Chapter 28

CONCLUSION

Conclusion—Charles in 1762—Flight of Miss Walkinshaw—Charles quarrels with France—Remonstrance from Murray—Death of King James—Charles returns to Rome—His charm—His disappointments—Lochgarry enters the Portuguese service—Charles declines to recognise Miss Walkinshaw—Report of his secret marriage to Miss Walkinshaw—Denied by the lady—Charles breaks with Lumisden—Bishop Forbes—Charles’s marriage—The Duchess of Albany—‘All ends in song’—The Princesse de Talmond—The end.

WITH the death of Pickle, the shabby romance of the last Jacobite struggle finds its natural close.

Of Charles we need say little more. Macallester represents him as hanging about the coasts of England in 1761–1762, looking out for favourable landing-places, or sending his valet, Stuart, to scour Paris in search of Miss Walkinshaw. That luckless lady fled from Charles at Bouillon to Paris in July 1760, with her daughter, and found refuge in a convent. As Lord Elcho reports her conversation, Charles was wont to beat her cruelly. For general circulation she averred that she and James merely wished her daughter to be properly educated. {316}

Charles, in fact, picked a new quarrel with France on the score of his daughter. Louis refused to make Miss Walkinshaw (now styled Countess of Albertroff) resign her child to Charles’s keeping. He was very fond of children, and Macallester, who hated him, declares that, when hiding in the Highlands, he would amuse himself by playing with the baby of a shepherd’s wife. None the less, his habits made him no proper guardian of his own little girl. {317} In 1762, young Oliphant of Gask, who visited the Prince at Bouillon, reports that he will have nothing to do with France till his daughter is restored to him. He held moodily aloof, and then the Peace came. Lumisden complains that ‘Burton’ (the Prince) is ‘intractable.’ He sulked at Bouillon, where he hunted in the forests. Here is a sad and tender admonition from Murray, whose remonstrances were more softly conveyed than those of Goring:

‘Thursday.

‘When I have the honour of being with you I am miserable, upon seeing you take so little care of a health which is so precious to every honest man, but more so to me in particular, because I know you, and therefore can’t help loving, honouring, and esteeming you; but alass! what service can my zeal and attachment be to my dear master, unless he lays down a plan and system, and follows it, such as his subjects and all mankind will, and must approve of.’

Young Gask repeats the same melancholy tale. Charles was hopeless. For some inscrutable reason he was true to Stafford (who had aided his secret flight from Rome in 1744) and to Sheridan, supporting them at Avignon.

‘Old Mr. Misfortunate’ (King James) died at Rome it 1766; he never saw his ‘dearest Carluccio’ after the Prince stole out of the city, full of hope, in 1744—

‘A fairy Prince with happy eyes And lighter-footed than the fox.’

James expired ‘without the least convulsion or agony,’ says Lumisden, ‘but with his usual mild serenity in his countenance. . . . He seemed rather to be asleep than dead.’ A proscribed exile from his cradle, James was true to faith and honour. What other defeated and fugitive adventurer ever sent money to the hostile general for the peasants who had suffered from the necessities of war?

On January 23, 1766, Lumisden met Charles on his way to Rome. ‘His legs and feet were considerably swelled by the fatigue of the journey. In other respects he enjoys perfect health, and charms every one who approaches him.’ The Prince was ‘miraculously’ preserved when his coach was overturned on a precipice near Bologna. Some jewels and family relics had not been returned by Cluny, and there were difficulties about sending a messenger for them: these occupy much of Lumisden’s correspondence.

Charles met only with ‘mortifications’ at Rome. The Pope dared not treat him on a Royal footing. In April 1766, our old friend, Lochgarry, took service with Portugal. Charles sent congratulations, ‘and doubts not your son will be ready to draw the sword in his just Cause.’ The sword remained undrawn. Charles had now but an income of 47,000 _livres_; he amused himself as he might with shooting, and playing the French horn! He never forgave Miss Walkinshaw, whom his brother, the Cardinal, maintained, poorly enough. Lumisden writes to the lady (July 14, 1766): ‘No one knows the King’s temper better than you do. He has never, so far as I can discover, mentioned your name. Nor do I believe that he either knows where you are, nor how you are maintained. His passion must still greatly cool before any application can be made to him in your behalf.’

A report was circulated that Charles was secretly married to Miss Walkinshaw. On February 16, 1767, Lumisden wrote to Waters on ‘the dismal consequences of such a rumour,’ and, by the Duke of York’s desire, bade Waters obtain a denial from the lady. On March 11 the Duke received Miss Walkinshaw’s formal affidavit that no marriage existed. ‘It has entirely relieved him from the uneasiness the villainous report naturally gave him.’ On January 5, 1768, Lumisden had to tell Miss Walkinshaw that ‘His Royal Highness insists you shall always remain in a monastery.’ Lumisden was always courteous to Miss Walkinshaw. Of her daughter he writes: ‘May she ever possess in the highest degree, those elegant charms of body and mind, which you so justly and assiduously cultivate. . . . Did the King know that I had wrote to you, he would never pardon me.’

On December 20, 1768, Charles had broken with Lumisden and the rest of his suite. ‘Our behaviour towards him was that of faithful subjects and servants, jealous at all times to preserve his honour and reputation.’ They had, in brief, declined to accompany Charles in his carriage when his condition demanded seclusion. Lumisden writes (December 8, 1767), ‘His Royal Highness’ (the Duke of York) ‘thanked us for our behaviour in the strongest terms.’

We need follow no further the story of a consummated degradation. Charles threw off one by one, on grounds of baseless suspicion, Lord George Murray, Kelly (to please Lord Marischal), Goring, and now drove from him his most attached servants. He never suspected Glengarry. But neither time, nor despair, nor Charles’s own fallen self could kill the loyalty of Scotland. Bishop Forbes, far away, heard of his crowning folly, and—blamed Lumisden and his companion, Hay of Restalrig! When Charles, on Good Friday, 1772, married Louise of Stolberg, the remnant of the faithful in Scotland drank to ‘the fairest Fair,’ and to an heir of the Crown.

‘L’Écosse ne peut pas te juger: elle t’ aime!’

[Picture: The King, 1780 (?)]

Into the story of an heir, born at Sienna, and entrusted to Captain Allen, R.N., to be brought up in England, we need not enter. In Lord Braye’s manuscripts (published by the Historical MSS. Commission) is Charles’s solemn statement that, except Miss Walkinshaw’s daughter, he had no child. The time has not come to tell the whole strange tale of ‘John Stolberg Sobieski Stuart and Charles Edward Stuart,’ if, indeed, that tale can ever be told. {321} Nor does space permit an investigation of Charles’s married life, of his wife’s elopement with Alfieri, and of the last comparatively peaceful years in the society of a daughter who soon followed him to the tomb. The stories about that daughter’s marriage to a Swedish Baron Roehenstart, and about their son, merit no attention. In the French Foreign Office archives is a wild plan for marrying the lady, Charlotte Stuart, to a Stuart—any Stuart, and raising their unborn son’s standard in the American colonies! That an offer was made from America to Charles himself, in 1778, was stated by Scott to Washington Irving on the authority of a document in the Stuart Papers at Windsor. That paper could not be found for Lord Stanhope, nor have I succeeded in finding it. The latest Scottish honour done to the King was Burns’s ‘Birthday Ode’ of 1787, and his song for ‘The Bonny Lass o’ Albany.’

‘This lovely maid’s of royal blood, That rulèd Albion’s kingdoms three, But oh, alas for her bonnie face! They hae wrang’d the lass of Albanie!’

_Tout finit par des chansons_!

Of the Stuart cause we may say, as Callimachus says of his dead friend Heraclitus:

‘Still are thy pleasant voices, thy nightingales awake, For death takes everything away, but these he cannot take.’

A hundred musical notes keep green the memory of the last Prince of Romance, the beloved, the beautiful, the brave Prince Charlie—_everso missus succurrere saeclo_. The overturned age was not to be rescued by charms and virtues which the age itself was to ruin and destroy. Loyal memories are faithful, not to what the Prince became under stress of exile, and treachery, and hope deferred, and death in life, _de vivre et de pas vivre_—but to what he once was, _Tearlach Righ nan Gael_.

Of one character in this woful tale a word may be said. The Princesse de Talmond was visited by Horace Walpole in 1765. He found her in ‘charitable apartments in the Luxembourg,’ and he tripped over cats and stools (and other things) in the twilight of a bedroom hung with pictures of Saints and Sobieskis. At last, and very late, the hour of her conversion had been granted, by St. François Xavier, to the prayers of her husband. We think of the Baroness Bernstein in her latest days as we read of the end of the Princesse. She had governed Charles ‘with fury and folly.’ Of all the women who had served him—Flora Macdonald, Madame de Vassé, Mademoiselle Luci, Miss Walkinshaw—did he remember none when he wrote that he understood men, but despaired of understanding women, ‘they being so much more wicked and impenetrable’? {323}

FOOTNOTES

{3} Edition of 1832, i. p. x.

{12a} _History of England from the Peace of Utrecht to the Peace of Aix-la-Chapelle_. London, 1838, iii. 279.

{12b} _An authentic account of the conduct of the Young Chevalier_, p. 7. Third edition, 1749.

{13} London, 1879.

{15a} _Letters from Italy by an Englishwoman_, ii. 198. London 1776. Cited by Lord Stanhope, iii. 556. Horace Mann to the Duke of Newcastle. State Papers. Tuscany. Jan. ½½, 174¾. In Ewald, i. 87. Both authorities speak of _blue_ eyes.

{15b} A false Charles appeared in Selkirkshire in 1745. See Mr. Craig Brown’s _History of Ettrick Forest_. The French, in 1759, meant to send a false Charles to Ireland with Thurot. Another appeared at Civita Vecchia about 1752. The tradition of Roderick Mackenzie, who died under English bullets, crying ‘You have slain your Prince,’ is familiar. We shall meet other pseudo-Charles’s.

{17a} Ewald, i. 41.

{17b} _Documentos Ineditos_. Madrid. 1889. Vol. xciii. 18.

{18a} _Voyages de Montesquieu_. Bordeaux, 1894. p. 250.

{18b} _Letters of De Brosses_, as translated by Lord Stanhope, iii. 72.

{18c} See authorities in Ewald, i. 48–50.

{19a} Ewald, ii. 30. Scott’s Journal, i. 114.

{19b} Dennistoun’s _Life of Strange_, i. 63, and an Abbotsford manuscript.

{20a} Stuart Papers, in the Queen’s Library. Also the Lockhart Papers mention the wounding of the horse.

{20b} _Life and Correspondence of David Hume_. Hill Burton, ii. 464–466.

{21a} _Jacobite Memoirs_. Lord Elcho’s MS. Journal. Ewald, i. 77.

{21b} State Papers Domestic. 1745. No. 79.

{21c} _Genuine Memoirs of John Murray of Broughton_. _La Spedizione di Carlo Stuart_.

{23a} Treasury Papers. 1745. No. 214. First published by Mr. Ewald, i. 215.

{23b} _Jacobite Memoirs_, p. 32.

{24a} Chambers _Rebellion of_ 1745, i. 71. The authority is ‘Tradition.’

{24b} I have read parts of Forbes’s manuscript in the Advocates’ Library, but difficulties were made when I wished to study it for this book.

{25a} _D’Argenson’s Mémoires_.

{25b} This gentleman died at Carlisle in 1745, according to Bishop Forbes. _Jacobite Memoirs_, p. 4.

{26a} Stuart MSS. in Windsor Castle.

{26b} Stuart Papers. Browne’s _History of the Highland Clans_, iii. 481.

{27a} James to Lismore. June 23, 1749. Stuart MSS.

{28a} Stanhope. Vol. iii. Appendix, p. xl.

{28b} _Jacobite Memoirs_.

{30a} The Kelly of Atterbury’s Conspiracy, long a prisoner in the Tower. It is fair to add that Bulkeley, Montesquieu’s friend, defended Kelly.

{31a} Stuart Papers. Browne, iii. 433. September 13, 1745.

{32a} Macallester’s book is entitled _A Series of Letters_, &c. London, 1767.

{32b} Wogan to Edgar. Stuart Papers, 1750.

{33a} D’Argenson, iv. 316–320.

{33b} Stair Papers.

{33c} Letters in the State Paper Office. S. P. Tuscany. Walton sends to England copies of the letters of James’s adherents in Paris; Horace Mann sends the letters of Townley, whom James so disliked.

{35a} D’Argenson’s _Mémoires_, v. 98, fol.

{35b} _Ibid._ v. 183.

{36a} Published by the Duc de Broglie, in _Revue d’Histoire Diplomatique_. No. 4. Paris, 1891.

{37a} Browne, iv. 36–38.

{38a} _Genuine Copies of Letters_, _&c._ London, 1748.

{38b} _An Account of the Prince’s Arrival in France_, p. 66. London, 1754.

{39a} There are letters of Bulkeley’s to Montesquieu as early as 1728. _Voyages de Montesquieu_, p. xx. note 3.

{40a} In his work on Madame de Pompadour (p. 109), M. Capefigue avers that he discovered, in the archives of the French Police, traces of an English plot to assassinate Prince Charles; the Jacobites believed in such attempts, not without reason, as we shall prove.

{41a} Walton. S. P. Tuscany. No. 55.

{43} _Mémoires_, iv. 322.

{46a} See _Le Secret du Roi_, by the Duc de Broglie.

{46b} _Tales of the Century_, p. 25.

{46c} _Pol. Corresp. of Frederick the Great_, v. 114. No. 2,251.

{46d} _Ibid._ vi. 125. No. 3,086.

{49a} D’Argenson, v. 417. March 19, 1749. D’Argenson knew more than the police.

{50a} Stuart Papers. Browne, iv. p. 51.

{51a} _Mémoires_, v. 417.

{51b} _Tales of the Century_, ii. 48, ‘from information of Sir Ralph Hamilton.’

{51c} ‘Information by Baron de Rondeau and Sir Ralph Hamilton.’

{52a} S. P. France. No. 442.

{52b} S. P. Tuscany. No. 58. Stuart Papers. Browne, iv. 52.

{52c} S. P. France. No. 442.

{52d} This may have been true.

{52e} S. P. Tuscany. No. 55.

{53a} Dr. King made a Latin speech on this occasion, rich in Jacobite innuendoes. _Redeat_ was often repeated.

{53b} S. P. Poland. No. 75.

{58a} S. P. Russia. No. 59.

{61} _Pol. Corr._, vi. 572, vii. 23.

{62a} Browne. Stuart Papers, iii. 502.

{62b} S. P. Tuscany. No. 54.

{63} Hanbury Williams. From Dresden, July 2, 1749.

{64} James had previously wished Charles to marry a Princess of Modena.

{65a} Mann, June 19, 1750.

{65b} Stuart Papers. Browne, ii. 73.

{68} _Correspondence of the Duke of Bedford_, ii. 69. Bedford to Albemarle. Also _op. cit._ ii. 15. March 13, 1749. Bedford to Colonel Yorke.

{69} Browne, iv. 57, 63.

{70a} In the Gask Papers it is said that 5,000_l._ was sent by Cluny to Major Kennedy. Kennedy himself buried the money.

{70b} All these facts are taken from the Stuart Papers, in manuscript at Windsor Castle.

{71} Le 3. A. 1749. Projet pour mon arrive a Paris, et Le Conduit de Mr. Benn. Mr. Benn doit s’en aller droit à Dijon et son Compagnion Mr. Smith a Paris; Il faudra pour Mr. Smith une Chese [chaise] qu’il acheterra a Lunéville, ensuite il prendra Le Domestique du C. P. à Ligny, mais en partent d’icy il faudra que le Sieur Smith mont a Chevall et La Chese pourra y aller come pour son Retour a Paris. La personne dedans parraitrait profiter de cette occasion. Le Sieur Bonn doit rester quelqe jours come desiran acheter une Cofre et remettra La Sienne come par amitié au Sr. Smith, tout cecy paroissant d’hazard. Ensuite Le Sr. Smith continuera au Plustot son Chemin, et son Ami ira Le Sien en attendant, un peu de jours et à son arrivé a Dij. il doit Ecrive a Personne qu’il soite excepte La Lettre au—W. Le Ch. Gre. qu’il doit voire (et a qui il peut dire davoire ete a Di—Charge par Le P., sans meme Nomer son Camerade mais come tout seule) ne sachant rien davantage, et le laissant dans l’obscuriné, comme s’il Etoit dans le meme Cas, attendant des Nouvelles Ordres, sans rien outre savoire ou pouvoire penetre Etant deja Longtems sans me voire.’ Holograph of P. Charles.

{79} Under the late Empire (1863) the convent was the hotel of the Minister of War. Hither, about 1748, came Madame du Deffand, later the superannuated adorer of the hard-hearted Horace Walpole, and here was her famous _salon moire jaune_, _aux næuds couleur de feu_. Here she entertained the President Hénault, Bulkeley, Montesquieu (whose own house was in the same street), Lord Bath, and all the _philosophes_, giving regular suppers on Mondays. In the same conventual chambers resided, in 1749, Madame de Talmond, Madame de Vassé, and her friend Mademoiselle Ferrand, whose address Charles wrote, as we saw, in his note-book (March 1749).

{80} Grimm, ii. p. 183.

{82} S. P. France. June 4, 1749. Ewald, ii. 200.

{83} Translated from the French original at Windsor Castle.

{86} _Histoire de Montesquieu_, par L. Vian, p. 196.

{87} _Correspondance de Madame du Deffand_. Edition of M. de Lescure, ii. 737–742.

{91} D’Argenson confirms or exaggerates this information.

{92} Browne, v. 66. Letter of Young Glengarry, January 16, 1750.

{97} Browne, iv. 68. I have not found the original in the Stuart Papers at Windsor.

{101} The Mr. Dormer who was Charles’s agent is described in _Burke_ as ‘James, of Antwerp,’ sixth son, by his second marriage, of Charles, fifth Lord Dormer.

{103} State Papers. Examination of Æneas Macdonald.

{105} July 1, 1754. Browne, iv. 122.

{106} Mr. Ewald’s dates, as to the Prince’s English jaunt, are wrong. He has adopted those concerning the lady’s movements, ii. 201.

{107} Charles himself (S. P. Tuscany, December 16, 1783) told these facts. But Hume is responsible for the visit to Lady Primrose, dating it in 1753; wrongly, I think.

{108} Private Memorandum concerning the Pretender’s eldest son. Brit. Mus. Additional MSS.

{110} A medal of 1750 bears a profile of Charles, as does one of September 1752.

{111} This may be of 1752–1753, and the ‘Channoine’ may be Miss Walkinshaw, who was a canoness of a noble order.

{113} Montesquieu to the Abbé de Guasco, March 7, 1749.

{118} The sequel of the chivalrous attempt to catch Keith’s mistress may he found in letters of Newcastle to Colonel Guy Dickens (February 12, 1751), and of Dickens (St. Petersburg, March 27, 30, May 4, 1751) to the Duke of Newcastle. (State Papers.)

{119} _Correspondence of the Duke of Bedford_, ii. 69.

{125} _Letters_, ii. 116.

{126} Spence’s _Anecdotes_, p. 168.

{127a} Browne, iv. 17.

{127b} Stuart Papers.

{127c} _Ibid._

{128a} Potzdam, August 24, 1751. _Œuvres_, xxxviii. 307. Edition of 1880.

{128b} Newcastle to Lord Chancellor, September 6, 1751. _Life of Lord Hardwicke_, ii. 404.

{130a} _Anecdotes_.

{130b} Stuart Papers. Lady Montagu was Barbara, third daughter of Sir John Webbe of Hathorp, county Gloucester. In July 1720 she married Anthony Brown, sixth Viscount Montagu.

{131} Walton’s _Life of Wotton_.

{132a} Browne, iv. 89–90.

{133a} S. P. France, 455.

{135} S. P. Poland, No. 79.

{137} Angleterre, 81, f. 94, 1774.

{138} Pichot, in his _Vie de Charles Edouard_, obviously cites this document, which is quoted from him by the Sobieski Stuarts in _Tales of the Century_. But Pichot does not name the source of his statements.

{139} A French agent, Beson probably, whom Charles desired to dismiss, _because_ a Frenchman.

{141} Scott’s _Letters_, ii. 208. June 29, 1824.

{144} For reasons already given, namely, that Madame de Vassé was the only daughter of her father by his wife, and that Mademoiselle Ferrand was her great friend, while the Prince addresses Mademoiselle Luci by a name derived from an estate of the Ferrands, I have identified Mademoiselle Ferrand with Mademoiselle Luci. This, however, is only an hypothesis.

{145} Some of Pickle’s letters were published by Mr. Murray Rose in an essay called ‘An Infamous Spy, James Mohr Macgregor,’ in the _Scotsman_, March 15, 1895. This article was brought to my notice on June 22, 1896. As the author identifies Pickle with James Mohr Macgregor, though Pickle began to communicate with the English Government while James was a prisoner in Edinburgh Castle, and continued to do so for years after James’s death, it is plain that he is in error, and that the transactions need a fresh examination. Mr. Murray Rose, in the article cited, does not indicate the _provenance_ of the documents which he publishes. When used in this work they are copied from the originals in the British Museum, among the papers of the Pelham Administration. The transcripts have been for several years in my hands, but I desire to acknowledge Mr. Murray Rose’s priority in printing some of the documents, which, in my opinion, he wholly misunderstood, at least on March 15, 1895. How many he printed, if any, besides those in the _Scotsman_, and in what periodicals, I am not informed.

{149a} The portrait, now at Balgownie, was long in the possession of the Threiplands of Fingask. I have only seen a photograph, in the Scottish Museum of Antiquities.

{149b} MS. in Laing Collection, Edinburgh University Library.

{150a} A note of Craigie’s communicated by Mr. Omond.

{150b} Cope to Forbes of Culloden, August 24, 1745. _Culloden Papers_, p. 384.

{150c} _Culloden Papers_, p. 405.

{150d} Young Glengarry to Edgar. Rome, September 16, 1750. In the Stuart Papers.

{151a} Chambers’s _The Rebellion_, v. 24. Edinburgh, 1829.

{151b} Letter of Warren to James, October 10, 1746. Browne, iii. 463.

{152a} Stuart Papers. Browne, iv. 100.

{152b} _Ibid._ iv. 22, 23.

{153a} Browne, iv. 51.

{154} Browne, iv. 61, 62.

{155a} I presume the first beautiful Mrs. Murray is in question. The second is ‘another story.’ See the original letter in Browne, iv. 90–101.

{155b} State Papers, Domestic, No. 87.

{156} Stuart Papers.

{157} Browne, iv. 60.

{159} Browne, iv. 117.

{160} _Correspondence of the Duke of Bedford_, ii. 39.

{161} Paris, February 14, 1752. Stuart Papers.

{162a} iv. 84.

{162b} Rome, September 4, 1750. In Browne.

{164} Browne, iv. 102.

{165} Journal, February 14, 1826.

{169} May 4, 1753. Stuart Papers. To old Edgar.

{171} His father’s name was John. One of Pickle’s aliases.

{172} This identifies ‘Pickle’ with ‘Jeanson.’

{174} Cypher names.

6 Goring. 69 Sir James Harrington, perhaps. 51 King of Prussia. 80 Pretender’s Son. 8 Pretender. 72 Sir John Graham. 66 Scotland. 0 French Ministry. 2 Lord Marshall. 59 Count Maillebois. 71 Sir John Graham, perhaps.

{175} That is, probably, Pickle said to Jacobite friends that his money came from Major Kennedy.

{178} Lord Elcho knew it, probably from his brother.

{180} Elcho says he was in London, at Lady Primrose’s. We have seen that Charles had had a difficulty with this lady.

{181} To this illness Glengarry often refers, when writing as Pickle.

{183a} Hay to Edgar, October 1752. In Browne, iv. 106.

{183b} ‘Mildmay’ to ‘Green,’ January 24, 1753.

{184} S. P. Poland. No. 81.

{196a} Carlyle’s _Frederick_, iv. 467. Compare, for the views of political circles, Horace Walpole’s _Reign of George II._ i. 333, 353, and his Letters to Horace Mann for 1753.

{196b} _Reign of George II._ i. 290.

{197} Add MSS. British Museum, 33,847, f. 271. ‘Private and most secret.’

{198a} _Politische Correspondenz Friederichs des Grossen_. Duncker. Berlin, 1879, ix. 356.

{198b} Can the Earl and the Doctor have approved of renewing the infamous Elibank plot?

{201} Many historians, such as Lord Campbell in his _Lives of the Chancellors_, condemn as cruel the execution of Cameron. But the Government was well informed.

{202} _The Active Testimony of the Presbyterians of Scotland_, 1749.

{203} xix. 742.

{208} French service. He seems to think that Archy was betrayed by French means. He perhaps suspected Dumont, who had been in the French army.

{213} Glengarry had been a captain in the French service.

{219} Brother of d’Argenson of the _Mémoires_.

{222a} _Pol. Corr._ No. 5,933.

{222b} As early as 1748 Dawkins was in Paris, drinking with Townley, who calls him _un bon garçon_. Townley’s letters to a friend in Rome were regularly sent to Pelham.

{223} _Pol. Corr._ ix. 417. No. 5,923.

{224a} Droysen, iv. 357. Note 1.

{224b} S. P. France. 462.

{227} Browne, iv. p. 111.

{231a} In his article on James Mohr (_Scotsman_, March 15, 1896), Mr. Murray Rose cites some papers concerning James’s early treacheries. For unfathomable reasons, Mr. Murray Rose does not mention the source of these papers. This is of the less importance, as Mr. George Omond, in _Macmillan’s Magazine_, May 1890, had exposed James’s early foibles, from documents in the Record Office.

{231b} _Trials of Rob Roy’s Sons_ (Edinburgh, 1818), p. 3.

{232a} The reader may remember that Pickle’s earliest dated letter is from Boulogne, November 2, 1752. As on that day James Mohr was a prisoner in Edinburgh Castle, the absurdity of identifying Pickle with James Mohr becomes peculiarly glaring.

{232b} _Trial_, &c. p. 119.

{232c} According to Mr. Murray Rose, James Mohr applied to the King for money on May 22, 1753. This letter I have not observed among the Stuart Papers, but, from information given by Pickle to his English employers, I believe James Mohr to have been in France as early as May 1753. Pickle, being consulted as to James’s value, contemns him as a spy distrusted by both sides.

{234} Add. MSS. 32,846.

{235} He _had_ been, as a spy!

{236} How worthy of our friend!

{238} As James was not in France till May 1753, he cannot have written Pickle’s letters from France of March in that year.

{239} Balhaldie’s papers, not treasonable, belong to Sir Arthur Halkett of Pitfirrane, who also possesses a charming portrait of pretty Mrs. Macfarlane. Sir Arthur’s ancestor, Sir Peter, fought on the Hanoverian side in the Forty-five, was taken prisoner, and released on _parole_, which he refused to break at the command of the Butcher Cumberland.

{240} MSS. Add. 33,050, f. 369.

{241} Nothing of all this in the Stuart Papers.

{242} Observe James’s Celtic memory.

{243} Mr. Savage, according to James Mohr, was the chief of the Macgregors in Ireland.

{245} These are transparent falsehoods. The Earl Marischal, if we may believe Pickle, had no mind to resign his comfortable Embassy.

{246} He was really at Avignon.

{250} Add. MSS. 33,050, f. 409.

{251} In ‘Mémoire Historique et Généalogique sur la Famille de Wogan,’ par le Comte Alph. O’Kelly de Galway (Paris, 1896) we read (p. 33) that, in 1776, Charles was ‘entertained at Cross Green House, in Cork.’ The authority given is a vague reference to the _Hibernian Magazine_.

{254} Stuart Papers.

{256} Probably Glengarry.

{259} This too well confirms Dr. King’s charges.

{261} Goring must mean a clansman—a Cameron.

{263} Goring was probably at the Convent of St. Joseph, with Madame de Vassé.

{265} See _Mémoires of Madame Hausset_, and the De Goncourts on Madame de Pompadour.

{267} These letters have been printed in full by Mr. Murray Rose (_Scotsman_, March 15, 1895). Mr. Murray Rose attributes them to James Mohr Macgregor, wrongly, of course.

{268} That is, seats for Jacobites should be purchased at the General Election.

{271} The surgeon of Lunéville, with whom Charles had resided secretly.

{273} ‘Women’ refers to Miss Walkinshaw. It is clear that Charles had rejected MacNamara’s request for her dismissal, described by Dr. King.

{274} Browne, iv. 120, 121.

{277a} Culloden Papers, p. 412.

{277b} Robertson of Inerchraskie to Forbes of Culloden. September 23, 1745.

{278} Manuscripts in the Charter Chest at Cluny Castle. Privately printed.

{280a} Pickle was inducted into his estates, before the Bailies of Inverness and a jury, on February 2, 1758. The ‘Retour’ is cited in Mr. Mackenzie’s _History of the Macdonalds_.

{280b} The story is in Mr. Mackenzie’s _History of the Macdonalds_.

{281} All this is probably false.

{284} Mr. Bruce, October 10, 1754, to Gwynn Vaughan, Esq.

{285} _Arniston Memoirs_, edited by G. W. T. Omond, p. 153. Mr. Dundas of Arniston has kindly supplied a copy containing what is omitted in Mr. Omond’s book—Pickle’s dealings with his tenantry.

{286} See Macallester’s huge and intolerably prolix book, _A Series of Letters_ (London: 1767).

{287} D’Argenson, July 1755.

{288} S. P. France, 468.

{292a} Browne, iv. 124.

{292b} _Ibid._ iv. 125.

{293} Ewald’s _Prince Charles_, ii. 223–228. From State Papers.

{294} Letter to Edgar, September 16, 1755.

{296a} Madame Adélaïde, according to gossip in the _Scots Magazine_.

{296b} _Pol. Corr._ xi. p. 37. No. 7,199, and p. 63.

{297} I have never seen this document.

{298} A full account of Macallester, from which these remarks are taken, was published by myself in the _English Illustrated Magazine_.

{301} Archives of French Foreign Office. Angleterre. 81. fol. 11.

{302a} _Pol. Corr._ xiii. 320. No. 8,660.

{302b} See _Le Secret du Roi_, by the Duc de Broglie.

{303} _Mémoire of Charlotte Stuart_. French Foreign Office. 1774.

{306} Mr. Alexander Pelham Trotter has kindly permitted me to consult this document in his possession.

{309a} D’Aiguillon.

{309b} Prince de Soubise.

{312} As is proved by Murray’s letter of December 10.

{316} _Mémoire of Charlotte Stuart_. 1774.

{317} Charles, as Lumisden writes (December 3, 1760), ‘positively insists on having the young filly returned to him.’

{321} The article on the _Tales of the Century_ in the _Quarterly Review_ (vol. lxxxi. p. 57) was not ‘by Lockhart,’ as Mr. Ewald says, and is not, in fact, accurate.

{323} Nothing in the Stuart Papers confirms the story that Charles was at the Coronation of George III., in 1761. In the present century Cardinal York told a member of the Stair family that the Prince visited England in 1763. It may have been then that he saw Murray of Broughton, and was seen by Murray’s child, afterwards the actor known to Sir Walter Scott.