Book V. p. 150, does Parzival connect the mention with the loss of his

own heritage. This seems to indicate that the special rôle assigned in this poem to the two brothers was not a part of the original story, and has not been perfectly fitted into the framework.

The name of Orilus' wife, Jeschuté, is supposed to be derived from a misunderstanding, Wolfram having interpreted the verb _gisoit_, lay, as a proper name.

Page 77, line 375--'_The knight Plihopleheri_.' A knight of the Round Table mentioned in Hartmann's _Iwein_ (founded on Chrêtien's _Chevalier au Lyon_, the subject-matter of which is the same as that of the Welsh _Lady of the Fountain_).

Page 78, line 409--This shaming of Jeschuté will strongly recall to English readers the story of _Enid and Geraint_.

Page 79, line 437--'_Siguné and Schionatulander_.' The loves of these two are related in Wolfram's unfinished poem of _Titurel_, where the full account of Schionatulander's fatal chase of the hound, or brachet, is given. The adventure with the weeping damsel occurs in other versions of the Perceval legend, but in none does she play so important a part as in the _Parzival_, _vide_ Book V. p. 141; Book IX. p. 252; and Book XVI. Her parentage is given in Book IX. p. 274.

Page 79, line 466--'_Thou art Parzival_.' The interpretation here given of the hero's name betrays clearly its French origin, _Perce-val_. In the Krône of Heinrich von Türlin the writer explains _Val_ as _Thal_=valley, or _Furch_=furrow. Wolfram seems to have understood it in this second sense, and has given the name a symbolic meaning peculiar to himself. In Chrêtien's poem no derivation or interpretation of the name is given, and the hero himself guesses his name; nor do the special terms of endearment, evidently quoted by Wolfram from a French source, occur in Chrêtien's version of the story.

Page 80, line 497--'_'Twas a churl_.' Wolfram's aristocratic contempt for peasants may be noted in other passages, cf. Book II. p. 43, and VII. p. 219.

Page 81, line 517--'_Herr Hartmann von Aue_.' Hartmann von Aue was a famous German poet of the twelfth century. If not absolutely the first to introduce the Arthurian legends into Germany (Eilhart's _Tristan_ is earlier than Hartmann's works), he was the writer who first rendered them popular in that country. His principal poems are _Erec_, written about 1191; and _Iwein_ 1202, both of which are frequently referred to by Wolfram. They were founded on two poems by Chrêtien de Troyes, _Erec_ and _Le Chevalier au Lyon_, but Hartmann was not a mere translator; he handled his materials with considerable skill, and with an insight into the characters and motives of his _dramatis personæ_ which is distinctly a feature of the German presentment of these legends. Enid and her mother Karnafite are characters in the _Erec_. The story of another of Hartmann's poems, _Der arme Heinrich_, is well known to English readers through Longfellow's version of it in _The Golden Legend_.

Page 82, line 534--'_No Kurwenal was his teacher_.' Kurwenal is the friend and tutor of Tristan. In Malory we find the name 'Gouvernail,' and it seems probable that here again we have a term denoting an office converted into a proper name.

Page 82, line 549--'_Ither of Gaheviess_.' Ither = Welsh _Idêr_; Gaheviess = _gas-vies_, old wood. Chrêtien calls him '_de la forêt de Kinkerloi_.'

Page 82, line 544--'_The Red Knight_.' This character is evidently one of the traditional features of the story; though the circumstances of the meeting differ, there is no version without its 'Red Knight.' In those romances of the Grail-cycle in which Perceval has been deposed from his original position as hero in favour of Galahad, we find the latter wearing the armour, and bearing the title, of the Red Knight. Here again Wolfram is the only writer who names him, but it is somewhat startling to find the king of _Cumberland_ claiming _Brittany_. From