CHAPTER IV

Philip in favour of a moderate policy in England--His attitude towards religion generally--He requests armed aid from England against the French--The emperor’s embarrassments in Italy--Alba made Philip’s viceroy in Italy--Factions in Philip’s court--Ruy Gomez and Alba--The emperor’s abdication--Philip’s changed position--His attitude towards the papacy--The Spanish Church--Pope Paul IV. and the Spaniards in Italy--Excommunication of Philip--Invasion of Rome by Alba--Philip’s second visit to England.....43