Physiology and Hygiene for Secondary Schools

As stated in the introduction to our study, the fundamental law of hygiene is the law of harmony: _Habits of living must harmonize with the plan of the body._ Having acquainted...

The organs of digestion are adapted to the work of dissolving the foods by both their structure and arrangement. Most of them consist either of tubes or cavities and these are s...

A Carrier must move. To enable the blood to carry food and oxygen _to_ the cells and waste materials _from_ the cells, and also to distribute heat, it is necessary to keep it mo...

Through the movements of the blood and the lymph, materials entering the body are transported to the cells, and wastes formed at the cells are carried to the organs which remove...

One necessary means of establishing proper relations between the body and its surroundings is _motion_.(77) Not only can the body move itself from place to place, but it is able...

Sight is considered the most important of the sensations. It is the chief means of bringing the body into proper relations with its surroundings and, even more than the sensatio...

The body is constantly in need of new material. Oxidation, as shown in the preceding chapter, rapidly destroys substances at the cells, and these have to be replaced. Upon this...

*Cooerdination and Adjustment.*--If we consider for a moment the movements of the body, we cannot fail to note the cooeperation of organs, one with another. In the simple act of...

As already stated, the skeleton, the nervous system, and the muscular system are concerned in the production of motion. The skeleton and the nervous system, however, serve other...

In the preceding chapter was pointed out the method by which the different parts of the body are brought into communication by the neurons or nerve cells. We are now to study th...

Man is a social being. His inclinations are not to live alone, but to be a part of that great human organization known as society. For men to work together, to be mutually helpf...

In our study so far we have been concerned mainly with the introduction of materials into the body. We are now to consider the removal of materials from the body. The structures...

Two liquids of similar nature are found in the body, known as the blood and the lymph. These are closely related in function and together they form the nutrient fluid referred t...

Protective coverings are found at all the exposed surfaces of the body. These vary considerably at different places, each being adapted to the conditions under which it serves....

The far-reaching effects and serious nature of disorders of the nervous system are sufficient reasons for considering carefully those conditions that make or mar its efficiency....

What is the nature of oxygen? What is its purpose in the body and how does it serve this purpose? How is the blood able to take it up at the lungs and give it off at the cells?...

The dissolved nutrients, to reach the cells, must be transferred from the alimentary canal to the blood stream. This process is known as _absorption_. In general, absorption mea...

Fig. 27--*Diagram showing position of the lymph* with reference to the blood and the cells. The central tube is a capillary. The arrows indicate the direction of slight movement...

Our study of the nervous system has shown that impulses arising at the surface of the body are able, through connecting neurons, to bring about various activities. Moving along...

What is the nature of the body organization? What are the individual parts, or units, that make it up? What general work do these carry on and upon what basis do they practice t...

If one stops taking food, it becomes difficult after a time for him to move about and to keep warm. These results show that food has some relation to the energy of the body, for...

*External Divisions.*--Examined from the outside, the body presents certain parts, or divisions, familiar to all. The main, or central, portion is known as the _trunk_, and to t...

To derive strength equal to the daily task; to experience the advantages of health and avoid the pain, inconvenience, and danger of disease; to live out contentedly and usefully...