present a connected and general view of the characters and the surface upon which they are found. For accuracy of details “squeezes” should be obtained when practicable.

A simple method of obtaining squeezes of petroglyphs, when the lines are sufficiently deep to receive an impression, is to take ordinary manilla paper of loose texture, and to spread the sheet, after being thoroughly wetted, over the surface, commencing at the top. The top edge may be temporarily secured by a small streak of starch or flour paste. The paper is then pressed upon the surface of the rock by means of a soft bristle brush, so that its texture is gently forced into every depression. Torn portions of the paper may be supplied by applying small patches of wet paper until every opening is thoroughly covered. A coating of ordinary paste, as above mentioned, is now applied to the entire surface, and a new sheet of paper, similarly softened by water, is laid over this and pressed down with the brush. This process is continued until three or four thicknesses of paper have been used. Upon drying, the entire mold will usually fall off by contraction. The edge at the top, if previously pasted to the rock, should be cut. The entire sheet can then be rolled up, or if inconveniently large can be cut in sections and properly marked for future purposes. This process yields the negative. To obtain the positive the inner coating of the negative may be oiled, and the former process renewed upon the cast.

The characters when painted with bright tints and upon a light-colored surface, may readily be traced upon tracing linen, such as is employed by topographers. Should the rock be of a dark color, and the characters indistinct, a simple process is to first follow the characters in outline with colored crayons, red chalk, or dry colors mixed with water and applied with a brush, after which a piece of muslin is placed over the surface and pressed so as to receive sufficient coloring matter to indicate general form and relative position. After these impressions are touched up, the true position may be obtained by painting the lines upon the back of the sheet of muslin, or by making a true tracing of the negative.

An old mode of securing the outline was to clear out the channels of the intaglios, then, after painting them heavily, to press a sheet of muslin into the freshly painted depressions. The obvious objection to this method is the damage to the inscription. Before such treatment, if the only one practicable, all particulars of the work to be covered by paint should be carefully recorded.

The locality should be reported with detail of State (or territory), county, township, and distance and direction from the nearest post-office, railway station, or country road. In addition the name of any contiguous stream, hill, bluff, or other remarkable natural feature should be given. The name of the owner of the land is of temporary value, as it is liable to frequent changes. The site or station should be particularly described with reference to its natural characteristics and geological history. When petroglyphs are in numbers and groups, their relation to each other to the points of the compass or to topographical features, should be noted, if possible, by an accurate survey, otherwise by numeration and sketching.

The following details should be carefully noted: The direction of the face of the rock; the presence of probable trails and gaps which may have been used in shortening distances in travel; localities of mounds and caves, if any, in the vicinity; ancient camping grounds, indicated by fragments of pottery, flint chips or other refuse; existence of aboriginal relics, particularly flints which may have been used in pecking (these may be found at the base of the rocks upon which petroglyphs occur); the presence of small mortar-holes which may have served in the preparation of colors.

With reference to pictographs on other objects than rock it is important to report the material upon which they appear and the implements ascertained to be used in their execution examples of which are given in other parts of this work.

With reference to all kinds of pictographs, it should be remembered that mere descriptions without graphic representations are of little value. Probable age and origin and traditions relating to them should be ascertained. Their interpretation by natives of the locality who themselves make pictographs or who belong to people who have lately made pictographs is most valuable, especially in reference to such designs as may be either conventional, religious, or connected with lines of gesture-signs.

LIST OF WORKS AND AUTHORS CITED.

The object of this alphabetical list is to permit convenient reference to authorities without either deforming the pages of the present work by footnotes or cumbering the text with more or less abbreviated indications of editions, volumes, and pages, as well as titles and names, which in some cases would have required many repetitions. The list is by no means intended as a bibliography of the subject, nor even as a statement of the printed and MS. works actually studied and consulted by the present writer in the preparation of his copy. The details and niceties of bibliographic description are not attempted, the titles being abbreviated, except in a few instances where they are believed to be of special interest. The purpose is to include only the works which have been actually quoted or cited in the text, and, indeed, not all of those, as it was deemed unnecessary to transfer to the list some well-known works of which there are no confusing numbers of editions. When a publication is cited in the text but once, sufficient reference is sometimes made at the place of citation. When it would seem that the reference should be more particular the work is mentioned in the text, generally by the name of the author, followed by an italic letter of the alphabet in a parenthesis, which letter is repeated in the same form under the author’s name in the alphabetical list followed by mention of the edition from which the citation was taken, the number of the volume when there is more than one volume of that edition, and the page; also a reference, when needed, to the illustration reproduced or described.

Example: When the voluminous official publication of Schoolcraft is first quoted on p. 35, the reference is to p. 351 of his first volume, and the name “Schoolcraft” is followed by (_a_). On turning to that name in the list there appears under it a note of the work and the letter (_a_) is followed by “I, p. 351.” The references to this author are so many that all the letters of the alphabet are successively employed--indeed, some of them do duty several times, as several references in the text are to the same page or plate. The references to this single author would therefore have required at least thirty footnotes, or corresponding words in the text, instead of thirty italic letters divided between the several places of citation.

The abbreviation and simplicity of the plan is shown where there are many editions of the work cited. One of the most troublesome for reference of all publications is that of the Travels, etc., of Lewis and Clarke. The letter (_a_) after those names on p. 419, repeated under the same names in the list, refers to p. 66 of the edition specified.

When the italic letter in parenthesis precedes the title of a work in the list, reference is made to that work as a whole without specific quotation. So also when no such italic letter appears. Occasionally the title and imprint of a magazine or other continuous publication appears in the list without note of volume and page. This occurs where the authority is noted elsewhere, generally more than once, with only curt reference to the serial publication, and is intended to avoid repetition.

The simple scheme is designed, while avoiding bibliographic prolixity, to give practical assistance to the reader in finding the authorities cited, when desired. Scientific pretense has sometimes been sacrificed for simplicity and convenience.

LIST.

~ADAIR~ (JAMES).

The History of the American Indians; particularly those Nations adjoining to the Mississippi, East and West Florida, Georgia, South and North Carolina, and Virginia. * * * By James Adair, Esquire, a Trader with the Indians, and Resident in their Country for Forty Years. London; 1775. 4^{o}.

(_a_) p. 389.

~AMERICAN ANTHROPOLOGIST.~

The American Anthropologist, published quarterly under the auspices of the Anthropological Society of Washington. Washington, D. C. Vol. I[-VI]. 8^{o}.

(_a_) II, 1889, No. 4, p. 323. (_b_) ibid., p. 524.

~AMERICAN NATURALIST.~

The American Naturalist, a monthly journal devoted to the natural sciences in their widest sense. Philadelphia. Vol. I[-XXVII]. 8^{o}.

~AMERICAN PHILOSOPHICAL SOCIETY.~

Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society, held at Philadelphia, for promoting useful knowledge. Philadelphia (Penna.). Vol. I[-XXX]. 8^{o}.

(_a_) XXIX, p. 216.

~ANDREE~ (_Dr._ RICHARD).

Das Zeichnen bei den Naturvölkern. Separatabdruck aus den Mittheilungen der Anthropologischen Gesellschaft in Wien. Bd. XVII, der neuen Folge Bd. VII. Wien; 1887. 8^{o}.

(_a_) p. 6. (_b_) p. 4. (_c_) ib. (_d_) p. 8. (_e_) p. 5.

Ethnographische Parallelen und Vergleiche, von Richard Andree. Mit 6 Tafeln und 21 Holzschnitten. Stuttgart; 1878. 8^{o}.

(_a_) p. 260. (_b_) p. 194.

~ANTHROPOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND.~

The Journal of the Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland. London; 1872[-1892]. 8^{o}.

(_a_) XIX, May, 1890, p. 368. (_b_) XVI, Feb., 1887, p. 309. (_c_) I, 1872, p. 334. (_d_) X, Feb., 1880, p. 104. (_e_) III, Feb., 1873, p. 131. (_f_) XVII, Nov., 1887, p. 86.

~ANTHROPOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF TŌKYŌ.~

See _Tōkyō Anthropological Society of._

~ANTHROPOLOGIE.~

See _L’Anthropologie._

~ANTHROPOLOGISCHE GESELLSCHAFT IN BERLIN.~

See _Berliner Gesellschaft für Anthropologie._

~ANTHROPOLOGISCHE GESELLSCHAFT IN WIEN.~

Mittheilungen der Anthropologischen Gesellschaft in Wien. In Commission bei Alfred Hölder, k.k. Hof- und Universitäts-Buchhändler. Wien; 4^{o}.

(_a_) XVI, iii. and iv. Heft, 1886, Tafel X.

~APPUN~ (C. F.).

Südamerikanischen, mit Sculpturen bedeckten Felsens. In Verhandlungen der Berliner Gesellschaft für Anthropologie, Ethnologie und Urgeschichte. Berlin; Mai, 1877.

(_a_) pp. 6 and 7, Pl. XVI.

~ARARIPE~ (TRISTÃO DE ALENCAR).

Cidades Petrificades e Inscripções Lapidares no Brazil. By Tristão de Alencar Araripe. In Revista Trim. do Inst. Hist. e Geog. Brazil, Tome L, 2^o folheto. Rio de Janeiro; 1887.

(_a_) p. 275 et seq. (_b_) p. 291. (_c_) p. 277.

~ARCHAIC ROCK INSCRIPTIONS.~

Archaic Rock Inscriptions; an Account of the Cup and Ring Markings on the Sculptured Stones of the Old and New Worlds. * * * A Reader, Orange Street, Red Lion Square, London; 1891. Sm. 8^{o}.

~AUSLAND~, _Das_

Das Ausland. Wochenschrift für Erd- und Völkerkunde. Herausgegeben von Siegmund Günther. Stuttgart. Verlag der J. G. Cotta’schen Buchhandlung, Nachfolger. 4^{o}.

(_a_) 1884, No. 1, p. 12.

~BANCROFT~ (HUBERT HOWE).

The Native Races of the Pacific States of North America. By Hubert Howe Bancroft. San Francisco; 1882. Vol. I[-V]. 8^{o}.

(_a_) I, p. 379. (_b_) I, p. 48. (_c_) I, p. 332. (_d_) II, p. 802. (_e_) I, p. 333. (_f_) I, p. 387. (_g_) I, p. 403. (_h_) II, p. 374. (_i_) IV, pp. 40-50.

~BANDELIER~ (A. F.).

Report of an Archæological Tour in Mexico in 1881. By A. F. Bandelier. Papers of the Archæological Institute of America. American Series, II. Boston; 1884. 8^{o}.

(_a_) p. 184.

~BARTLETT~ (JOHN RUSSELL).

Personal Narrative of Explorations and Incidents in Texas, New Mexico, California, Sonora, and Chihuahua, connected with the United States and Mexican Boundary Commission, during the years 1850, ’51, ’52, and ’53. By John Russell Bartlett, United States Commissioner during that period. New York; 1854. 2 vols. 8^{o}.

(_a_) II, pp. 192-206. (_b_) ibid., pp. 170-173.

~BASTIAN~ (A.).

(_b_) Amerika’s Nordwest-Küste. Neueste Ergebnisse ethnologischer Reisen. Aus den Sammlungen der königlichen Museen zu Berlin. Herausgegeben von der Direction der ethnologischen Abtheilung. Berlin; 1884. Folio.

Ethnologisches Bilderbuch (mit erklärendem Text), 25 Tafeln. Von Adolf Bastian. Berlin; 1887. Folio.

(_a_) Pl. VI.

~BELDEN~ (G. P.).

Belden, the White Chief, or Twelve Years among the Wild Indians of the Plains. From the diaries and manuscripts of George P. Belden. * * * Edited by Gen. James S. Brisbin, U. S. A. Cincinnati and New York; 1870. 8^{o}.

(_a_) p. 277. (_b_) p. 145. (_c_) p. 144.

~BERLINER GESELLSCHAFT FÜR ANTHROPOLOGIE.~

Verhandlungen der Berliner Gesellschaft für Anthropologie, Ethnologie und Urgeschichte. Redigirt von Rud. Virchow. Berlin. 8^{o}.

(_a_) No. 20, March, 1886. (_b_) Sitzung 16, November, 1889, p. 655. (_c_) ibid., p. 651. (_d_) March 20, 1886, p. 208.

~BERTHELOT~ (S.).

Notice sur les Caractères Hiéroglyphiques Gravés sur les Roches Volcaniques aux îles Canaries. In Bulletin de la Société de Géographie, rédigé avec le Concours de la Section de Publication par les Secrétaires de la Commission Centrale. Sixième Série, Tome Neuvième, année 1875. Paris; 1875.

(_a_) p. 117 et seq. (_b_) p. 189.

~BERTHOUD~ (_Capt._ E. L.).

(_a_) In Kansas City Review of Science and Industry, VII, 1883, No. 8, pp. 489, 490.

~BLOXAM~ (G. W.).

Aroko, or Symbolic Letters. In Journal Anthrop. Inst. Great Britain and Ireland. 1887.

(_a_) pp. 291 et seq. (_b_) p. 295. (_c_) p. 298.

~BOAS~ (_Dr._ FRANZ).

Report on the Northwestern Tribes of the Dominion of Canada. In Report of the Fifty-ninth Annual Meeting of the British Association for the Advancement of Science. London; 1889.

(_c_) p. 12. (_e_) pp. 852, 853. (_f_) p. 841.

Felsenzeichnung von Vancouver Island. In Verhandlungen der Berliner Gesellschaft für Anthropologie, ausserordentliche Sitzung am 14. Februar 1891.

(_a_) p. 160. Fig. p. 161.

The Houses of the Kwakiutl Indians, British Columbia. In Proceedings of the U. S. National Museum for 1888. Washington. 8^{o}.

(_b_) pp. 197 et seq. (_d_) p. 212, Pl. XL. (_g_) p. 208.

~BOBAN~ (EUGÈNE).

Documents pour servir à l’Histoire du Mexique. Catalogue raisonné de la Collection de M. E.-Eugène Goupil (Ancienne coll. J.-M.-A. Aubin). Manuscrits figuratifs et autres sur papier indigène d’agave Mexicana et sur papier européen antérieurs et postérieurs à la Conquête du Mexique. (XVI^e siècle). Avec une introduction de M. E.-Eugène Goupil et une lettre-préface de M. Auguste Génin. Paris; 1891. 2 vols. 4^{o}, and atlas folio.

(_a_) II, p. 273. (_b_) II, pp. 331, 342.

~BOCK~ (CARL).

The Head-Hunters of Borneo: A narrative of travel up the Mahakkam and down the Barrito; also journeyings in Sumatra. By Carl Bock. London; 1881. 8^{o}.

(_a_) p. 67. (_b_) p. 41.

~BOLLER~ (HENRY A.).

Among the Indians. Eight years in the Far West: 1858-1866. Embracing sketches of Montana and Salt Lake. By Henry A. Boller. Philadelphia; 1868. 12^{o}.

(_a_) p. 284.

~BOSCAWEN~ (W. ST. CHAD).

The Prehistoric Civilization of Babylonia. In Journal of the Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland, Vol. VIII, No. 1; August, 1878.

(_a_) p. 23.

~BOSSU~ (_Capt._).

Travels through that part of North America formerly called Louisiana. By Mr. Bossu, captain in the French marines. Translated from the French by John Rheinhold Forster. Illustrated with Notes, relative chiefly to Natural History. London; 1771. 2 vols. 8^{o}.

(_a_) I, p. 164.

~BOTURINI~ (BENADUCI).

Idea de una Nueva Historia General de la América Septentrional, fundada sobre material copioso de Figuras, Symbolos, Caracteres y Geroglíficos, Cantares y Manuscritos de Antores Indios, ultimamente descubiertos. Dedicada al Rey N^{tro} Señor en su real y supremo consejo de las Indias el Cavallero Lorenzo Boturini Benaduci, Señor de la Torre, y de Pono. Madrid; 1746. 4^{o}.

(_a_) pp. 54-56.

~BOURKE~ (_Capt._ JOHN G.).

The Snake-Dance of the Moquis of Arizona; being a Narrative of a Journey from Santa Fé, New Mexico, to the Villages of the Moqui Indians of Arizona, etc. By John G. Bourke, Captain, Third U. S. Cavalry. New York; 1884. 8^{o}.

(_f_) p. 120.

The Medicine Men of the Apaches. By John G. Bourke, Captain, Third Cavalry, U. S. Army. In the Ninth Annual Report of the Bureau of Ethnology.

(_a_) p. 550 et seq. (_b_) p. 562. (_c_) ib. (_d_) p. 580. (_e_) p. 588. (_f_) ib.

~BOVALLIUS~ (CARL).

Nicaraguan Antiquities. By Carl Bovallius; pub. by Swed. Soc. Anthrop. and Geog. Stockholm; 1886. 8^{o}.

(_a_) Pl. 39.

~BOYLE~ (DAVID).

4th Ann. Rep. Canadian Institute, 1890.

(_a_) p. 23. (_b_) ib.

~BRANSFORD~ (_Dr._ J. F.).

Archæological Researches in Nicaragua. By J. F. Bransford, M. D., Passed Assistant Surgeon, U. S. Navy. [Constitutes No. 383, Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge.] Washington; 1881.

(_a_) p. 64, fig. 123. (_b_) p. 65.

~BRASSEUR DE BOURBOURG~ (_Abbé_ CHARLES ÉTIENNE).

See _Landa_.

~BRAZILEIRO, REVISTA TRIMENSAL.~

See _Revista Trimensal do Instituto Hist. e Geog. Brazileiro_.

~BRINTON~ (_Prof._ DANIEL G.).

On the “Stone of the Giants.” In Report of the Proceedings of the Numismatic and Antiquarian Society of Philadelphia for the years 1887-1889. Philadelphia; 1891.

(_a_) p. 78 et seq. (_c_) ib.

On the Ikonomatic Method of Phonetic Writing, with special reference to American Archæology. Read before the Am. Philosoph. Soc. Oct. 1, 1886.

(_b_) p. 3.

The Names of the Gods in the Kiche Myths, Central America. By Daniel G. Brinton, M. D. Separate and in Proc. Am. Philos. Soc. 8^o.

(_d_) XIX, p. 613.

(_e_) The Maya Chronicles. Edited by Daniel G. Brinton, M. D. Philadelphia; 1882. 8^{o}. Number 1 of Brinton’s Library of Aboriginal American Literature.

(_f_) The Lenape and their Legends, with the complete text and symbols of the Walam Olum. By Daniel G. Brinton, M. D. Philadelphia; 1885. 8^{o}.

(_g_) The Myths of the New World. A treatise on the symbolism and mythology of the red race of America. By D. G. Brinton. New York; 1876. 8^{o}.

~BROWN~ (CHAS. B.).

The Indian Picture Writing in British Guiana. By Charles B. Brown. In Journal of the Anthropological Inst. of Gt. Britain and Ireland.

(_a_) II, 1873, pp. 254-257.

~BROWN~ (EDWARD).

The Pictured Cave of La Crosse Valley, near West Salem, Wisconsin. In Report and Collections of the State Historical Society of Wisconsin for the years 1877, 1878, and 1879, Vol. VIII, Madison; 1879.

(_a_) pp. 174-181, Figs. 2, 5, 9, 14.

~BRUXELLES, SOCIÉTÉ D’ANTHROPOLOGIE DE.~

See _Société d’Anthropologie de Bruxelles_.

~BUCKLAND~ (_Miss_ A. W.).

On Tattooing. In Journal Anthrop. Inst. Gt. Britain and Ireland, XVII, No. 4. May, 1888.

(_a_) p. 318 et seq.

~BUREAU OF ETHNOLOGY.~

Annual Reports of the Bureau of Ethnology to the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution. Washington. Roy. 8^o. I[-X].

First Annual Report [for 1879-’80]. 1881. Sign Language among North American Indians compared with that among other peoples and deaf mutes. By Garrick Mallery. pp. 263-552.

(_a_) p. 498.

Same Report. A Further Contribution to the Study of the Mortuary Customs of the North American Indians. By Dr. H. C. Yarrow, Act. Asst. Surg. U. S.

A. pp. 87-203.

(_a_) p. 195.

Fourth Annual Report [for 1882-’83]. 1886. Pictographs of North American Indians. A Preliminary Paper. By Garrick Mallery. pp. 3-256.

References to other authors in this series appear under their respective names.

~CADILLAC~ (_Capt._ DE LAMOTHE).

(_a_) Collier qui doit être porté à Montréal. In Margry, Part V, pp. 290-291.

(_b_) In Margry, Part V, p. 90.

~CANADA, ROYAL SOCIETY OF.~

Proceedings and Transactions of the Royal Society of Canada. I[-IX]. Montreal and Toronto. Large 4^o.

~CANADA~, Report of the Deputy Superintendent-General of Indian Affairs of. Ottawa; 1879. 8^o.

(_a_) p. 113.

~CANADIAN INSTITUTE.~

Proceedings of the Canadian Institute of Toronto, being a continuation of the Canadian Journal of Science, Literature, and History. 20 vols. in 3 series, commencing 1852. Toronto. First series 4^o, last series 8^o.

~CARNE~ (PERRIER DU).

(_a_) In L’Anthropologie, II, 1891, No. 2, p. 269.

~CARPENTER~ (EDWARD).

From Adam’s Peak to Elephanta. Sketches in Ceylon and India. By Edward Carpenter. London; 1892. 8^o.

(_a_) p. 129.

~CARTAILHAC~ (ÉMILE).

La France préhistorique d’après les sépultures et les monuments. Par Émile Cartailhac. Paris; 1889. 8^o.

(_a_) p. 234.

~CARVER~ (_Capt._ JONATHAN).

Travels through the Interior Parts of North America, in the years 1766, 1767, and 1768. By J. Carver, esq., captain of a company of Provincial troops during the late war with France. Illustrated with copper plates. London; 1778. 8^o.

(_a_) p. 418. (_b_) ib. (_c_) p. 357.

~CATLIN~ (GEORGE).

Letters and Notes on the Manners, Customs, and Condition of the North American Indians. Fourth edition. London; 1844. 2 vols. 8^o.

(_a_) II, p. 98.

~CHAMPLAIN~ (_Le Sieur_ SAMUEL DE).

Les voyages de la Novvelle France occidentale, dicte Canada, faits par le S^r de Champlain Xainctongeois, Capitaine pour le Roy en la Marine du Ponant, & toutes les Descouuertes qu’il a faites en ce païs depuis l’an 1603 iusques en l’an 1629. Où se voit comme ce pays a esté premierement descouuert par les François, sous l’authorité de nos Roys tres-Chrestiens, iusques au regne de sa Majesté à present regnante Lovis XIII. Roy de France & de Nauarre. Auec vn traitté des qualitez & conditions requises à vn bon & parfaict Nauigateur pour cognoistre la diuersité des Estimes qui se font en la Nauigation; Les Marques & enseignments que la prouidence de Dieu a mises dans les Mers pour redresser les Mariniers en leur routte, sans lesquelles ils tomberoient en de grands dangers, Et la maniere de bien dresser Cartes marines auec leurs Ports, Rades, Isles, Sondes & autre chose necessaire à la Nauigation. Ensemble vne Carte generalle de la description dudit pays faicte en son Meridien selon la declinaison de la guide Aymant, & vn Catechisme ou Instruction traduicte du François au langage des peuples Sauuages de quelque contree, auec ce qui s’est passé en ladite Nouuelle France en l’année 1631. Paris; 1632. Sm. 4^o.

Œuvres de Champlain publiées sous le patronage de l’Université Laval par l’abbé C. H. Laverdière, M. A., professor d’histoire à la faculté des arts et bibliothécaire de l’université; Seconde édition. Québec; 1870. [6 vols. Sm. 4^o (the fifth in two parts), paged consecutively at bottom. 2 p. ll., pp. i-lxxvi, 1-1478, 1 l. The pagination of the original edition appears at the top. Vol. V is a reprint in facsimile as to arrangement, of the 1632 edition of Les Voyages].

(_a_) V, 1st pt., p. 159. (_b_) ib. 157. (_c_) III, p. 57. (_d_) V, 2d pt., p. 40. (_e_) III, p. 194. (_f_) II, p. 19.

~CHAMPOLLION~ (JEAN FRANCOIS, _le jeune_).

Grammaire Egyptienne, ou principes généraux de l’écriture sacrée égyptienne appliquées à la représentation de la langue parlée. Publiée sur le manuscrit autographe. Paris; 1836-’41. Sm. folio.

(_a_) p. 113. (_d_) p. 519. (_g_) p. 91. (_h_) p. 57.

Dictionnaire Egyptien, en écriture hiéroglyphique; publié d’après les manuscrits autographes, par M. Champollion-Figeac. Paris; 1842-’44. Folio.

(_b_) p. 429. (_c_) p. 31. (_e_) p. 1. (_f_) p. 3.

~CHARENCEY~ (_Count_ HYACINTHE DE).

(_a_) Des Couleurs considérées comme Symboles des points de l’Horizon chez les Peuples. From Actes de la Société Philologique. Tome VI, No. 3, Oct., 1876; Paris; 1877.

Essai sur la symbolique des points de l’horizon dans l’extrême orient. Hyacinthe de Charencey. Caen; 1876. 8^o.

~CHARLEVOIX~ (_Père_ F. X. DE).

History and General Description of New France. By the Rev. Père François Xavier de Charlevoix. Translated with Notes by John Gilmary Shea. New York; 1866-1872. 2 vols. Imperial 8^o.

(_a_) I, p. 266.

~CHAVERO~ (ALFREDO).

La piedra del Sol. Estudio arqueológico por Alfredo Chavero. In Anales del Museo Nacional de México.

(_a_) III, p. 124.

~CLEMENT~ (CLARA ERSKINE).

A Handbook of Legendary and Mythological Art. By Clara Erskine Clement. Boston; 1883. Small 8^o.

(_a_) p. 7.

~COALE~ (CHARLES B.).

Life and Adventures of William Waters. By Charles B. Coale. Richmond; 1878. 12^o.

(_a_) p. 136.

~COMMISSION SCIENTIFIQUE AU MEXIQUE.~

See _Mexique, Mission Scientifique au_.

~CONDER~ (_Maj._ CLAUDE R.)

Hittite Ethnology. In Journal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland, XVII, pt. 2, Nov., 1887.

(_d_) p. 141.

Palestine Exploration Fund. Quarterly Statement for July, 1881. London; 1881.

(_a_) pp. 214-218. (_c_) p. 16.

On the Canaanites. In Journal of the Transactions of the Victoria Institute, Vol. XXIV, No. 93. London; 1889, pp. 56-62.

(_b_) p. 57.

~CONGRÈS INTERNATIONAL DES AMÉRICANISTES.~

Compte-rendu de la cinquiéme session, Copenhague, 1883. Copenhague, 1884. 8^o.

~CONTRIBUTIONS TO NORTH AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY.~

Vol. I[-VI]. Washington. Government Printing Office; 1877[-1890]. 4^o. (Department of the Interior. U. S. Geographical and Geological Survey of the Rocky Mountain Region. J. W. Powell in charge.)

~COOPER~ (W. R.).

The Serpent Myths of Ancient Egypt. By W. R. Cooper, F. R. S. L. London; 1873. 8^o.

(_a_) p. 24. (_b_) p. 43.

~COPE~ (_Prof._ E. D.).

Report on the Remains of Population observed in Northwestern New Mexico. By Prof. E. D. Cope. In Report upon United States Geographical Surveys west of the one hundredth meridian, in charge of First Lieut. Geo. M. Wheeler. 7 vols. Washington, 4^o.

(_a_) VII, 1879, p. 358.

~COPWAY~ (G.).

The Traditional History and characteristic sketches of the Ojibway Nation. By G. Copway, or Kah-gi-ga-gah-bowh, chief of the Ojibway Nation. London; 1850. Sm. 8^o.

(_a_) p. 134. (_b_) p. 136. (_c_) pp. 135, 136. (_d_) p. 135. (_e_) p. 134. (_f_) p. 135. (_g_) p. 134. (_h_) ibid.

~CRANE~ (_Miss_ AGNES).

Ancient Mexican Heraldry. By Agnes Crane. In Science, Vol. XX, No. 503.

(_a_) p. 175.

~CRAWFURD~ (JOHN).

History of the Indian Archipelago. By John Crawford * * *. Edinburgh; 1820. 3 vols. 8^o.

(_a_) I, p. 290.

~CRONAU~ (RUDOLF).

Geschichte der Solinger Klingenindustrie. Von Rudolf Cronau. Stuttgart; 1885. Folio.

(_b_) p. 17. (_c_) pp. 18, 19.

Im Wilden Westen. Eine Künstlerfahrt durch die Prairien und Felsengebirge der Union. Von Rudolf Cronau. * * * Braunschweig; 1889. 8^o.

(_a_) p. 85.

~CUMMING~ (R. GORDON).

Sporting Adventures in South Africa. By Gordon Cumming. London; 1856. 2 vols. 8^o.

(_a_) I, p. 207.

~CURR~ (EDWARD M.).

The Australian Race. By Edward M. Curr. London; 1886. 3 vols. 8^o, and folio atlas.

(_a_) I, p. 149 et seq. (_b_) ibid., p. 94. (_c_) III, p. 544. (_d_) I, plate facing p. 145.

~CUSHING~ (FRANK HAMILTON).

Preliminary Notes on the origin, working hypothesis and primary researches of the Hemenway Southwestern Archæological Expedition. In Congrès International des Américanistes. Compte-rendu de la septième session. Berlin; 1890.

(_a_) p. 151.

~D’ALBERTIS~ (L. M.).

New Guinea; What I did and what I saw. By L. M. D’Albertis. Boston; 1881. 2 vols. 8^o.

(_a_) II, p. 66. (_b_) ibid., p. 301. (_c_) I, pp. 213, 215, 519. (_d_) I, 262 and 264.

~DALL~ (WILLIAM H.).

On Masks, Labrets and certain aboriginal customs, with an inquiry into the bearing of their geographical distribution. In Third Annual Report of the Bureau of Ethnology, Washington, 1885; pp. 67-202.

(_d_) p. 75. (_e_) p. 111.

Contributions to North American Ethnology, I.

(_a_) p. 79. (_f_) p. 86.

Alaska and its Resources. London; 1870. 8^o.

(_a_) p. 142. (_b_) p. 412. (_c_) p. 95.

~D’ALVIELLA~ (_Count_ GOBLET).

The Migration of symbols. By the Count Goblet D’Alviella. In Popular Science Monthly; 1890. (Sept. and Oct.) (Trans. from Révue des Deux Mondes; Paris; May 1, 1890, p. 121.)

(_a_) pp. 674, 779. (_b_) p. 676. (_c_) p. 677.

~DAVIDSON~ (ALEXANDER) AND ~STRUVÉ~ (BERNARD).

History of Illinois from 1673 to 1884, by Alexander Davidson and Bernard Struvé. Springfield, Ill.; 1884. 8^o.

(_a_) p. 62.

~DAVIS~ (W. W. H.).

The Spanish Conquest of New Mexico. By W. W. H. Davis. Doylestown, Pa.; 1869. 8^o.

(_a_) p. 405. (_b_) p. 292.

~DAWSON~ (_Dr._ GEORGE M.).

Notes on the Shuswap people of British Columbia. By George M. Dawson, LL. D., F. R. S., Assistant Director Geological Society of Canada. In Transactions of Royal Soc. of Canada, Section II, 1891.

(_a_) p. 14.

~DE CLERCQ~ (F. S. A.).

Ethnographische Beschrijving van de West- en Noordkust van Nederlandsch Nieuw-Guinea door F. S. A. De Clercq, met medewerking van J. D. E. Schmeltz. Leiden; 1893. 4^o.

(_a_) p. 31.

~DELLENBAUGH~ (F. S.).

The Shinumos. A Prehistoric People of the Rocky Mountain Region. By F. S. Dellenbaugh. In Bull. Buffalo Soc. Nat. Sciences; Buffalo, N. Y.; Vol. III, 1875-1877.

(_a_) p. 172.

~DE SMET~ (_Rev._ PETER).

See _Smet_ (_Père_ Peter _de_).

~DE SCHWEINITZ~ (_Bishop_ EDMUND).

The life and times of David Zeisberger, the western pioneer and apostle of the Indians. By Edmund De Schweinitz. Philadelphia; 1870. 8^o.

(_a_) p. 160.

~DETROIT~ (SIEGE OF, DIARY OF THE).

Diary of the Siege of Detroit in the War with Pontiac. Albany; 1860. 4^o.

(_a_) p. 29.

~DIDRON~ (M.).

Iconographie Chrétienne. Histoire de Dieu. Par M. Didron, de la Bibliothèque Royale, Secrétaire du Comité Historique des Arts et Monuments. Paris; 1843. 4^o.

(_a_) p. 338. (_b_) p. 330. (_c_) p. 343. (_d_) p. 145.

~DODGE~ (_Col._ R. I.).

Our Wild Indians; Thirty-three years’ personal experience among the Red Men of the Great West. * * * By Colonel Richard Irving Dodge, U. S. Army. Hartford; 1882. 8^o.

(_a_) p. 163.

~DORMAN~ (RUSHTON M.).

The Origin of Primitive Superstitions and their development into the worship of spirits and the doctrine of spiritual agency among the aborigines of America. By Rushton M. Dorman. Philadelphia; 1881. 8^o.

~DORSEY~ (_Rev._ J. OWEN).

Teton Folk-lore. In American Anthropologist, Vol. II, No. 2. Washington; 1889.

(_a_) p. 144. (_b_) p. 147.

~DU CHAILLU~ (PAUL B.).

The Viking Age. The early history, manners, and customs of the ancestors of the English-speaking nations. By Paul B. Du Chaillu. * * * New York; 1889. 2 vols. 8^o.

(_a_) II, p. 116 et seq. (_b_) ibid., p. 133. (_c_) ibid., p. 10.

~DUNBAR~ (JOHN B.).

The Pawnee Indians. Their History and Ethnology. In Magazine of American History. New York and Chicago; 1881.

(_a_) IV, No. 4, p. 259. (_b_) VIII, p. 744.

~DUPAIX~ (M.).

In Kingsborough’s Mexican Antiquities. See _Kingsborough_.

(_a_) V, p. 241. Pl. in IV, Pt. 2, No. 44.

~DURAN~ (_Fr._ DIEGO).

Historia de las Indias de Nueva-España y Islas de Tierra Firma. Por El Padre Fray Diego Duran. México; 1867. 4^o.

~EASTMAN~ (MARY).

Dahcotah; or, Life and Legends of the Sioux around Fort Snelling. By Mrs. Mary Eastman; with Preface by Mrs. C. M. Kirkland. New York; 1849. 8^o.

(_a_) p. 72. (_b_) p. 207. (_c_) p. 262. (_d_) p. xxvi. (_e_) p. xxviii.

~EDKINS~ (_Rev. Dr._ J.).

Introduction to the Study of the Chinese Characters. By J. Edkins, D.D. London; 1876. 8^o.

(_a_) p. 26. (_b_) p. 42. (_c_) p. 41. (_d_) Append. A, p. 3. (_e_) p. 20. (_f_) p. 35. (_g_) p. 14. (_h_) p. viii.

~EDWARDS~ (_Mrs._ A. B.).

A Thousand Miles up the Nile. By Mrs. A. B. Edwards. London; 1889. 8^o.

(_a_) p. 205.

~EELLS~ (_Rev._ M.).

Twana Indians of the Skokomish Reservation in Washington Terr. In Bull. U. S. Geolog. Survey, Vol. III, pp. 57-114. Washington; 1877. 8^o.

~EISEN~ (GUSTAV).

Some Ancient Sculptures from the Pacific Slope of Guatemala. In Mem. of the California Academy of Sciences, Vol. II, No. 2. San Francisco; July, 1888.

(_a_) p. 17.

~EMORY~ (_Lt. Col._ WILLIAM HELMSLEY).

Notes of a Military Reconnoissance from Fort Leavenworth, in Missouri, to San Diego, in California, etc. By Lieut. Col. W. H. Emory, made in 1846-’47. [Thirtieth Congress, first session; Ex. Doc. No. 41.] Washington; 1848. 8^o.

(_a_) p. 89. (_b_) p. 63.

~ETHERIDGE~ (R., _jr._).

The Aboriginal Rock-Carvings at the Head of Bantry Bay. In Records of the Geological Survey of New South Wales, Vol. II, Pt. 1; 1890.

(_a_) p. 26 et seq.

~ETHNOLOGY, CONTRIBUTIONS TO NORTH AMERICAN.~

See _Contributions to North American Ethnology_.

~ETHNOLOGY (BUREAU OF).~

See _Bureau of Ethnology_.

~EWBANK~ (THOMAS).

North American Rock-writing and other aboriginal modes of recording and transmitting thought. By Thomas Ewbank, Vice-President of the Ethnological Society. Morrisania, N. Y.; 1866. Pamph., pp. 49.

~EXPLORING EXPEDITION~ (United States).

See _Wilkes_ (_Commodore_ Charles).

~FABER~ (ERNEST).

Prehistoric China. By Ernest Faber. In Journal of the China Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society, n. s., XXIV.

~FEWKES~ (_Dr._ J. WALTER).

Journ. of American Folk Lore; Oct.-Dec., 1890.

(_a_) p. 10.

Am. Anthrop., V, No. 1, 1892.

(_b_) p. 9.

Journ. Am. Ethnol. and Archæol., II.

(_c_) p. 159.

~FLETCHER~ (_Dr._ ROBERT).

Tattooing among civilized people. In Transactions of the Anthropological Society of Washington, II, p. 411.

~FORLONG~ (_Gen._ J. G. R.).

River of Life, or Sources and Streams of the Faiths of Man in all Lands. * * * By Maj.-Gen. J. G. R. Forlong. London; 1883. 2 vols. 4^o.

(_a_) I, p. 509. (_b_) II, p. 434.

~FRAZER~ (_Prof._ PERSIFOR, _jr._).

The Geology of Lancaster County. In Second Geological Survey of Pennsylvania: Report of Progress in 1877. CCC, Harrisburg; 1880.

(_a_) pp. 92, 94, 95. (_b_) p. 62.

~GATSCHET~ (ALBERT S.).

A Migration Legend of the Creek Indians, with a linguistic, historic, and ethnographic introduction. By Albert S. Gatschet. * * * Philadelphia; 1884. 2 vols. 8^o. [Printed in Brinton’s Library of Aboriginal American Literature. No. IV.]

~GIBBS~ (_Dr._ GEORGE).

Tribes of Western Washington and Northern Oregon. In Contributions to North American Ethnology, Vol. I, pp. 159-240. Washington; 1877. 4^{o}.

(_a_) p. 222. (_b_) ib.

~GILDER~ (WILLIAM H.).

Schwatka’s Search. Sledging in the Arctic in quest of the Franklin records. By William H. Gilder. New York; 1881. 8^{o}.

(_a_) p. 250.

~GONGORA Y MARTINEZ~ (MANUEL DE).

Antiguedades Prehistóricas de Andalucía, monumentos, inscripciones, armas, utensilios y otros importantes objetos pertenecientes á los tiempos mas remotos de su poblacion. Por Don Manuel de Gongora y Martinez. * * * Madrid; 1868. 8^{o}.

(_a_) p. 64.

~GREEN~ (HENRY).

Shakespeare and the Emblem Writers; an exposition of their similarities of thought and expression. Preceded by a view of emblem-literature down to A. D. 1616. By Henry Green, M. A. London; 1870. 8^{o}.

(_a_) pp. 4-12. (_b_) p. 13.

~GREGG~ (JOSIAH).

Commerce of the Prairies, or the Journal of a Santa Fé Trader, during eight expeditions across the Great Western Prairies and a residence of nearly nine years in Northern Mexico. By Josiah Gregg. Second ed. New York; 1845. 2 vols. 12^{o}.

(_a_) II, p. 286.

~GUNNISON~ (_Lieut._ J. W.).

The Mormons, or Latter-Day Saints in the Valley of the Great Salt Lake; a History of the Mormons. By Lieut. J. W. Gunnison of the Topographical Engineers. Philadelphia; 1852. 12^{o}.

(_a_) pp. 62-63.

~GÜNTHER~ (C.).

Die anthropologische Untersuchung der Bella-Coola. In Verhandlungen der Berliner Gesellschaft für Anthropologie, Ethnologie und Urgeschichte. Sitzung vom 20. März 1886. Berlin; 1886.

(_a_) pp. 208, 209.

~HAAST~ (_Dr._ JULIUS VON).

Some Ancient Rock Paintings in New Zealand. Journal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland. Vol. VIII. 1878.

(_a_) p. 50 et seq.

~HABEL~ (_Dr._ S.).

The Sculptures of Santa Lucia Cosumal-Whuapa in Guatemala. By S. Habel. Washington; 1879. Constitutes No. 269 of Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge, 1878, Vol. XXII.

(_a_) pp. 64-66. (_b_) p. 85. (_c_) p. 66. Sculp. No. 1, Pl. I. (_d_) Sculp. No. 4. Pl. II, p. 68. (_e_) pp. 67-68. (_f_) p. 77.

~HABERLANDT~ (M.).

Ueber Schrifttafeln von der Osterinsel. In Mittheilungen der anthropologischen Gesellschaft in Wien. XVI. Band (der neuen Folge VI. Band), III. und IV. Heft. 1886.

~HADDON~ (ALFRED C.).

The Ethnography of the Western Tribe of Torres Straits. In Journal of the Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland. Vol. XIX, No. 3. 1890.

(_a_) p. 366. (_b_) p. 365. (_c_) ib.

~HAKLUYT~ (RICHARD).

Collection of the Early Voyages, Travels, and Discoveries of the English Nation. A new edition, with additions. London; 1809[-1812]. 5 vols. and supplement. 4^{o}.

(_a_) III, 1810, p. 372. (_b_) ib., p. 276. (_c_) ib., p. 415. (_d_) ib., p. 369. (_e_) ib., p. 40. (_f_) ib., p. 508. (_g_) ib., p. 615.

~HARIOT~ (THOMAS).

A brief and true report of the new found land of Virginia, of the commodities and of the nature and manners of the naturall inhabitants. * * * By Thomas Hariot. Frankfurti ad Mœnvm. De Bry, anno 1590. Reprinted in facs. by J. Sabin & Sons. New York; 1872. 4^{o}.

(_a_) Pl. XXIII.

~HARTMAN~ (_Prof._ R.).

(_a_) p. 6 of the session of May 26, 1877, of the Berliner Gesellschaft für Anthropologie.

~HAYWOOD~ (JOHN).

The Natural and Aboriginal History of Tennessee up to the first Settlements therein by the White People in the year 1768. By John Haywood. Nashville; 1823. 8^{o}.

(_a_) p. 113. (_b_) p. 160. (_c_) p. 169. (_d_) pp. 322-323. (_e_) p. 228.

~HEATH~ (_Dr._ E. R.).

The Exploration of the River Benī. In Journal of the American Geographical Society of New York, Vol. XIV. pp. 157-164. New York; 1882.

(_a_) p. 157. (_b_) p. 161.

~HERNDON~ (_Lieut._ WM. LEWIS) AND GIBBON (_Lieut._ LARDNER).

Exploration of the Valley of the Amazon, made under direction of the Navy Department. By Wm. Lewis Herndon and Lardner Gibbon, Lieutenants United States Navy. Washington; 1853. 2 vols. 8^{o}. [Ex. Doc. 36, Senate, 32d Cong., 2d Sess.]

(_a_) I, p. 319. (_b_) ibid., p. 201.

~HERRERA~ (ANTONIO DE).

The General History of the Vast Continent and Islands of America Commonly call’d the West-Indies, from the First Discovery thereof; with the best Account the People could give of their Antiquities. Collected from the Original Relations sent to the Kings of Spain. By Antonio de Herrera, Historiographer to his Catholic Majesty. Translated into English by Capt. John Stevens. * * * Second edition, London; 1740. 6 vols. 8^{o}.

(_a_) Decade II, B. 10, Chap. 4.

~HIND~ (HENRY YOULE).

Explorations in the Interior of the Labrador Peninsula, etc. By Henry Youle Hind. London; 1863; 2 vols. 8^{o}.

(_a_) II, p. 105. (_b_) I, p. 270.

~HOCHSTETTER~ (_Dr._ FERDINAND VON).

New Zealand, its physical geography, geology and natural history. By Dr. Ferdinand von Hochstetter, Professor at the Polytechnic Inst. of Vienna, etc. Stuttgart; 1867. 8^{o}.

(_a_) p. 437. (_b_) p. 423.

~HOFFMAN~ (_Dr._ W. J.)

(_a_) The Midewiwin or “Grand Medicine Society” of the Ojibwa. In Seventh Annual Report of the Bureau of Ethnology; Washington; 1891; pp. 143-300.

(_b_) Pictography and Shamanistic Rites of the Ojibwa. In The American Anthropologist; Washington; July, 1888; pp. 209-229.

~HOLM~ (G.).

Ethnologisk Skizze af Angmagsalikerne (Særtryk af Meddelelser om Grønland. X.) Kjøbenhavn; 1887. 8^{o}.

(_a_) p. 101. (_b_) p. 108.

~HOLMES~ (WILLIAM HENRY).

Report on the Ancient Ruins of Southwestern Colorado, examined during the summers of 1875 and 1876. Washington; 1879. [Extract from 10th Ann. Rep. of U. S. Geological Survey, 1879.]

(_a_) pp. 401-405, Pls. XLII and XLIII.

Ancient Art of the Province of Chiriqui, United States of Colombia, by William H. Holmes. Washington; 1888. 8^{o}. In the Sixth Annual Report of the Bureau of Ethnology.

(_b_) p. 21. (_e_) p. 181.

Art in Shell of the Ancient Americans. In Second Ann. Report of the Bureau of Ethnology.

(_c_) p. 253 et seq. (_d_) Pl. LII.

~HOLUB~ (_Dr._ EMIL).

On the Central South African Tribes from the South Coast to the Zambesi. In Journal of the Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland, Vol. X, No. 1. August, 1880.

(_a_) p. 6. (_b_) p. 7.

~HOUZÉ~ (_Dr._ E.) AND ~JACQUES~ (_Dr._ VICTOR).

Étude d’anthropologie. Les Australiens du Musée du Nord. By Dr. E. Houzé and Dr. Victor Jacques. Bruxelles; 1885. 8^{o}.

(_a_) p. 92.

~HOWITT~ (ALFRED W.).

On Some Australian Ceremonies of Initiation. By A. W. Howitt, F. G. S. London; 1884. 8^{o}.

(_a_) p. 17. (_d_) p. 8. (_f_) p. 2.

Notes on Songs and Song Makers of Some Australian Tribes. By A. W. Howitt, F. G. S. London; 1887. 8^{o}.

(_b_) p. 328.

The Dieri and other kindred Tribes of Central Australia. In Journal of the Anthrop. Inst. of Great Britain and Ireland, Vol. XX, No. 1. 1890.

(_c_) p. 71. (_e_) p. 72. (_g_) ib. (_h_) ib.

~HUMBOLDT~ (ALEXANDER _von_).

Aspects of Nature. By Alexander von Humboldt. London; 1850. 2 vols. 8^{o}.

(_a_) I, pp. 196-201.

~IMPERIAL~ ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

Scientific papers of the Imperial Academy of Sciences, Vol. III, pt. 5. St. Petersburg; 1855.

~IM THURN~ (EVERARD F.).

Among the Indians of Guiana; being Sketches chiefly Anthropologic from the Interior of British Guiana. London; 1883. 8^{o}.

(_a_) p. 391 et seq. (_b_) p. 410. (_c_) p. 316. (_d_) p. 39. (_e_) p. 319. (_f_) p. 195. (_g_) p. 219. (_h_) p. 196. (_i_) pp. 392, 393, Figs. 25 and 26. (_k_) p. 405.

~INDIAN AFFAIRS.~

Canada, Report of the Deputy Superintendent-General of. (See _Canada_.)

~IRVING~ (WASHINGTON).

Astoria; or Anecdotes of an enterprise beyond the Rocky Mountains. By Washington Irving. Philadelphia; 1836. 2 vols. 8^{o}.

(_a_) I, p. 226. (_b_) ib., p. 227. (_c_) ib., p. 169.

~JACQUES~ (V.) AND ~STORMS~ (É.)

Notes sur l’Ethnologie de la Partie Orientale de l’Afrique Équatoriale. By V. Jacques and É. Storms. In. Bull. Soc. d’Anthrop. de Bruxelles. Tome V. Bruxelles; 1887.

~JAGOR~ (F.).

Die Badagas im Nilgiri-Gebirge. In Verhandlungen der Berliner Gesellschaft für Anthropologie, etc. Jahrgang 1876. p. 195.

Über die Hieroglyphen der Osterinsel und über Felseinritzungen in Chile. In Verhandl. der Berliner Gesellsch. für Anthrop., etc. Jahrgang 1876, pp. 16, 17, Figs. 2, 3.

(_a_) Verhandl. der Berliner Gesellsch. für Anthrop., etc., Jahrgang 1882, p. 170.

~JAMES~ (_Dr._ EDWIN).

See _Tanner_ (John).

~JAMES’ LONG’S EXPEDITION.~

See _Long_ (_Major_ Stephen Harriman).

~JAPAN.~

Transactions of the Asiatic Society of Yokohama. * * * Tōkyō. 8^{o}.

~JEMISON~ (MARY).

See _Seaver_ (James E.).

~JESUIT RELATIONS.~

Relations des Jésuites; contenant ce qui s’est passé de plus remarquable dans les Missions des pères de la Compagnie de Jésus, dans la Nouvelle France. Québec; 1858; 3 vols. 8^{o}.

(_a_) II, 1646, p. 48.

~JOHNSTON~ (H. H.).

The River Congo, from its mouth to Bolobo; with a general description of the natural history and anthropology of its western basin. By H. H. Johnston, F. F. S., F. R. G. S. * * * Second ed. London; 1884. 8^{o}.

(_a_) p. 420.

~JONES~ (A. D.).

Illinois and the West. By A. D. Jones. Boston; 1838. 8^{o}.

(_a_) p. 59.

~JONES~ (CHARLES C., _jr._).

Antiquities of the Southern Indians, particularly of the Georgia Tribes. By Charles C. Jones, jr. New York, 1873. 8^{o}.

(_a_) pp. 377-379. (_b_) ib.

~JONES~ (_Rev._ PETER).

History of the Ojebway Indians. By Rev. Peter Jones. London; 1861. 12^{o}.

(_a_) p. 121. (_b_) p. 94.

~JONES~ (_Capt._ WILLIAM A.).

Report upon the Reconnaissance of Northwestern Wyoming. By William A. Jones, U. S. A. Washington; 1875. 8^{o}.

(_a_) p. 268. (_b_) p. 269. (_c_) p. 207, fig. 33.

~KANE~ (PAUL).

Wanderings of an artist among the Indians of North America. * * * London; 1859.

(_a_) p. 393.

~KEATING’S LONG’S EXPEDITION.~

See _Long_ (_Major_ Stephen Harriman).

~KELLER~ (FRANZ).

The Amazon and Madeira Rivers. Sketches and descriptions from the note-book of an explorer. By Franz Keller, engineer. Philadelphia; 1875. Large 8^{o}.

(_a_) p. 65 et seq. (_b_) p. 159 et seq.

~KENDALL~ (EDWARD AUGUSTUS).

Travels through the northern parts of the United States, in the years 1807 and 1808. By Edward Augustus Kendall, Esq. New York; 1809. 3 vols. 8^o.

~KINGSBOROUGH~ (EDWARD KING, _Lord_).

Antiquities of Mexico: Containing fac-similes of Ancient Mexican Paintings and Hieroglyphics * * * together with the Monuments of New Spain, by M. Dupaix. London; 1831-’48. 9 vols. Imp. folio.

(_a_) Vol. VI, Codex Telleriano Remensis, p. 150 (vol. I, Codex T. R., pt. 4, Pl. 33). (_b_) VI, Codex T. R., p. 135 (vol. I, Codex T. R., pt. 4, Pl. 4). (_c_) VI, Codex T. R., p. 141 (I, Codex T. R., pt. 4, Pl. 19). (_d_) VI, Codex T. R., p. 148 (I, Codex T. R., pt. 4, Pl. 29). (_e_) VI, Codex T. R., p. 150 (I, Codex T. R., pt. 4, Pl. 32). (_f_) VI, Coll. Mendoza, p. 74 (I, Coll. Mendoza, Pl. 67). (_g_) VI, Codex T. R., p. 136 (I, Codex T. R., pt. 4, Pl. 7). (_h_) VI, Codex T. R., p. 141 (I, Codex T. R., pt. 4, Pl. 20). (_i_) VI, Coll. Mend., p. 86 (I, Coll. Mend., Pl. 71, Fig. 30). (_k_) VI, Codex Vaticanus, p. 222 (II, Codex Vat., Pl. 75). (_l_) VI, Codex T. R., p. 136 (I, Codex T. R., pt. 4, Pl. 7). (_m_) VI, Coll. Mend., p. 69 (I, Coll. Mend., Pl. 64, Fig. 5). (_n_) (II, Codex Vat., Pl. 100.) (_o_) VI, Codex T. R., p. 142 (I, Codex T. R., pt. 4, Pl. 22). (_p_) VI, Coll. Mend., p. 71 (I, Coll. Mend., Pl. 75).

In the above citations the double references, one in and one not in parentheses, are necessary because the text and the copies of paintings are in different volumes. The above references not in parentheses refer to the text alone. The several parts of the volumes containing the plates are mentioned because the pagination of those volumes is not continuous.

~KOHL~ (J. G.).

Kitchi-Gami. Wanderings round Lake Superior. By J. G. Kohl. London; 1860. 8^o.

(_a_) p. 18.

~LACOUPERIE~ (_Prof. Dr._ TERRIEN DE).

Beginnings of Writing in and around Thibet. In Journ. Royal Asiatic Society. New series, Vol. XVII, Pt. III. London; 1885.

(_a_) p. 442 et seq. (_b_) ib. (_c_) p. 443. (_d_) p. 424. (_e_) p. 428. (_f_) p. 459.

~LAFITAU~ (_Père_ JOSEPH FRANÇOIS).

Mœurs des Sauvages Amériquaines, Comparées aux Mœurs des Premiers Temps. By le Père Lafitau. Paris; 1724. 2 vols. 4^o.

(_a_) II, p. 261. (_b_) II, p. 43. (_c_) ib. (_d_) ib., p. 266.

~LAHONTAN~ (_Baron_).

New Voyages to North America. Containing an Account of the Several Nations of that vast continent, etc. By the Baron Lahontan, Lord Lieutenant of the French Colony at Placentia in Newfoundland. * * * London; 1703. 2 vols. 8^o.

(_a_) II, p. 82. (_b_) ib., p. 84. (_c_) ib., p. 246. (_d_) ib., p. 225.

LAMOTHE. See _Cadillac_.

~LANDA~ (DIEGO _de_).

Relation des Choses de Yucatan de Diego de Landa; Texte Espagnol et Traduction Française en regard, comprenant les Signes du Calendrier et de l’Alphabet Hiéroglyphique de la Langue Maya, accompagné de documents divers historiques et chronologiques, avec une Grammaire et un Vocabulaire Abrégés Français-Maya, précédés d’un essai sur les sources de l’histoire primitive du Mexique et de l’Amérique Centrale, etc., d’après les monuments Égyptiens et de l’Histoire primitive de l’Égypte d’après les monuments Américains. Par l’Abbé Brasseur de Bourbourg, Ancien Administrateur ecclésiastique des Indians de Rabinal (Guatemala), Membre de la Commission scientifique du Mexique, etc. Paris and Madrid; 1864. 8^o.

(_a_) p. 316. (_b_) ib.

~LANDRIN~ (ARMAND).

(_a_) Écriture figurative et Comptabilité en Bretagne; par Armand Landrin, Conservateur du Musée d’Ethn. In Revue d’Ethnographie. Tome premier, No. 5, Sept.-Oct. Paris; 1882.

~LANGEN~ (A.).

Key-Inseln und die dortigen Geistergrotten. In Verhandlungen der Berliner Gesellschaft für Anthropologie, Ethnologie und Urgeschichte. Sitzung vom 17. October 1885. 1885.

(_a_) pp. 407-409. Taf. XI.

~L’ANTHROPOLOGIE.~

L’Anthropologie. Paraissant tous les deux mois sous la direction de MM. Cartailhac, Hamy, Topinard. * * * Paris; 1890. 8^o. [The present journal is a consolidation of “Matériaux pour l’histoire de l’homme,” “Revue d’Anthropologie,” and “Revue d’Ethnographie.”]

(_a_) II, No. 6, p. 693. (_b_) I, No. 5, p. 566. (_c_) II. No. 2, 1891, p. 150. (_d_) _II_, No. 2, Mar.-Avr. 1891, p. 148.

~LA PLATA.~ See _Museo de la Plata_.

~LAUDONNIÈRE~ (_Capt._ RÉNÉ).

The Second voyage into Florida made and written by Captain Laudonnière, which fortified and inhabited there two summers and one whole winter. In Hakluyt’s Collection of the Early Voyages, Travels, and Discoveries of the English nation, q. v.

(_a_) III, pp. 384-419.

~LAWSON~ (A. C.).

Ancient Rock Inscriptions on the Lake of the Woods. In The American Naturalist, Vol. XIX, Philadelphia, 1885. pp. 654-657.

(_a_) Pl. XIX and Fig. 1.

~LAWSON~ (JOHN).

The History of Carolina, containing the exact Description and Natural History of that country, together with the Present State thereof and a Journal of a Thousand miles traveled through several Nations of Indians. Giving a particular Account of their Customs, Manners, etc. By John Lawson, Gent., Surveyor-General of North Carolina. London; 1714. 12^o.

(_a_) p. 190.

~LE CLERCQ~ (_Père_ CHRÉTIEN).

Nouvelle Relation de la Gaspesie, qui contient les Mœurs & la Religion des Sauvages Gaspesiens Porte-Croix, adorateurs du Soleil, & d’autres Peuples de l’Amérique Septentrionale, dite le Canada. Dediée à Madame la Princesse d’Epinoy. Par le Père Chrétien Le Clercq, Missionnaire Recollet de la Province de Saint Antoine de Pade en Artois, & Guardian du Convent de Lens. Paris; 1691. 16^o.

(_a_) p. 139.

~LELAND~ (CHARLES G.).

The Algonquin Legends of New England. * * * By Charles G. Leland. Boston; 1884. 8^o.

(_a_) p. 40. (_b_) p. 44.

~LEMLY~ (_Lieut._ H. R.).

Who was El Dorado? By Lieut. H. R. Lemly, U. S. Army. In Century Magazine for October, 1891.

(_a_) p. 889.

~LE PAGE DU PRATZ.~

Histoire de la Louisiane. Contenant la Découverte de ce vaste Pays. Par M. Le Page du Pratz. Paris; 1758. 3 vols. 12^o.

(_a_) II, p. 432. (_b_) III, p. 241.

~LE PLONGEON~ (_Dr._ AUGUSTUS).

Vestiges of the Mayas; or, Facts tending to prove that communications and intimate relations must have existed in very remote times between the inhabitants of Mayab and those of Asia and Africa. By Augustus Le Plongeon, M. D. New York; 1881. 8^o.

(_a_) p. 29.

~LEWIS~ (_Capt._ MERIWETHER) AND ~CLARKE~ (_Capt._).

Travels to the source of the Missouri River, etc., and across the American Continent to the Pacific Ocean, * * * in the years 1804, 1805, and 1806. By Captains Lewis and Clarke. Published from the Official Report. * * * London; 1814. 8^o.

(_a_) p. 66. (_b_) p. 375. (_c_) p. 379.

~LEWIS~ (T. H.).

Incised Bowlders in the upper Minnesota Valley. In The American Naturalist for July, 1887.

(_a_) p. 642. (_b_) p. 639 et seq. (_c_) ib.

(_d_) Sculptured Rock at Trempeleau, Wisconsin. By T. H. Lewis. In The American Naturalist for September, 1889, pp. 782, 783.

~LONG~ (JOHN).

Voyages and Travels of an Indian Interpreter and Trader, Describing the Manners and Customs of the North American Indians; with an Account of the Posts situated on the river St. Lawrence, Lake Ontario, etc. To which is added, A Vocabulary of the Chippeway Language. * * * By J. Long, London; 1791. 4^o.

(_a_) p. 47.

~LONG~ (_Maj._ STEPHEN HARRIMAN).

Account of an expedition from Pittsburgh to the Rocky Mountains in 1819 and 1829, under command of Major Stephen H. Long. Compiled by Edwin James. Phila.; 1823. 2 vols. 8^o. [Commonly known as James’ Long’s Expedition].

(_b_) I, p. 478. (_c_) ib., p. 287. (_d_) ib., p. 207. (_f_) ib., p. 125. (_h_) ib., p. 296. (_i_) ib., p. 208. (_k_) ib., p. 240.

Narrative of an expedition to the source of St. Peter’s River, etc., performed in the year 1823 under the command of Stephen H. Long, Major U. S. T. E. Compiled by William H. Keating. Phila.; 1824. 2 vols. 8^o. [Commonly called Keating’s Long’s Expedition.]

(_a_) I, p. 217. (_e_) ib., p. 334. (_g_) ib., p. 226.

~LOSSING~ (BENSON J.).

The American Revolution and the war of 1812; or, Illustrations by pen and pencil of the History, Biography, Scenery, Relics, and Traditions of our wars with Great Britain. By Benson J. Lossing. New York Book Concern; 1875. 3 vols. Large 8^o.

(_b_) III, p. 55.

The Pictorial Field-Book of the War of 1812. * * * By Benson J. Lossing. New York; 1868.

(_a_) p. 191, footnote.

~LUBBOCK~ (_Sir_ JOHN).

Prehistoric Times as illustrated by ancient remains and the manners and customs of modern savages. By Sir John Lubbock, Bart., M. P., etc. London; 1878. 8^o.

(_a_) p. 11.

~LYND~ (JAMES W.).

The Religion of the Dakotas. In Collections of the Minnesota Historical Society. St. Paul; 1860. 3 vols. 8^o.

(_a_) II, pt. 2, pp. 79, 80. (_b_) ib., pp. 59, 60. (_c_) ib., p. 68. (_d_) ib., p. 80.

~MACKENZIE~ (_Sir_ ALEXANDER).

Voyages from Montreal on the River St. Lawrence, through the Continent of North America, to the Frozen and Pacific Oceans; in the years 1789 and 1793. * * * By Sir Alexander Mackenzie. Philadelphia; 1802. 8^o.

(_a_) p. 236. (_b_) p. 33. (_c_) p. 173.

~MADISON~ (_Rt. Rev._ JAMES).

On the supposed fortifications of the western country. In Transactions of the American Philosophical Society, VI, pt. 1, 1804.

(_a_) pp. 141. 142.

~MAGNAT~ (CASIMIR).

Traité du Langage Symbolique, emblématique et religieux des Fleurs. Par Casimir Magnat. Paris; 1855. 8^o.

~MAINE HISTORICAL SOCIETY.~

Collections of the Maine Historical Society. * * * Portland [and Bath;] 1831[-1876]. 7 vols. 8^o.

(_a_) VII, p. 393.

~MALLERY~ (_Col._ GARRICK).

See _Bureau of Ethnology_.

~MARCANO~ (_Dr._ G.).

Ethnographic Précolombienne du Vénézuéla. Région des Raudals de l’Orénoque. In Mémoires de la Société d’Anthropologie de Paris; 2^e Série, Tome Quatrième, Deuxième Fascicule. Paris; 1890. pp. 99-218.

(_a_) p. 197. (_b_) p. 203. (_c_) p. 199. (_d_) p. 210. Pl. XXX, Fig. 25. (_e_) p. 200. (_f_) p. 210.

~MARCOY~ (PAUL).

Travels in South America. By Paul Marcoy. New York; 1875. 2 vols. 8^o.

(_a_) II, p. 353. (_b_) _ib._

~MARGRY~ (PIERRE).

Découvertes et établissements des Français dans l’ouest et dans le sud de l’Amérique septentrionale (1614-1754). Mémoires et documents originaux recuillis et publiés par Pierre Margry. Paris; 1875-1886. 6 vols. 8^o.

(_a_) VI, p. 518. (_b_) IV, p. 172. (_c_) III, p. 363. (_d_) I, p. 159. (_e_) II, p. 325. (_f_) V, p. 454. (_g_) I, p. 264.

~MARSHALL~ (FREDERIC).

Curiosities of Ceremonies. By Frederic Marshall. London; 1880. 8^o.

(_a_) p. 190. (_b_) p. 65.

~MARSHALL~ (_Lieut.-Col._ WILLIAM E.).

Travels amongst the Todas, or the Study of a Primitive Tribe in South India. By William E. Marshall, Lieutenant-Colonel of her Majesty’s Bengal Staff Corps. London; 1873. 8^o.

(_a_) p. 109. (_b_) p. 65.

~MARTYR~ (PETER).

The History of the West Indies, * * * By Peter Martyr. Benzoni’s trans. Basel; 1582.

(_a_) Lib. I, Chap. XXVI. (_b_) II, p. CCCX.

Histori von der Franzosen Zug in die Landschafft Floridam.

(_c_) Cap. III, Die Neue Welt, Basel; 1583.

~MASON~ (_Prof._ OTIS T.).

Basket-work of the North American aborigines. In Report of the Smithsonian Institution, for 1884. Washington; 1885. Pt. II, pp. 291-306.

(_a_) p. 296.

~MATÉRIAUX~ pour l’Histoire primitive et naturelle de l’Homme. Revue Mensuelle Illustrée dirigée par M. Émile Castailhac. Toulouse et Paris. 8^o.

~MATTHEWS~ (_Dr._ WASHINGTON, U. S. A.).

The Mountain Chant. A Navajo ceremony. By Dr. Washington Matthews, U. S. A. In the Fifth Annual Report of the Bureau of Ethnology, pp. 379-467.

~MAURAULT~ (_Abbé_ J. A.).

Histoire des Abenaquis depuis 1605 jusqu’à nos jours. Par l’Abbé J. A. Maurault. Quebec. Gazette de Sorel; 1866. 8^o.

(_a_) p. 138.

~MAXIMILIAN~ (PRINCE OF WIED).

See _Wied-Neuwied_ (Maximilian, Prince of).

~McADAMS~ (WM.).

Records of Ancient Races in the Mississippi Valley; being an account of some of the pictographs, sculptured hieroglyphics, symbolic devices, emblems, and traditions of the prehistoric races of America, with some suggestions as to their origin. * * * By Wm. McAdams. St. Louis; 1887. 8^o.

~McGUIRE~ (JOSEPH D.).

Materials, Apparatus, and Processes of the Aboriginal Lapidary. By Joseph B. McGuire. In The American Anthropologist, April, 1892, Vol. V, No. 2.

(_a_) p. 165.

~McKENNEY~ (THOMAS L.).

Sketches of a Tour to the Lakes; of the Character and Customs of the Chippeway Indians; and of the Incidents connected with the Treaty of Fond du Lac. By Thomas L. McKenney, of the Indian Department. * * * Baltimore; 1827. 8^o.

(_a_) p. 293.

~McLEAN~ (_Rev._ JOHN).

(_a_) The Blackfoot Sun Dance. By Rev. John McLean. Toronto; 1889. 8^o.

~MEMOIRES DE LA SOCIETE D’ANTHROPOLOGIE DE PARIS.~

See _Paris_ (Mémoires de la Société d’Anthropologie de).

~MEXICO~ (ANALES DEL MUSEO NACIONAL DE).

Anales del museo nacional de México. Mexico. Vol. I[-V] 1887 ? 4^o.

~MEXICO~ (DOCUMENTOS PARA LA HISTORIA DE).

Memorias para la Historia Natural de California; escritas por un religioso de la Provincia del Santo Evangelio de México. In Documentos para la Hist. de México; Tomo V, p. 220. Mexico; 1857. 8^o.

(_a_) p. 254.

~MEXIQUE~ (MISSION SCIENTIFIQUE AU.)

Mission Scientifique au Mexique et dans l’Amérique Centrale. Publiée par ordre du Ministre de l’Instruction Publique [France]. Paris and Madrid; 1864. Folio.

~MILNE~ (_Prof._ JOHN).

Notes on stone implements from Utaru and Hakodate, with a few general remarks on the prehistoric remains of Japan. In Trans. of the Asiatic Society, Japan; VIII, Pt. I.

(_a_) p. 64.

~MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS.~ San Francisco, Cal.

(_a_) Nov. 29, 1880. p. 247.

~MONTAGU~ (_Lady_ MARY WORTLEY).

The Letters and Works of Lady Mary Wortley Montagu; edited by Lord Wharncliffe. London; 1837. 3 vols. 8^o.

(_a_) II, p. 31.

~MORE~ (JAMES F.).

The History of Queen’s County, N.S. By James F. More, Esq. Halifax; 1873. 8^o.

(_a_) p. 213.

~MORENO~ (F. P.).

Esploracion Arqueologica de la Provincia de Catamarca. Estracto del informe anual correspondiente, Museo de la Plata, á 1890-’91. q. v.

(_a_) p. 8.

~MORSE~ (_Prof._ Edward S.).

Some recent Publications on Japanese Archeology. In the American Naturalist, September, 1880.

(_a_) p. 658.

~MORTILLET~ (GABRIEL _de_).

Le Signe de la Croix avant le Christianisme. By Gabriel de Mortillet. Paris; 1866. 8^o.

(_a_) p. 173.

~MÜLLER~ (F. MAX).

Lectures on the Origin and Growth of Religion. London and New York; 1879. 8^o. Hibbert Lectures for 1878.

~MURDOCH~ (JOHN).

Ethnological Results of the Point Barrow Expedition. In Ninth Annual Report of the Bureau of Ethnology.

(_a_) p. 390. (_b_) p. 138.

~MUSEO DE LA PLATA.~

Revista del Museo de la Plata. Dirijida por Francisco P. Moreno, Fundador y Director del Museo. Tomo I. La Plata. Talleres de publicaciones del Museo. 1890-’91. Large 8^o.

~NATIONAL MUSEUM~ (PROCEEDINGS OF).

Proceedings of the United States National Museum. Vols. 1[-13], 1875[-1890]. Washington. 8^o.

~NATIONAL MUSEUM~ (REPORTS OF).

Report of the National Museum under the direction of the Smithsonian Institution. With Ann. Reports Smithsonian Institution, 1881, pub. 1883[-1889, pub. 1891]. Washington. 8^o.

~NEBEL~ (_Don_ CARLOS).

Viaje Pintoresco y Arqueolojico sobre la parte mas interesante de la República Mejicana, en los años transcurridos desde 1829 hasta 1834. Por el arquitecto Don Carlos Nebel. Paris y Mejico; 1840. Fol.

~NETTO~ (_Dr._ LADISLÁU).

Investigações sobre a Archeologia Brazileira. In Archives do Museu Nacional do Rio de Janeiro; Vol. VI, 1º, 2º, 3º, e 4º Trimestres, Correspondente a 1881, Consagrado a Exposição Anthropologica Brazileira, realisada no Museu Nacional a 29 de Julho de 1882. Rio de Janeiro; 1885. 4^o.

(_a_) p. 551. (_b_) p. 552. Pl. XIII. (_c_) p. 551. (_d_) p. 306.

~NEW YORK~ (THE DOCUMENTARY HISTORY OF THE STATE OF).

See _O’Callahan_ (E. B.).

~NEW YORK~ (DOCUMENTS RELATING TO THE COLONIAL HISTORY OF THE STATE OF).

Albany; irregularly issued; 1853 to 1883. 14 vols. 8^o.

(_a_) IX, pp. 46 and 385. (_b_) XII, p. 49, and XIII, p. 398.

~NIBLACK~ (_Ensign_ ALBERT P., _U. S. N._).

The Coast Indians of Southern Alaska and Northern British Columbia. By Albert P. Niblack, Ensign, U. S. Navy. In Report of the U. S. Nat. Museum, 1887-’88, pp. 225-386. Washington; 1890. Pll. I-LXX.

(_a_) p. 321. (_b_) p. 272. (_c_) p. 278. (_d_) p. 324. (_e_) Pl. LV.

~NORDENSKJÖLD~ (ADOLF ERICK).

Vega-Expeditionens Vetenskapliga Iakttagelser. By A. E. Nordenskjöld. Stockholm; 1882-87. 5 vols. 8^o.

Contains:

Nordqvist (Oscar). Bidrag till Kännedomen om Tschuktscherna.

~NORDQVIST~ (OSCAR).

Bidrag till Kännedomen om Tschuktscherna. In Nordenskjöld (Adolf Erick). Vega-Expeditionens Vetenskapliga Iakttagelser.

(_a_) II, p. 241.

~NORTHWEST COAST OF AMERICA~ (THE).

Being results of recent ethnological researches from the Collections of the Royal Museums at Berlin; published by the Directors of the Ethnological department. Translated from the German. New York; 1884. Fol.

(_a_) Pl. 7, Fig. 3.

~O’CALLAGHAN~ (_Dr._ E. B.).

The Documentary History of the State of New York; arranged under the direction of the Hon. Christopher Morgan, Secretary of State. By E. B. O’Callaghan, M. D. Albany; 1849. 4 vols. 8^o.

(_a_) I, 1849, pp. 4, 5. (_b_) ibid., p. 7. (_c_) ib., p. 5. (_d_) ib., p. 78.

~OHIO STATE BOARD OF CENTENNIAL MANAGERS.~

Final Report of the Ohio State Board of Centennial Managers to the General Assembly of the State of Ohio. Columbus; 1877. 8^o.

~PACIFIC RAILROAD EXPEDITION.~

See _Whipple_ (Lieut. A. W.).

~PARIS~ (MÉMOIRES DE LA SOCIÉTÉ D’ANTHROPOLOGIE DE).

Paris; 1873-1892. Publié par la Société d’Anthropologie. 7 vols. in two series. Large 8^o.

Bulletins de la Société d’Anthropologie de Paris. Paris. 8^o. Publiés par fascicules trimestriels.

~PARKMAN~ (_Dr._ FRANCIS).

The Conspiracy of Pontiac and the Indian war after the conquest of Canada. By Francis Parkman. Boston; 1883. 2 vols. 8^o.

(_a_) II, p. 265.

La Salle and the Discovery of the Great West. By Francis Parkman. Twelfth edition. Boston; 1883. 8^o.

(_a_) p. 59.

~PATTIE~ (JAMES O.).

The personal narrative of James O. Pattie, of Kentucky, during an expedition from St. Louis through the vast regions between that place and the Pacific Ocean, and thence back through the City of Mexico to Vera Cruz, during journeyings of six years; in which he and his father, who accompanied him, suffered unheard-of hardships and dangers; had various conflicts with the Indians, and were made captives, in which captivity his father died. * * * Cincinnati; 1833. 12^o.

(_a_) pp. 15 and 22.

~PEET~ (_Rev._ S. D.).

(_a_) The Emblematic Mounds of Wisconsin; Animal effigies, their shapes and attitudes. [A paper read before the American Association for the Adv. of Science.] In Am. Antiquarian. Chicago; 1884. 8^o.

~PEIXOTO~ (ROCHA).

A tatuagem em Portugal. Por Rocha Peixoto. In Revista de Sciencias Naturales e Sociaes, Vol. II, No. 708. Porto; 1892. 8^o.

~PERROT~ (_Père_ NICOLAS).

Mémoire sur les Mœurs, Coutumes et Religion des Sauvages de l’Amérique Septentrionale. Par Nicolas Perrot; publié pour la première fois par le R. P. J. Tailhau de la Compagnie de Jésus. Leipsig and Paris; 1864. [Bibliotheca Americana, Collection d’ouvrages inédits ou rares sur l’Amérique.]

(_a_) p. 172.

~PESCHEL~ (OSCAR).

The Races of Man and their Geographical Distribution. Translated from the German of Oscar Peschel. New York; 1876. 8^o.

(_a_) p. 175.

~PHILLIPS~ (HENRY, _jr._).

(_a_) History of the Mexicans as told by their Paintings. In Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc., XXI, p. 616.

~PIKE~ (_Maj._ Z. M.).

An Account of Expeditions to the Sources of the Mississippi and through the Western Parts of Louisiana to the Sources of the Arkansaw, Kans., La Platte and Pierre Jaun Rivers. By Maj. Z. M. Pike. Philadelphia; 1810. 8^o.

(_a_) App. to Pt. I, p. 22.

~PINART~ (ALPHONSE L.).

Note sūr les Pétroglyphes et Antiquités des Grandes et Petites Antilles. Par A. L. Pinart. Paris; 1890. Folio. Fac-simile of MS.

(_a_) p. 3 et seq.

Aperçu sur l’Ile d’Aruba, ses Habitants, ses Antiquités, ses Pétroglyphes. Par A. L. Pinart. Paris; 1890. Folio. Fac-simile of MS.

(_b_) p. 1 et seq.

~PIPART~ (_Abbé_ JULES).

Éléments Phonétiques dans les Écritures figuratives des Anciens Mexicains. In Compte Rendu du Cong. Inter. des Américanistes, 2^{me} Session; Paris; 1878. Vol. II.

(_a_) p. 551. (_b_) p. 349. (_c_) p. 359.

~PLENDERLEATH~ (_Rev._ W. C.).

The White Horses of the West of England, with notices of some other ancient Turf-monuments. By the Rev. W. C. Plenderleath, M. A., Rector of Cherhill, Wilts. London; (no year). 12^o.

(_a_) pp. 5-35. (_b_) pp. 7-17. (_c_) pp. 33-34. (_d_) pp. 35-36.

~POPOFF~ (M. LAZAR).

The origin of painting. In Popular Science Monthly, Vol. XL, No. 1, Nov., 1891. [Translated for the Popular Science Monthly from the Revue Scientifique.]

(_a_) p. 103.

~POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY~.

The Popular Science Monthly. Edited by W. J. Youmans, Vols. 1 [XLIII]. New York. 8^o.

~PORTER~ (EDWARD G.).

The Aborigines of Australia. In Proceedings of the American Antiquarian Society. New series, Vol. VI, pt. 3. Worcester; 1890.

(_a_) p. 320.

~POTANIN~ (G. N.).

Sketches of North Western Mongolia. In Ethnologic Material, No. 4. St. Petersburg; 1883. 8^o.

(_a_) Pl. I. (_b_) Pls. IV to XI.

~POTHERIE~ (BACQUEVILLE DE LA).

(_a_) Histoire de l’Amérique Septentrionale Divisée en Quatre Tomes. Tome Premier, contenant le Voyage du Fort de Nelson, dans la Baye d’Hudson, à l’Extrémité de l’Amérique. Par M. de Bacqueville de la Potherie, né à la Guadeloupe, dans l’Amérique Méridionale, Aide Major de la dite Isle. Paris; 1753. 4 vols. 16^o.

(_b_) III, p. 43. (_c_) IV, p. 174. (_d_) I, p. 129. (_e_) ib., p. 128.

~POWELL~ (_Maj._ J. W.).

(_a_) Outlines of the Philosophy of the North American Indians. By J. W. Powell. N. Y. 1877. 8^o.

~POWELL~ (_Dr._ J. W.).

Report on British Columbia. In Rep. of the Deputy Superintendent-General of Indian Affairs [Canada] for 1879. Ottawa. 8^o.

~POWERS~ (STEPHEN).

Tribes of California. By Stephen Powers. In Contributions to North American Ethnology, Vol. III. Washington; 1877.

(_a_) p. 244. (_b_) p. 321. (_c_) p. 20. (_d_) p. 166.

Northern Californian Indians. In Overland Monthly, San Francisco. Vol. VIII, 1872, and Vol. XII, 1874.

~PRATZ~ (LE PAGE DU).

See _Le Page du Pratz_.

~PUTNAM~ (A. W.).

History of Middle Tennessee; or Life and Times of Gen. James Robertson. By A. W. Putnam. Nashville; 1859. 8^o.

(_a_) p. 321.

~PUTNAM~ (_Prof._ F. W.).

The Serpent Mound of Ohio. In The Century Illus. Monthly Magazine, April, 1890. New York. 8^o.

(_a_) p. 871.

~RAFN~ (CHARLES CHRISTIAN).

Antiquitates Americanæ. Edidit Societas Regia Antiquariorum Septentrionalium. Studio et opera Charles Christian Rafn. Copenhagen; 1845. Folio.

(_a_) p. 359. (_b_) p. 360. (_c_) p. 397. (_d_) p. 401. (_e_) p. 357.

~RAND~ (_Rev._ SILAS).

A First Reading Book in the Micmac Language; comprising the Micmac numerals and the names of the different kinds of beasts, birds, fishes, trees, etc., of the maritime Provinces of Canada. Also some of the Indian names of places and many familiar words and phrases, translated literally into English. By Rev. Silas Rand. Halifax; 1875. 12^o.

(_a_) p. 91.

~RAU~ (_Dr._ CHARLES).

Observations on Cup-shaped and other Lapidarian Sculptures in the Old World and in America. By Charles Rau. In Contributions to North American Ethnology. Vol. V. Washington; 1882; pp. 1-112. Figs. 1-161. 4^o.

(_a_) p. 60. (_b_) p. 65. (_c_) p. 64. (_d_) p. 9.

~REBER~ (_Dr._ FRANZ VON).

History of Ancient Art. By Dr. FRANZ VON Reber. Translated and augmented by Joseph Thacher Clarke. New York; 1882. 8^o.

~RECLUS~ (ÉLISÉE).

The Earth and its Inhabitants. By Élisée Reclus. Edited by A. H. Keane, B.A. New York; 1890. Large 8^o.

(_a_) Oceanica, p. 476. (_b_) ib. p. 134. (_c_) ib. p. 304.

~REISS~ (W.) AND ~STUBEL~ (A.).

Necropolis of Ancon in Peru. By W. Reiss and A. Stubel. London and Berlin. 1880-1887. Large folio.

(_a_) Pls. 33 and 33a.

~RENAN~ (ERNEST).

History of the People of Israel till the time of King David. By Ernest Renan. Boston; 1889. 8^o.

(_a_) p. 19.

~RENOUF~ (P. LE PAGE).

An Elementary Grammar of the Ancient Egyptian Language, in the hieroglyphic type. By P. Le Page Renouf, one of Her Majesty’s Inspectors of Schools. London and Paris; date of dedication, 1875. [No publication date.]

(_a_) p. 2.

~REVISTA TRIMENSAL~ do Instituto Historico e Geographico Braziliero. Fundado no Rio de Janeiro. Debaixo da immediata protecção de S. M. I. O. Sr. D. Pedro II. Vols. I[-L]. Rio de Janeiro. 8^o.

~REVUE D’ETHNOGRAPHIE.~

Lately incorporated with two other serials and published under the title of L’Anthropologie, q.v.

(_a_) V, No. 2; 1886.

~REVUE GÉOGRAPHIQUE INTERNATIONALE.~

Journal mensuel illustré des sciences géographiques. Paris; 1884; 9^e année. Editorial notice of report made to the Société de Géographie de Tours, by General Colonieu.

(_a_) No. 110, p. 197.

~RIVERO~ (MARIANO EDWARD) AND VON ~TSCHUDI~ (JOHN JAMES).

Peruvian Antiquities. By Mariano Edward Rivero, * * * and John James von Tschudi. Translated into English, from the original Spanish, by Francis L. Hawkes, D. D. LL. D. New York and Cincinnati; 1855. 8^o.

(_a_) pp. 105-109.

~RIVETT-CARNAC~ (J. H.).

Archæological Notes on Ancient Sculpturings on Rocks in Kumaon, India, similar to those found on monoliths and rocks in Europe. By J. H. Rivett-Carnac, Esq., Bengal Civil Service. * * * Reprinted from the Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal. Calcutta; 1883.

(_a_) p. 1. (_b_) p. 15.

~ROCK INSCRIPTIONS.~

See _Archaic Rock Inscriptions_.

~ROEDIGER~ (FRITZ).

Prehistoric Sign Stones, as boundary stones, milestones, finger posts, and maps. In Verhandl. der Berlin. Gesellschaft für Anthrop.; 1890.

(_a_) p. 526.

~ROGERS~ (_Rev._ CHARLES).

Social Life in Scotland from early to recent times. By the Rev. Charles Rogers. Edinburgh; 1884. 3 vols. 8^o.

(_a_) I, p. 35.

~ROSNY~ (LÉON DE).

Archives Paléographiques, * * * Par Léon de Rosny. Paris; 1870. 8^o.

(_a_) Tom. I, 2^{me} liv. Avril-juin, p. 93.

~ROYAL GEOGRAPHICAL SOCIETY.~

The Journal of the Royal Geographical Society of London. Vols. I[-L?] London. 8^o.

(_a_) XXXII, 1862, p. 125.

~RUTHERFORD~ (DAVID GREIG).

(_a_) Notes on the People of Batanga, West Tropical Africa. In Jour. of Anthrop. Inst. G. B. & I., X, 1881, p. 466.

~SAGARD~ (GABRIEL).

Histoire du Canada et Voyages que les frères Mineurs recollet y ont faicts pour conversion des infidèles depuis l’an 1615. Par Gabriel Sagard Theodat, avec un dictionnaire de la langue Huronne. Nouvelle edition publiée par M. Edwin Tross. Paris; 1866. 4 vols. 8^o.

(_a_) III, p. 724. (_b_) II, p. 347.

~SAYCE~ (_Prof._ A. H.).

Address to the Anthropological Section of the British Association at Manchester. By Prof. A. H. Sayce. In Journal of the Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland.

(_a_) Nov., 1887, p. 169.

~SCHOOLCRAFT~ (HENRY R.).

Historical and Statistical Information respecting the History, Condition, and Prospects of the Indian Tribes of the United States. Collected and prepared under the direction of the Bureau of Indian Affairs, per act of Congress of March 3d, 1847. By Henry R. Schoolcraft. Illustrated by S. Eastman, Capt. U. S. Army. Published by authority of Congress. Philadelphia; 1851-1857. 6 vols. 4^o.

(_a_) I, p. 351. (_b_) IV, 119. (_c_) III, 73 et seq. (_d_) I, 409, Pl. 58, Fig. 67. (_e_) IV, 253, Pl. 32. (_f_) V, 649. (_g_) III, p. 306. (_h_) I, 336, Pl. 47, Fig. c. (_i_) I, Pl. 58, op. p. 408. (_k)_ ib. (_l_) I, Pl. 59, Figs. 79 and 103, text on pp. 409, 410. (_m_) I, p. 356. (_n_) III, p. 306. (_o_) I, Pl. 54, Fig. 27. (_p_) III, p. 85. (_q_) I, Pl. 18, Fig. 21. (_r_) I, Pl. 56, Fig. 67. (_s_) I, Pls. 58, 59, Figs. 8, 9, and 98. (_t_) I, Pl. 58. (_u_) ib. (_v_) I, Pl. 59, No. 91. (_w_) I, Pl. 64. (_x_) II, p. 58. (_y_) I, p. 410, Pl. 59, Fig. 102. (_z_) VI, p. 610.

~SCHWATKA’S SEARCH.~

(See _Gilder, Wm. H._)

~SCHWEINFURTH~ (GEORG).

The Heart of Africa. By Georg Schweinfurth. New York; 1874. 2 vols. 8^o.

(_a_) II, p. 23.

~SEAVER~ (JAMES E.).

A Narrative of the life of Mrs. Mary Jemison, who was taken by the Indians in the year 1755, when only about twelve years of age, and has continued to reside amongst them to the present time. Carefully taken from her own words. Nov. 29, 1823. By James E. Seaver. London; 1826. 24^o.

(_a_) p. 70.

~SHEA~ (_Dr._ JOHN GILMARY).

First establishment of the Faith in New France. Now first translated by John Gilmary Shea. New York; 1881. 2 vols. 8^o. (See also _Le Clercq_ (_Père_ Chrétien).

(_a_) I. p. 19.

~SHRIFNER~ (ANTON).

Ethnographic Importance of Property Marks. In Scientific Treatises of the Imperial Academy of Sciences. St. Petersburg; 1855. 8^o.

(_a_) p. 601. (_b_) ib.

~SHTUKIN~ (N. S.).

An Explanation of Certain Picture-writings on the Cliffs of the Yenesei River. In No. 4 of Quarterly Isvestia of the Imp. Geogr. Soc., St. Petersburg; 1882.

~SIMPSON~ (_Lieut._ JAMES H.).

Journal of a Military Reconnaissance from Santa Fé, New Mexico, to the Navajo Country in 1849. By Lt. James H. Simpson, U. S. T. Engineers. Phila.; 1852. 8^o.

(_a_) Pl. 72.

~SIMPSON~ (_Sir_ JAMES Y.).

On Ancient Sculpturings of Cups and Concentric Rings, * * * In Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland. Appendix to