Part 1
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The Pembroke Booklets (First Series) III
Nicholas Breton Pastoral Poems
George Wither Selected Poetry
William Browne (of Tavistock) Pastoral Poetry
[Small Ornamental Illustration]
J. R. Tutin Hull 1906
_Large Paper Edition, limited to 250 copies_
_Turnbull & Spears, Printers, Edinburgh._
Nicholas Breton (1558-1626)
_Thou that wouldst find the habit of true passion, And see a mind attired in perfect strains ... Look here on Breton's work._--BEN JONSON.
George Wither (1588-1667)
_The praises of poetry have been often sung in ancient and in modern times; strange powers have been ascribed to it of influence over animate and inanimate auditors; its force over fascinated crowds has been acknowledged; but before Wither, no one ever celebrated its power at home, the wealth and the strength which this divine gift confers upon its possessor. Fame, and that too after death, was all which hitherto the poets had promised themselves from this art. It seems to have been left to Wither to discover that poetry was a present possession, as well as a rich reversion, and that the Muse has a promise of both lives,--of this, and of that which was to come._--CHARLES LAMB.
William Browne (1591-? 1645)
_I feel an envious touch, And tell thee Swain: that at thy fame I grutch, Wishing the Art that makes this Poem shine, And this thy Work (wert not thou wrongèd) mine._
GEORGE WITHER: _To the Author_ [_of Britannia's Pastorals_].
Contents
PAGE
PREFATORY NOTE 5
NICHOLAS BRETON
A Sweet Pastoral 7 Aglaia: a Pastoral 8 Phyllida and Corydon 10 Astrophel's Song of Phyllida and Corydon 11 A Pastoral of Phyllis and Corydon 13 Corydon's Supplication to Phyllis 14 A Report Song in a Dream, between a shepherd and his nymph 15 Another of the Same 16 A Shepherd's Dream 16 A Quarrel with Love 17 A Sweet Contention between Love, his Mistress, and Beauty 18 Love: "Foolish love is only folly" 20 "Those eyes that hold the hand of every heart" 20 Sonnet: "The worldly prince doth in his sceptre hold" 21 A Sweet Lullaby 22
GEORGE WITHER
Prelude. From _The Shepherd's Hunting_ 24 A Poet's Home. From _Faire Virtue_ 27 Her Beauty. From _Faire Virtue_ 29 Rhomboidal Dirge. From _Faire Virtue_ 30 Song: "Lordly gallants!" From _Faire Virtue_ 32 Song: "Shall I, wasting in despair." From _Faire Virtue_ 36 "Amarillis I did woo." From _Faire Virtue_ 37 Sonnet: On a Stolen Kiss 37 A Christmas Carol 38 A Rocking Hymn 40 The Marigold 43 Sonnet: On the Death of Prince Henry 43 From a Satire written to King James I. 44
WILLIAM BROWNE
From "Britannia's Pastorals":-- To England 45 The Seasons 45 May Day Customs 46 Birds in May 46 Music on the Thames 47 A Concert of Birds 47 Flowers 48 Morning 48 Night 49 A Pleasant Grove 50 An Angler 51 A Rill 52 "Glide soft, ye silver floods" 52 "Venus by Adonis' side" 53 A Song: "Gentle Nymphs" 54
Spring Morning. I. From _The Shepherd's Pipe_ 54 " " II. " " 55 A Round 56 "Welcome, welcome, do I sing" 57 Autumn. From _The Shepherd's Pipe_ 58 The Siren's Song. From _Inner Temple Masque_ 59 The Charm. From _Inner Temple Masque_ 59 Cælia: Five Sonnets--"Lo, I the man" 60 "Why might I not for once" 60 "Fairest, when by the rules" 61 "Were't not for you" 61 "Sing soft, ye pretty birds" 62 Visions: Four Sonnets--"I saw a silver swan" 62 "A Rose, as fair as ever" 62 "Down in a valley" 63 "A gentle Shepherd" 63
Epitaphs: In Obitum 64 On the Countess Dowager of Pembroke 64
Prefatory Note
There are few issues attended with greater uncertainty than the fate of a poet, and of the three represented herein it may be said that they survive but tardily in public interest. Such a state of things, in spite of all pleading, is quite beyond reason; hence the purport of this small Anthology is at once obvious.
A group of poets graced with rarest charm and linked together by several and varied circumstances, each one figures here in unique evidence and bold relief of individuality. They are called of the order Spenserian; servants at the altar to the Pastoral Muse; and, in the reckoning of time, belong to that glorious age of great Elizabeth. Nicholas Breton (or Britton, as it is pronounced) and William Browne were both contributors to _England's Helicon_, of 1614, and Browne and Wither each submitted verses for _The Shepherd's Pipe_, a publication of the same year. The former two were, in turn, under the patronage of that most cultured family, the Herberts, Breton being a _protégé_ of "Sidney's sister, Pembroke's mother," whom Browne (and not Ben Jonson, as is commonly said) eulogised thus in elegy. George Wither, being Browne's intimate friend, was presumably not unappreciated by the kinsfolk of George Herbert. Thus do they appear as in a bond of spiritual union.
Breton, a step-son to the poet Gascoigne, and the elder of our fascinating trio, is conspicuous for an unswerving, whole-hearted attachment to nature and rural scenes. It is in the pastoral lyric where, with tenderest devotion, he pursues, untrammelled, a light and free-born fancy. His fertile, varied muse, laden with the passionate exaggerations of love-lorn swain, is yet charged with richest imagery and thought, full to overflowing with joyous abandonment, and sweet with the perfume of many flowers, culled in distant fields.
Wither, though best remembered by exploits in the political arena, is none the less a poet of deep and purest feeling. To be sure, his best and earlier work has all of that delightful extravagance and amorous colouring peculiar to the age. But there is reflected a homely dignity and mobile, felicitous vein in which the poet seems endowed with every attribute of a melodist. Exquisite, graceful and diverse he, at times, would soar to flights of highest inspiration and bedeck the page with gems of rarest worth. In the heptasyllabic couplet he is decidedly successful.
And lastly William Browne, than whom we have not a more modest and retiring singer, here makes his bow with a slender portfolio of excerpts. Whatever else may transpire it is certain that labour such as his bears the assurance of unsullied happiness and overflowing joy. It is quaint, simple, unassuming; without affectation, full of pathos, and gently sensitive. He was a man who knew no guile, and his sweet and artless nature is faithfully portrayed in the outpourings of an impressionable, poetic soul. To dance with rustic maidens on the lea; to sing by moonlight to the piper's strain; to be happy, always happy, such is the theme, delicate and refined, of these our half-forgotten poets.
W. B. KEMPLING.
Nicholas Breton
A Sweet Pastoral
Good Muse, rock me asleep With some sweet harmony: The weary eye is not to keep Thy wary company.
Sweet Love, begone awhile, Thou knowest my heaviness: Beauty is born but to beguile My heart of happiness.
See how my little flock, That loved to feed on high, Do headlong tumble down the rock, And in the valley die.
The bushes and the trees That were so fresh and green, Do all their dainty colour leese, And not a leaf is seen.
The blackbird and the thrush, That made the woods to ring, With all the rest, are now at hush, And not a note they sing.
Sweet Philomel, the bird That hath the heavenly throat, Doth now alas! not once afford Recording of a note.
The flowers have had a frost, Each herb hath lost her savour; And Phyllida the fair hath lost The comfort of her favour.
Now all these careful sights So kill me in conceit, That how to hope upon delights It is but mere deceit.
And therefore, my sweet Muse, Thou know'st what help is best; Do now thy heavenly cunning use To set my heart at rest;
And in a dream bewray What fate shall be my friend; Whether my life shall still decay, Or when my sorrow end.
Aglaia: a Pastoral
Sylvan Muses, can ye sing Of the beauty of the Spring? Have ye seen on earth that sun That a heavenly course hath run? Have ye lived to see those eyes Where the pride of beauty lies? Have ye heard that heavenly voice That may make Love's heart rejoice? Have ye seen Aglaia, she Whom the world may joy to see? If ye have not seen all these, Then ye do but labour leese; While ye tune your pipes to play But an idle roundelay; And in sad Discomfort's den Everyone go bite her pen; That she cannot reach the skill How to climb that blessed hill Where Aglaia's fancies dwell, Where exceedings do excell, And in simple truth confess She is that fair shepherdess To whom fairest flocks a-field Do their service duly yield: On whom never Muse hath gazèd But in musing is amazèd; Where the honour is too much For their highest thoughts to touch; Thus confess, and get ye gone To your places every one; And in silence only speak When ye find your speech too weak. Blessèd be Aglaia yet, Though the Muses die for it; Come abroad, ye blessèd Muses, Ye that Pallas chiefly chooses, When she would command a creature In the honour of Love's nature, For the sweet Aglaia fair All to sweeten all the air, Is abroad this blessèd day; Haste ye, therefore, come away: And to kill Love's maladies Meet her with your melodies. Flora hath been all about, And hath brought her wardrobe out; With her fairest, sweetest flowers, All to trim up all your bowers. Bid the shepherds and their swains See the beauty of their plains; And command them with their flocks To do reverence on the rocks; Where they may so happy be As her shadow but to see: Bid the birds in every bush Not a bird to be at hush: But to sit, and chirp, and sing To the beauty of the Spring: Call the sylvan nymphs together, Bid them bring their musicks hither. Trees their barky silence break, Crack yet, though they cannot speak Bid the purest, whitest swan Of her feathers make her fan; Let the hound the hare go chase; Lambs and rabbits run at base; Flies be dancing in the sun, While the silk-worm's webs are spun; Hang a fish on every hook As she goes along the brook; So with all your sweetest powers Entertain her in your bowers; Where her ear may joy to hear How ye make your sweetest quire; And in all your sweetest vein Still Aglaia strike her strain; But when she her walk doth turn, Then begin as fast to mourn; All your flowers and garlands wither Put up all your pipes together; Never strike a pleasing strain Till she come abroad again.
Phyllida and Corydon
In the merry month of May, In a morn by break of day, With a troop of damsels playing Forth I rode, forsooth, a-maying, When anon by a woodside, Where as May was in his pride, I espied, all alone, Phyllida and Corydon.
Much ado there was, God wot! He would love, and she would not: She said, never man was true; He says, none was false to you. He said, he had loved her long: She says, Love should have no wrong.
Corydon would kiss her then, She says, maids must kiss no men, Till they do for good and all. Then she made the shepherd call All the heavens to witness, truth Never loved a truer youth. Thus with many a pretty oath, Yea, and nay, and faith and troth!-- Such as silly shepherds use When they will not love abuse; Love, which had been long deluded, Was with kisses sweet concluded: And Phyllida, with garlands gay, Was made the lady of the May.
Astrophel's Song of Phyllida and Corydon
Fair in a morn (O fairest morn!), Was never morn so fair, There shone a sun, though not the sun That shineth in the air. For the earth, and from the earth, (Was never such a creature!) Did come this face (was never face That carried such a feature). Upon a hill (O blessèd hill! Was never hill so blessèd), There stood a man (was never man For woman so distressed): This man beheld a heavenly view, Which did such virtue give As clears the blind, and helps the lame, And makes the dead man live. This man had hap (O happy man! More happy none than he); For he had hap to see the hap That none had hap to see. This silly swain (and silly swains Are men of meanest grace): Had yet the grace (O gracious gift!) To hap on such a face. He pity cried, and pity came And pitied so his pain, As dying would not let him die But gave him life again. For joy whereof he made such mirth As all the woods did ring; And Pan with all his swains came forth To hear the shepherd sing; But such a song sung never was, Nor shall be sung again, Of Phyllida the shepherds' queen, And Corydon the swain. Fair Phyllis is the shepherds' queen, (Was never such a queen as she,) And Corydon her only swain (Was never such a swain as he): Fair Phyllis hath the fairest face That ever eye did yet behold, And Corydon the constant'st faith That ever yet kept flock in fold; Sweet Phyllis is the sweetest sweet That ever yet the earth did yield, And Corydon the kindest swain That ever yet kept lambs in field. Sweet Philomel is Phyllis' bird, Though Corydon be he that caught her, And Corydon doth hear her sing, Though Phyllida be she that taught her: Poor Corydon doth keep the fields Though Phyllida be she that owes them, And Phyllida doth walk the meads, Though Corydon be he that mows them: The little lambs are Phyllis' love, Though Corydon is he that feeds them, The gardens fair are Phyllis' ground, Though Corydon is he that weeds them. Since then that Phyllis only is The only shepherd's only queen; And Corydon the only swain That only hath her shepherd been,-- Though Phyllis keep her bower of state, Shall Corydon consume away? No, shepherd, no, work out the week, And Sunday shall be holiday.
A Pastoral of Phyllis and Corydon
On a hill there grows a flower, Fair befall the dainty sweet! By that flower there is a bower, Where the heavenly Muses meet.
In that bower there is a chair, Fringèd all about with gold, Where doth sit the fairest fair That did ever eye behold.
It is Phyllis, fair and bright, She that is the shepherds' joy, She that Venus did despite, And did blind her little boy.
This is she, the wise, the rich, That the world desires to see: This is _ipsa quæ_, the which There is none but only she.
Who would not this face admire? Who would not this saint adore? Who would not this sight desire, Though he thought to see no more?
O, fair eyes, yet let me see, One good look, and I am gone: Look on me, for I am he, Thy poor silly Corydon.
Thou that art the shepherds' queen, Look upon thy silly swain; By thy comfort have been seen Dead men brought to life again.
Corydon's Supplication to Phyllis
Sweet Phyllis, if a silly swain May sue to thee for grace, See not thy loving shepherd slain With looking on thy face; But think what power thou hast got Upon my flock and me; Thou seest they now regard me not, But all do follow thee. And if I have so far presumed, With prying in thine eyes, Yet let not comfort be consumed That in thy pity lies; But as thou art that Phyllis fair, That fortune favour gives, So let not love die in despair That in thy favour lives. The deer do browse upon the briar, The birds do pick the cherries; And will not Beauty grant Desire One handful of her berries? If it be so that thou hast sworn That none shall look on thee, Yet let me know thou dost not scorn To cast a look on me. But if thy beauty make thee proud, Think then what is ordain'd; The heavens have never yet allow'd That love should be disdain'd. Then lest the fates that favour love Should curse thee for unkind, Let me report for thy behoof, The honour of thy mind; Let Corydon with full consent Set down what he hath seen, That Phyllida with Love's content Is sworn the shepherds' queen.
A Report Song in a Dream, between a shepherd and his nymph
Shall we go dance the hay? _The hay?_ Never pipe could ever play Better shepherd's roundelay.
Shall we go sing the song? _The song?_ Never Love did ever wrong. Fair maids, hold hands all along.
Shall we go learn to woo? _To woo?_ Never thought came ever to[o](?) Better deed could better do.
Shall we go learn to kiss? _To kiss?_ Never heart could ever miss Comfort where true meaning is.
Thus at base they run, _They run,_ When the sport was scarce begun; But I waked, and all was done.
Another of the Same
Say that I should say I love ye, Would you say 'tis but a saying? But if Love in prayers move ye, Will ye not be moved with praying?
Think I think that Love should know ye, Will you think 'tis but a thinking? But if Love the thought do show ye, Will ye loose your eyes with winking?
Write that I do write you blessed, Will you write 'tis but a writing? But if Truth and Love confess it, Will ye doubt the true inditing?
No, I say, and think, and write it, Write, and think, and say your pleasure; Love, and truth, and I indite it, You are blessèd out of measure.
A Shepherd's Dream
A silly shepherd lately sat Among a flock of sheep; Where musing long on this and that, At last he fell asleep. And in the slumber as he lay, He gave a piteous groan; He thought his sheep were run away, And he was left alone. He whoop'd, he whistled, and he call'd, But not a sheep came near him; Which made the shepherd sore appall'd To see that none would hear him. But as the swain amazèd stood, In this most solemn vein, Came Phyllida forth of the wood, And stood before the swain. Whom when the shepherd did behold He straight began to weep, And at the heart he grew a-cold, To think upon his sheep. For well he knew, where came the queen, The shepherd durst not stay: And where that he durst not be seen, The sheep must needs away. To ask her if she saw his flock, Might happen patience move, And have an answer with a mock, That such demanders prove. Yet for because he saw her come Alone out of the wood, He thought he would not stand as dumb, When speech might do him good; And therefore falling on his knees, To ask but for his sheep, He did awake, and so did leese The honour of his sleep.
A Quarrel with Love
Oh that I could write a story Of love's dealing with affection! How he makes the spirit sorry That is touch'd with his infection.
But he doth so closely wind him, In the plaits of will ill-pleased, That the heart can never find him Till it be too much diseased.
'Tis a subtle kind or spirit Of a venom-kind of nature, That can, like a coney-ferret, Creep unawares upon a creature.
Never eye that can behold it, Though it worketh first by seeing; Nor conceit that can unfold it, Though in thoughts be all its being.
Oh! it maketh old men witty, Young men wanton, women idle, While that patience weeps, for pity Reason bite not nature's bridle.
What it is, in conjecture; Seeking much, but nothing finding; Like to fancy's architecture With illusions reason blinding.
Yet, can beauty so retain it, In the profit of her service, That she closely can maintain it For her servant chief on office?
In her eye she chiefly breeds it; In her cheeks she chiefly hides it; In her servant's faith she feeds it, While his only heart abides it.
A Sweet Contention between Love, his Mistress, and Beauty
Love and my mistress were at strife Who had the greatest power on me: Betwixt them both, oh, what a life! Nay, what a death is this to be!
She said, she did it with her eye; He said, he did it with his dart; Betwixt them both (a silly wretch!) 'Tis I that have the wounded heart.
She said, she only spake the word That did enchant my peering sense; He said, he only gave the sound That enter'd heart without defence.
She said, her beauty was the mark That did amaze the highest mind; He said, he only made the mist Whereby the senses grew so blind.
She said, that only for her sake, The best would venture life and limb: He said, she was too much deceiv'd; They honour'd her because of him.
Long while, alas, she would not yield, But it was she that rul'd the roost;[1] Until by proof, she did confess, If he were gone, her joy was lost.
And then she cried, "Oh, dainty love, I now do find it is for thee, That I am lov'd and honour'd both, And thou hast power to conquer me."
But, when I heard her yield to love, Oh! how my heart did leap for joy! That now I had some little hope To have an end to mine annoy!
But, as too soon, before the field The trumpets sound the overthrow, So all too soon I joy'd too much, For I awaked, and nothing saw.[2]
[Transcriber's note 1: The original had 'roast']
[Footnote 2: Ellis reads _so_.]
Love
Foolish love is only folly; Wanton love is too unholy; Greedy love is covetous; Idle love is frivolous; But the gracious love is it That doth prove the work of it.
Beauty but deceives the eye; Flattery leads the ear awry; Wealth doth but enchant the wit; Want, the overthrow of it; While in Wisdom's worthy grace, Virtue sees the sweetest face.
There hath Love found out his life, Peace without all thought of strife; Kindness in Discretion's care; Truth, that clearly doth declare Faith doth in true fancy prove, Lust the excrements of Love.
Then in faith may fancy see How my love may constru'd be; How it grows and what it seeks; How it lives and what it likes; So in highest grace regard it, Or in lowest scorn discard it.
_The Passionate Shepherd._