CHAPTER XLVI.

ENGLISH LITERATURE AND JOURNALISM.

ENGLISH literature is one of the mainstays of our present civilization. Wherever the English language is spoken or understood, or wherever English thought predominates, English books are read, and the names of English authors are held in reverence. And second only to the power of English books is the power of the English press, which immediately after French journalism, represents the most trained culture and best talent employed in the Fourth Estate of our times.

London ranks, as I have said, in the second place, as far as her journalism is concerned. London journalists have not yet attained that high influence, both social and political, in the State, which is freely yielded to young and middle-aged men whose services are known to be of value on the Parisian journals of ability and circulation.

But the men who think for England, and who write its books, do not need to fear comparison with the same class in any other land in breadth of thought or influence on the masses of mankind. I shall make but a brief mention of a few of England's worthies in the paths of literature, and shall only speak of those who are best known by their works in America.

Twenty-eight years ago, articles of wonderful force, beauty, and breadth of tone, began to appear from some unknown pen, in the literary journals of London. These articles attracted notice from the best minds as they advocated a new and startling theory in art--the theory of Pre-Raphaelitism, as it has since been called. The author of these articles was John Ruskin--since become so famous--then in his twenty-fourth year. Ruskin was the son of a wealthy London merchant, and, unlike most men of genius he has never known any of the bitter struggles of poverty. From his boyhood he has been accustomed to elegance and plenty, the society of refined men and women, and his mind has been enlarged by almost incessant and instructive travel. He was very fond of the true and beautiful in Nature, and it is recorded of him, that when a child he had one favorite spot--Friar's Crag, in Derwentwater, which overhung a lake,--and here he was brought daily by his fond nurse, who secretly gratified the child's taste for the picturesque by allowing him to hang over the brow of the cliff, and when permitted to do so he would gaze for hours with intense joy and mingled awe into the depths of the dark waters below, hanging on by the grassy roots which bloomed on the surface of the cliff. He had always a feeling of awe and heart hunger in the presence of mountains, and, at fifteen years of age, he had ascended the summits of the most elevated hills in England. A landscape delighted him, while belle lettres and mathematics only wearied his retrospective soul. At twenty, his reflective and practical powers had increased by the incessant traveling which he undertook, having visited every European city of note, but in all these travels Venice always remained dear to his heart. At Oxford he was a gentleman-commoner of Christ Church, where he carried off the Newdigate prize for a poem called "Salsette and Elephanta," a fragment now forgotten, and was graduated double fourth class in 1842. Among his teachers in landscape painting, which he loved with all his great heart, he had such men as Copely Fielding, Harding and Prout. His great admiration was for Turner, however, and this love led him to the field of art criticism, in defence of that eminent painter.

[Sidenote: RUSKIN'S LOVE OF THE BEAUTIFUL.]

In 1843, the first volume of Ruskin's "Modern Painters" appeared, and created the greatest sensation. No art critic had yet appeared with such a wealth of language, and such an affluence of imaginative ideas combined with the most striking powers of observation, and an earnestness bordering on enthusiasm. Never thinking beforehand of the subject, his philosophy and criticism consists mostly of brilliant invective, and he is continually involving himself by his inconsistencies, yet, so great was his power, a new school in art was founded by him, with such disciples as Millais, Holman Hunt, and others, equally well known.

He is sometimes diffuse and discursive, and is far behind Henri Taine for perspicuity of style, though far more solid, concentrated, and vigorous, in his blows. The first volumes of Ruskin's "Lamps of Architecture" made their appearance in 1849, and were followed by the first volume of "The Stones of Venice," in 1851, the illustrations in the latter provoking much hostility, but displaying to great advantage his artistic powers. Ruskin has lectured and written on Manufactures, Gothic Architecture, and Painting, and he has said to have realized, by his works the sum of £95,000. He has a careworn face, sloped shoulders, and wavy silken hair. His habits are simple, and it is said that he is Brahminical in his tastes, never touching butcher's meat. His large private fortune enables him to extend his benevolence to struggling students, and others who are in need of assistance. Ruskin has taken up the cause of the workingmen of England with great zeal, and is now in his forty-ninth year.

[Sidenote: FROUDE, THE HISTORIAN.]

Since the death of Macaulay, England has had no successor to that eminent and great man in the field of history, until of late years James Anthony Froude has risen like a meteor to irradiate the dark places and bloody scenes of English history. The author of the "History of England from the Fall of Wolsey," may well claim a niche among the loftiest names who have searched the archives of empire and statecraft. James Anthony Froude comes of a High Church clerical family, and was born at Dartington, Devonshire, April 23, 1818. His father, the late Venerable R.H. Froude, was Archdeacon of Totnes, and young Froude went to Westminster School, the most aristocratic of its kind in England, and afterwards was graduated with high classical honors at Oriel College, Oxford, obtaining the Chancellor's prize for an essay on "Political Economy," and was elected Fellow of Exeter College in 1842.

For some time he was connected with the High Church party led by the Rev. J.H. Newman, and so much was he imbued by its doctrines, that he wrote the "Lives of the English Saints," and took deacon's orders in 1844. He has also written "The Shadows of the Clouds," 1847, and "The Nemesis of Faith," in 1849, both of which works had to undergo the severest condemnation of the University authorities, for the Puseyite opinions broached in their pages.

In 1850, Froude laid the foundation-stone of his fame by a series of articles, chiefly on English History, which were contributed to the _Westminster Review_ and _Frazer's Magazine_, and in 1856 he published the two first volumes of his "History of England." This is his greatest work, in ten volumes, and for clearness of thought, powerful intensity, and acute understanding of those stormy periods of Henry VIII, Elizabeth and Mary, there are few passages in written history to equal Froude's descriptions of the age, and his grand delineations of character. He is, however, prejudicial in many things, and his view of the characters of Mary, Queen of Scots and Queen Elizabeth, is altogether different from the view which all modern historians have taken of these two women.

In 1867, a work entitled "Short Studies on Great Subjects," was published by Mr. Froude, and the historical sketches in this volume are of the most masterly kind in English literature. Mr. Froude is now Editor of _Frazer's Magazine_, whose pages his powerful genius illuminated some twenty years ago. This magazine had formerly for its contributors some of the finest scholars and best thinkers in Britain. _Frazer's Magazine_ is issued by Longmans, Green & Co., Paternoster Row, one of the great publishing houses, and whose business is only rivaled by that of John Murray, McMillan, Sampson, Low & Son, and Smith & Elder, among London booksellers.

Among the contributors to _Frazer_ are Max Muller, F.W. Newman, E. Lynn Linton, Jean Ingelow, Shirley Brooks, R. A. Proctor, Moncure D. Conway, a Massachusetts man, and a personal and intimate friend of Carlyle,--I believe he is to write the biography of that dogmatic old thinker, who has failed to prevent the earth from revolving on its axis, when he is gathered to his fathers, in the little churchyard in Dumfriesshire. William Howard Russell, James Spedding, Frederick Denison Maurice, a liberal clergyman and a professor in London University, and others whom I do not recollect, are contributors to _Frazer_. This magazine contains 134 double-column pages of large print, on fine white paper, and is sold for two shillings and sixpence. The same matter and workmanship could not be sold in America for less than one dollar and twenty-five cents, I am informed. Miss Ingelow, one of its contributors, is by no means a Miss in her teens, being now in her forty-first year, but it is tolerably certain that such delightful verse as hers could not have been written by one who had not endured sorrow and trial. The several editions of her poems have realized for Miss Ingelow the comfortable sum of £8,500, and I was told by a leading London bookseller, that Mr. Froude, whose last article was on "Salmon Fishing in Ireland," sold the copyright on four of his books for £39,000. Miss Ingelow is a Suffolk girl, and rumor says has never married because of a blighted affection in early life.

A worthy successor to Lord Byron, in my opinion, is Algernon Charles Swinburne, the most passionate English poet who has lived for one hundred years. Swinburne is in his twenty-eighth year, and at that early age he has attained for himself a position among the poets of his native land, surpassed by none. For wealth of language, beauteous and fervent passion, and gorgeousness of imagery, Keats alone is his peer. Swinburne is an earnest republican, and sympathizes with revolution in every land. He is a great admirer of Italy. For a poem of one page in an English magazine he received two hundred and fifty pounds, a larger price than was ever paid before in England for a poetical fragment.

[Sidenote: SWINBURNE'S BOYISH DAYS.]

Swinburne, though a republican in sentiment, belongs to one of the oldest Roman Catholic families of Northumberland, and comes from ancestors who have followed the Percy in plate armor against the fierce barons of the House of Douglas. I am sorry to say, however, that the poet does not look like a man who would wear a steel jerkin and hang a battle-axe at his saddle bow. He has long curling hair, a pair of weird fascinating eyes, a loose and slender frame, and a face which does not impress one favorably at first. Take him altogether he seems like a man who might like to recline on a bed of roses, with an Amphora of Falernian by his couch, and half a dozen Syrian damsels to wait on him and hand him flowing bumpers of golden wine.

His boyish days were spent at Eton, and here he was noticed only for his utter dislike to athletic sports, including the darling amusement of every Etonian--I mean the cricket field. He was finished at Oxford, but did not receive his degree from Alma Mater. From the University he went to Florence, and there he contracted a warm friendship for that great gothic and rough-angled character, Walter Savage Landor, which was ardently reciprocated by the latter. Returning to England in 1861 he published the "Queen Mother," and "Rosamond," neither of which attracted much attention. His first great and decided success was in that classic poem "Atalanta in Calydon," published in 1864, when Swinburne had attained his twenty-first year. This poem took the cultivated minds of England by storm, and was followed by "Chastelard," "Poems and Ballads," "Laus Veneris," and a biography of "William Blake," the painter, in quick succession. Since then his copy-rights have amounted to £27,000, so rapid has been the sale of his books. This moneyed success does not, however, prevent the poet from being afflicted with a very penurious spirit, and it is said that he is in the habit of giving waiters and servants sixpences for the pleasure of taking the gifts back.

[Sidenote: JOHN STUART MILL.]

The greatest publicist in England, at this juncture, and the man whose views demand most attention from press and people, after Carlyle, is John Stuart Mill, the eminent writer on Political Economy, who was formerly a clerk in the India House, like Charles Lamb, as his father had been before him. Mr. Mill is now sixty-six years of age, and has lately taken up the cudgel for the Woman's Suffrage party, in England, along with Miss Harriet Martineau, after having exhausted Utilitarianism, Political Economy, Parliamentary Reform, Logical Systems, Auguste Comte, Positivism, Philosophy, and other light and airy subjects. Yet all his great powers of thought did not prevent him from being badly beaten by a Mr. Smith, a news agent, for the representation of the Borough of Westminster, in the late parliamentary elections. Mr. Mill has a grand broad forehead, a pair of deep steadfast eyes, a firm mouth, and is of studious habits. Like all students his oratory in Parliament, when first elected, was more ornate and logical than impressive or forcible. His English is vigorous and sterling, and it must be said of this venerable old man, that his whole life has been devoted to an idea.

The very opposite of John Stuart Mill is Benjamin F. Disraeli, who was born in Bradenham, Buckinghamshire, Dec. 21, 1805. It is more than positive that Mr. Disraeli has never sacrificed any thing for an idea. Mr. Isaac Disraeli, his father, was a Christian, and an author, who had written the "Curiosities of Literature," and the "Amenities of Literature," the latter being a book in which the misfortunes and failings of authors occupy a large space. The grandfather of the great politician was a Jew of the Jews, I believe, and he who is now leader of the Conservative party in the House of Commons, and who was Lord Chancellor of England, has ever had a deep feeling for and faith in Judaism, although he has been for many years the Champion of the Anglican Church. At twenty years of age, Disraeli, who was then as fond of velvet shooting jackets and jewelry as he is now in his old age, or as Dickens was in his prime, began to write novels, and from 1825 to 1881 he had written "Vivian Grey," "The Young Duke," "Henrietta Temple," "Contarini Fleming," "Venetia," "Alroy," and "Coningsby."

In 1837, he entered Parliament, and made a miserable failure as a speaker and was laughed down, but he was not of the stuff to be frightened. Since then he has filled the greatest offices of trust that it is possible for a commoner to fill in England, and at times a radical revolutionist, and then again a most staunch monarchist, he has had greatness of soul enough to refuse a title offered him by the Queen, when he retired from the Cabinet in which he was Prime Minister. The honor tendered him was politely refused with many thanks, but he accepted the title of Viscountess Beaconsfield for his noble and devoted wife, who enriched and has sustained him in all his severest struggles.

It is told of this brave lady, that while accompanying her husband in a carriage to the House one night, Disraeli became lost in thought about a great speech which he was going to make, and the carriage door having closed on one of her fingers, she never uttered a sound of pain until the equippage drove into the Palace yard at Westminster, when the footman jumped down, and she fainted in her husband's arms. One hundred and fifty thousand copies of Disraeli's "Lothair" have been sold, and it is more than probable that the sale will not stop short of 250,000 copies. The bitterest article in review of this book was written in _Blackwood's Magazine_, by Lawrence Oliphant, author of the "Piccadilly Papers by a Peripatetic," in London Society. Mr. Oliphant deserted fashionable London society to found a Communistic association on the shores of Lake Erie, and having accumulated a secretion of gall and wormwood there he went back to England and poured it out on the head of Disraeli.

[Sidenote: CHARLES KINGSLEY.]

The Rev. Charles Kingsley, formerly rector of Eversley and Chaplain in Ordinary to the Queen, and now Dean of Rochester, is the defender of Muscular Christianity in English literature. He is the son of a clergyman, and is descended from the ancient Saxon family of the Kingsleys, of Kingsley, in the Forest of Delamere. He was educated at Kings College, London, and Magdalen College, Cambridge, and is nearly fifty years of age. From his advocacy of the cause of the workingmen he has been called the "Chartist Parson." His chief works are, "Hypatia, or New Foes with Old Faces," "Alexandria and Her Schools," "Westward, Ho," "Two Years ago," and "Hereward, Last of the Saxons." He delivered the "Roman and Teuton Lectures" while professor of Modern History at Cambridge University. He has also written a series of children's books on historical subjects, which are very popular in England. His brother, Henry Kingsley, a novelist of considerable reputation, is eleven years younger, and is a contributor to the _Gentleman's Magazine_, the oldest periodical of its kind in England, which is sold for one shilling.

Anthony Trollope, the most voluminous English novelist now living, was born in 1815, and comes of a literary family, his mother having made a certain sort of fame by her book of American travels which did not redound to her credit. Many years after the issue of Mrs. Trollope's book, her son visited America and sought to redeem the unfavorable impression made by his parent's villification of our people, in his "North America," published in 1861. Anthony Trollope was educated at Winchester and Harrow, and at thirty-two years of age wrote his first novel, "The McDermotts of Ballycloran," a picture of Irish middle class life. Since then he has furnished to the publishers of his works enough material to fill a small library. Many of his genial novels appeared in the _Cornhill Magazine_, which was edited by Thackeray at one time, and subsequently by Frederick Greenwood, who was, during the former's management, a proof reader on the Cornhill, and is now the editor of the _Pall Mall Gazette_, the establishment of which journal was the realization of the dream of Thackeray's life.

James Greenwood, the "Amateur Casual," a brother of Frederick Greenwood, has written a number of books of adventure of the most stirring kind, and was attached to the London _Morning Star_, a penny morning paper, which advocated the cause of the North during the Civil War, and local sketches every alternate day were furnished by him to its columns, for which he received sixteen guineas a week.

Mr. John Morley, whom I have to thank for much courtesy, was editor of the _Star_ during my sojourn in London. He is now editor of the _Fortnightly Review_, with which he was formerly connected. The _Star_ suspended publication about six months ago. I believe John Bright held a stockholding interest in the _Star_ previous to its suspension, and had, on some occasions, directed its editorial opinions.

[Sidenote: THE MAGAZINES.]

Mr. Trollope has an eminently literary look, and wears huge large shaggy whiskers, and a pair of spectacles. His pictures of Irish middle class society and English clerical characters, are the best and truest ever drawn by an British novelist, his Irish characters being infinitely superior to those of Charles Lever, whose heroes swagger and strut in a most atrocious manner. Anthony Trollope has a brother, Thomas Adolphus Trollope, who is also a literary man of considerable note, and is five years the junior of Anthony. Adolphus Trollope resides chiefly in Florence, and has written several works of fiction connected with the very romantic history of that city. The younger Trollope has been twice married. His first wife was an authoress, named Miss Garrow, who died in 1865, and eight months after her decease he was again married to a Miss Ternan, who is now living. That was what an unprejudiced mind might call quick work for a novelist. Anthony Trollope is the editor, and also, I believe, the proprietor of _St. Paul's Magazine_, which is sold for one shilling a number.

The circulation of the numerous London magazines and periodicals is only to be computed by millions. Of course the cheap magazines have the largest circulation, and the cheapest are not by any means the worst edited. The _Temple Bar_ magazine, which was established by George Augustus Sala, a well known correspondent of the _Morning Telegraph_, sells for a shilling, and has among its contributors Mrs. Edwards, Florence Maryatt, Miss Harriet Martineau, who is also a contributor to the _Daily News_, H. Sutherland Edwards, John Holingshead, who was formerly the dramatic critic of the _Daily News_, and is now manager of a London Theatre. The _Brittania Magazine_ is well edited and has original stories and sketches, and sells for sixpence. _Bow Bells Magazine_ is a good local periodical, selling for eightpence, and _Belgravia_, edited by Miss Braddon, sells for one shilling, as does the _St. James_, which is well known for its clever Parliamentary sketches. Cyrus Redding, the famous octogenarian writer on wine culture, was for many years a constant contributor to _Colburn's Monthly_, in which many of William Harrison Ainsworth's sensation serial stories have appeared. Louisa Stuart Costello and her brother Dudley Costello, and Mrs. Ward, for many years contributed to the pages of _Colburn's Monthly_. _Blackwood's Magazine_ is too well known to need any enumeration of its famous writers. _Blackwood's_ sells at two-and-sixpence the number.

_McMillan's Magazine_ is issued at one shilling a number by the publishing house of McMillan & Co., Bedford street, Covent Garden, having 78 double column pages of matter. Among its contributors are Frederick W.H. Myers, Edward Nolan, S. Greg, Thomas A. Lindsay, Dr. Boyce, Edward A. Freeman, Charles Kingsley, Jean Ingelow, Menella Bute Smedley, Mrs. Brotherton, F. Napier Broome, Thomas Hughes, Godfrey Turner, T.W. Robinson, and F.W. Newman. _Cornhill_ is published by Smith, Elder & Co. _All the Year Round_ is edited by Chas. Dickens, Jr., who is rated very high as a sketch writer, and is also well known as a rowing and yachting man. _The London Society Magazine_ is published at 217 Piccadilly, and the most aristocratic of all the London magazines, being beautifully illustrated, and having excellent social, club, and fashionable sketches. The _London Society_ is sold for a shilling, and has a number of lady artists who make drawings for its pages. Watson, W. Brunton, Lionel Henley, Adelaide Claxton, H. Tuck, A. Thompson, and F. Walker, are among the best known artists on this magazine. Walter Thornbury, author of "Haunted London," Lawrence Oliphant, Edmund Yates, and Lascelles Wraxall, are contributors to the _London Society_. The "_Graphic_," the finest illustrated weekly ever published in London, is edited by Arthur Lockyer, who has succeeded its former editor--H. Sutherland Edwards. The circulation of the different magazines is computed as follows:

_Cornhill_, 36,000; _McMillan_, 28,000; _Blackwood_, 39,000; _London Society_, 24,000; _Frazer_, 17,000; _Colburn's Monthly_, 7,500; _Temple Bar_, 19,000; _St. Paul's_, 16,000; _Gentleman's Magazine_, 25,000; _Britannia Magazine_, 26,000; _St. James'_, 15,000, and _Belgravia_, 16,000.

The circulation of the principal critical Weeklies is: _Saturday Review_, sixpence, 38,000; _Spectator_, sixpence, 22,000; _Athenæum_, sixpence, 29,600; _Examiner and London Review_, 13,000. The _Saturday Review_ has forty pages of double-column matter, large print, twelve of which are devoted to advertisements, the remaining pages being taken up with editorials, book reviews, notices of the drama and fine arts. The _Athenæum_ has twenty-two quarto pages of three columns each, ten of which are taken up by advertisements, and the remainder by book reviews, and dramatic, fine art, and scientific notes. The editor of this journal is Sir Charles Wentworth Dilke, M.P., who wrote an excellent book of travel, entitled "Greater Britain." Ruskin and Huxley have been contributors to the _Athenæum_. The _Spectator_ has twenty-eight pages folio, and is chiefly noticeable for its valuable historical studies, and its short and spicy paragraphs on the first four pages of the paper. Any of these weeklies will be sent abroad for the additional cost of a penny stamp.

[Sidenote: THE LONDON TIMES.]

The first number of the _London Times_ was printed January 1, 1788, by John Walter, and the first newspaper printed by steam in Europe was the _Times_ of November 29, 1814. Applegarth and Cowper's four cylindered presses, printing five to eight thousand sheets an hour, were in use by the _Times_ for many years. These were succeeded by Hoe's press with Whithworth's improvement, and now the Bullock press modified, which prints on an endless sheet, is used by the _Times_. The circulation of this, the leading journal of Europe, varies from 57,000 to 65,000 copies a day, and the owner is Mr. Walter, the son of its founder. John Thaddeus Delane, the son of William F.A. Delane, the former financial manager, who has been succeeded by Mowbray Morris, is the editor of the _Times_. He is an Oxford man, and was admitted to the bar in 1847. Since 1839 he has been connected with the _Times_, to whose editorship he succeeded in 1841, on the decease of its then famous editor, Mr. Thomas Barnes. The value of the _Times_ newspaper property has been estimated at three million pounds, or fifteen million dollars. As Thackeray said, its ambassadors are everywhere; one may be seen pricing potatoes at Covent Garden, while another is committing to paper the Cabinet intrigues at Berlin. Among its most celebrated writers have been Barnes, Sterling, Horace Twiss, William Howard Russell, Thackeray, Thomas Noon Talfourd, Baron Alderson, Louis J. Jennings, the American correspondent, now editor of the New York _Times_, and others. Southey was offered the editorial management at a salary of £2,000 a year, and the same offer was made to Thomas Moore, the poet, but both declined acceptance. The _Times_, with supplement, has seventy-two columns of matter, on sixteen pages, and 2,250 advertisements have been inserted in one day's issue, seven tons of paper, with a surface of thirty acres, and seven tons of type, being used.

[Sidenote: CIRCULATION OF JOURNALS.]

The circulation and prices of the leading London journals, are as follows: _Times_, 65,000, four pence; _Daily News_, 48,000, one penny; _Daily Telegraph_, 175,000, one penny; _Morning and Evening Standard_, 80,000, one penny; _Morning Advertiser_ (rumseller's organ), 35,000, one penny; _Pall Mall Gazette_ (evening), 30,000, one penny; _Echo_ (evening), 75,000, one penny; _Globe_ (evening), 8,000, one penny; _Punch_ (weekly), 55,000, six pence; _Illustrated London News_, 60,000, four pence; _Graphic_, 80,000, six pence; _Bell's Life_ (sporting), Wednesday and Saturday, 66,000, one penny; _The Field_ (sporting, weekly), 18,000, six pence; _Lloyd's Weekly Newspaper_ (Sunday), 140,000, one penny; _Weekly Times_ (Sunday)--owned by _London Journal_, which has a circulation of 200,000--110,000, one penny; _Cassell's Weekly Magazine_, 90,000, _Weekly Dispatch_ (Sunday), 215,000, two pence; _Reynold's Newspaper_ (Sunday), 280,000, one penny; _Jewish Record_ (weekly), one penny, 7,500; _Tablet_ (Catholic weekly), four pence, 36,000.

The _Morning Telegraph_ is the most popular daily newspaper in the world. During periods of great excitement its circulation increases to over 200,000 copies a day, and it takes four ten-cylinder, and four six-cylinder Hoe's presses, to strike off its daily editions. The correspondent of the _Telegraph_ at Paris, Mr. Whitehurst, is hand and glove with Napoleon, and his salary amounts to £10,000, with a horse and brougham thrown in. The editor of the _Telegraph_ is Thornton Hunt, son of Leigh Hunt, who was for twenty years on the staff of the _Spectator_. The sub-editor of the _Telegraph_, for they have no managing editors in England, is Mr. Ralph Harrison, to whom I am much indebted for courtesies received. The owner of the _Telegraph_ is a Hebrew gentleman named Levy. The _Daily News_ is owned by the Liberation Society, a Dissenters' association, and is edited I believe, by Mr. Edward Dicey, formerly a special correspondent of the _Telegraph_, who went to Suez for that journal. Tom Hood, son of the poet, was editor of the _Tomahawk_ formerly, and lately of the _Latest News_, a penny Saturday paper, and Arthur A. Becket has edited _Fun_. James Grant is now editor of the _Morning Advertiser_, at a salary of fifty pounds a week, and Blanchard Jerrold receives £800 a year for editing _Lloyds' Weekly_. The salaries of editors on the London press vary from fifteen to fifty pounds a week, according to the ability displayed, and the circumstances of the journal on which they are employed.