Book IX. p. 258.

Page 104, line 38--'_Poinzacleins_.' Bartsch considers that the name of this river points to a French source, and indicates the sloping nature of its banks, the old French word for which would be _aclins_, Provençal _aclis_.

Page 105, line 52--'_Punt, the water-locked city_.' _Punt_ = _pont_ = bridge; German _Brücke_ or _Brügge_. The name of this town is decidedly suggestive of _Bruges_, and considering the fact that Chrêtien confessedly derived his version of the story from a book given to him by the Count of Flanders, the frequent allusions throughout the poem to men of 'Punturtois' should not be ignored.

Page 105, line 57--'_Count Bernard of Riviers_.' A name of undoubtedly French origin. His father, Count Narant, has been mentioned in Book IV. p. 119. Uckerland is probably a misunderstanding for Outre-land.

Page 105, line 74--'_Ecidemon-woven_.' This is a curious passage, as we are distinctly told in Book XV. p. 136 that Ecidemon is an animal; and as such it is named in Book IX. p. 276 among the list of poisonous serpents. As we hear in Book XV. p. 136 that _Salamanders_ wove the robe of Feirefis it is possible that the same power was ascribed to the Ecidemon. But the passage is somewhat ambiguous, and _here_ a country, and not an animal, may be meant.

Page 107, line 127 _and seq._--'_Killicrates_.' This name is of distinctly Greek origin. We find in Book XV. p. 154 that he was King of Centrium (which Bartsch identifies with the land of the Centaurs), and one of the princes conquered by Feirefis. In the same list of names we find Kalomedenté and Ipopotiticon; according to Bartsch the former name is a compound of Kálamos, and signifies Reed-land; the latter he suggests may be a variation of Hyperponticon, the land beyond the Pontus. Agatyrsjenté may perhaps be the same as Assigarzionté mentioned in Book XV. p. 136, as famous for its silks. '_Akraton_,' cf. Book VIII. p. 230.

Page 108, line 150--'_He cast from his hand his weapon_.' It is worth remarking how strongly Wolfram insists on this tie of brotherhood, both of arms, as here, and of blood, as in Book XV. To fight with one closely related by friendship, or one near of kin, is in his eyes a sin against one's _self_, one's own personality. Other writers of the cycle do not seem to consider such a combat, provided it were not to death, in so serious a light. The etiquette connected with the naming themselves by the knights should be noted; it was the right of the victor to demand the name of the vanquished. Here, Parzival has heard Gawain's name from the pages, and therefore makes no objection to revealing himself; in the next Book when Feirefis asks his name he refuses to give it, the combat between them is practically undecided, and he will not admit Feirefis's right to put the question. That Feirefis names himself is an act of courtesy on his part. This unwillingness to name themselves was probably originally connected with the idea of the identity of _name_ and _person_--once so universal; to this day the superstition that it is unlucky to mention the name of a person exists among certain races, and circumlocution and nicknames are employed to avoid the necessity for disclosing the real appellation of the individual referred to.

Page 110, line 237--'_In wrath spake the lips of Bené_.' We have already been told in Book X. p. 24, that the Ferryman, Bené's father, was of knightly birth, but it seems strange to find her addressing so powerful a monarch as King Gramoflanz in such discourteous terms. As noted before, the character of Bené and the part she plays are peculiar to Wolfram's version, and difficult of explanation.

Page 113, line 325--'_Yet, Sire, when I saw thee last_.' Cf. Book VI. p. 179, and Book XV. p. 158. Nevertheless, the other knights do not seem in any way to have held Parzival as really dishonoured; they receive and welcome him as one of their body, though he has _not_ won the Grail, nor, so far, apparently expiated his sin in failing to put the question.

Page 114, line 339--'_He should eat without on the meadow_.' Cf. Book V. p. 154.

Page 115, line 402--'_Did women with wealth o'erburdened_,' _etc._ That gifts of armour and warlike trappings were usual on the part of the lady is evident from many passages, cf. Book II. p. 47 and Book XV. pp. 139, 147, 155.

Page 117, line 460--'_Affinamus of Clitiers_.' This knight has not been named before. The same name occurs in the list of princes overcome by Feirefis, Book XV. p. 154, but it is evidently a different individual. Bartsch suggests that the name is of Greek origin, Clitiers being derived from Clitorium.

Page 117, line 467--'_Then out spake King Lot's son gaily_.' Cf. p. 110, line 225.

Page 120, line 543--'_Thy sister Surdamur_.' Cf. Note to Book XII.

Page 121, line 587--'_Now greeting to whom I owe greeting_.' Bartsch remarks that this love-letter and that addressed by Anflisé to Gamuret,