Part 1

OUTA KAREL'S STORIES

South African Folk-Lore Tales

By SANNI METELERKAMP

With illustrations by Constance Penstone

Macmillan and Co., Limited St. Martin's Street, London 1914

To all children young and old who love a folk-lore story

FOREWORD.

My thanks are due to Dr. Maitland Park, Editor of The Cape Times, and Adv. B. K. Long, M.L.A., Editor of The State, for their kind permission to republish such of these tales as have appeared in their papers.

For the leading idea in "The Sun" and "The Stars and the Stars' Road," I gladly acknowledge my indebtedness to that monument of patient labour and research, "Specimens of Bushman Folk-lore," by the late Dr. Bleek and Miss Lucy Lloyd.

Further, I lay no claim to originality for any of the stories in this collection--at best a very small proportion of a vast store from which the story-teller of the future may draw, embodying the superstitions, the crude conceptions, the childish ideas of a primitive and rapidly disappearing people. They are known in some form or other wherever the negro has set foot, and are the common property of every country child in South Africa.

I greatly regret that they appear here in what is, to them, a foreign tongue. No one who has not heard them in the Taal--that quaint, expressive language of the people--can have any idea of what they lose through translation, but, having been written in the first instance for English publications, the original medium was out of the question.

Clear cold evenings, with a pleasant tang of frost in the air, figure here and there in these pages, but as I write other scenes, too, flit across the lighted screen of Memory--noontides of tropic heat with all the world sunk in a languorous slumber, glowing sunsets, throbbing summer nights when the stars seemed to tremble almost within one's reach, moonlit spaces filled with soft mystery and the thousand seductive voices of the pulsing southern night. And always, part and parcel of the passing panorama, the quaint figure of the old Native with his little masters....

It is nearly three years now since "Old Friend Death" took him gently by the hand and led him away to that far, far country of which he had such vague ideas, so he tells no more stories by the firelight in the gloaming; and his little masters--children no longer--are claimed by graver tasks and wider interests. But in the hope that others, both little ones and children of a larger growth, may find the same pleasure in these tales of a childlike race, they are sent out to find their own level and take their chance in the workaday world.

S. M.

Cape Town, January, 1914.

CONTENTS.

Page I. The Place and the People 1 II. How Jakhals Fed Oom Leeuw 12 III. Who was King? 29 IV. Why the Hyena is Lame 43 V. Who was the Thief? 47 VI. The Sun 54 VII. The Stars and the Stars' Road 63 VIII. Why the Hare's Nose is Slit 70 IX. How the Jackal got his Stripe 78 X. The Animals' Dam 88 XI. Saved by his Tail 101 XII. The Flying Lion 108 XIII. Why the Heron has a Crooked Neck 118 XIV. The Little Red Tortoise 128 XV. The Ostrich Hunt 139

ILLUSTRATIONS.

Page Outa Karel and Little Jan--The Little Red Tortoise Frontispiece "The Stars' Road" 64 "The women with their babies on their backs, flew" 81 The punishment of Broer Babiaan 99 "'Do you know, little Red Tortoise, in one moment I could swallow you.'" 136 "The Ostriches ran faster and faster" 144

GLOSSARY.

Awa-skin, skin slung across the back to carry babies in. Askoekies, cakes baked in the ash.

Baas, master. Baasje (pronounced Baasie), little master. Babiaan, baboon. Berg schilpad, mountain tortoise. Biltong, strips of sun-dried meat. Bolmakissie, head over heels. Bossies, bushes. Broer, brother. Buchu, an aromatic veld herb.

Carbonaatje, grilled chop.

Dassie, rock-rabbit.

Eintje, an edible veld root.

Gezondheid! Your health!

Haasje, little hare. Hamel, wether.

Jakhals draaie, tricky turns.

Kaross, skin rug. Kierie, a thick stick. Klein koning, little king. Kneehaltered, hobbled. Kopdoek, turban. Kopje, hill. Krantz, precipice. Kraal, enclosure.

Lammervanger, eagle. Leeuw, lion.

Maanhaar, mane. Mensevreter, cannibal.

Neef, nephew. Nooi, lady or mistress. Nonnie, young lady, miss.

Oom, uncle. Outa, old man, prefix to the name of old natives.

Pronk, show off.

Reijer, heron. Riem, leathern thong. Rustband, couch.

Sassaby or Sessebe, a South African antelope. Schelm, rogue; sly. Schilpad, tortoise. Sjambok, whip of rhino or hippo hide. Skraal windje, fine cutting wind. Skrik, to be startled; also fright. Slim, cunningly clever. Smouse, pedlar. Soopje, tot.

Taai, tough. Tante, aunt. Tarentaal, Guinea fowl. Tover, toverij, witchcraft.

Vaabond, vagabond. Vlakte, plain. Voertsed, jumping aside suddenly and violently. Volk, coloured farm labourers. Volstruis, ostrich. Vrouw, wife. Vrouwmens, woman.

Zandkruiper, sand-crawler.

I.

THE PLACE AND THE PEOPLE.

It was winter in the Great Karroo. The evening air was so crisp and cutting that one seemed to hear the crick-crack of the frost, as it formed on the scant vegetation. A skraal windje blew from the distant mountains, bringing with it a mingled odour of karroo-bush, sheep-kraals, and smoke from the Kafir huts--none, perhaps, desirable in itself, but all so blent and purified in that rare, clear atmosphere, and so subservient to the exhilarating freshness, that Pietie van der Merwe took several sniffs of pleasure as he peered into the pale moonlight over the lower half of the divided door. Then, with a little involuntary shiver, he closed the upper portion and turned to the ruddy warmth of the purring fire, which Willem was feeding with mealie-cobs from the basket beside him.

Little Jan sat in the corner of the wide, old-fashioned rustbank, his large grey eyes gazing wistfully into the red heart of the fire, while his hand absently stroked Torry, the fox terrier, curled up beside him.

Mother, in her big Madeira chair at the side table, yawned a little over her book; for, winter or summer, the mistress of a karroo farm leads a busy life, and the end of the day finds her ready for a well-earned rest.

Pietie held his hands towards the blaze, turning his head now and again towards the door at the far end of the room. Presently this opened and father appeared, comfortably and leisurely, as if such things as shearing, dipping, and ploughing were no part of his day's work. Only the healthy tan, the broad shoulders, the whole well-developed physique proclaimed his strenuous, open-air life. His eye rested with pleasure on the scene before him--the bright fire, throwing gleam and shadow on painted wall and polished woodwork, and giving a general air of cosiness to everything; the table spread for the evening meal; the group at the fireside; and his dear helpmate who was responsible for the comfort and happiness of his well-appointed home.

He was followed in a moment by Cousin Minnie, the bright-faced young governess. Their coming caused a stir among the children. Little Jan slowly withdrew his gaze from the fire, and, with more energy than might have been expected from his dreamy look, pushed and prodded the sleeping terrier along the rustbank so as to make room for Cousin Minnie.

Pietie sprang to his father's side. "Now may I go and call Outa Karel?" he asked eagerly, and at an acquiescent "Yes, my boy," away he sped.

It was a strange figure that came at his bidding, shuffling, stooping, halting, and finally emerging into the firelight. A stranger might have been forgiven for fleeing in terror, for the new arrival looked like nothing so much as an ancient and muscular gorilla in man's clothes, and walking uncertainly on its hind legs.

He was not quite four feet in height, with shoulders and hips disproportionately broad, and long arms, the hands of which reached midway between knee and ankle. His lower limbs were clothed in nondescript garments fashioned from wildcat and dassie skins; a faded brown coat, which from its size had evidently once belonged to his master, hung nearly to his knees; while, when he removed his shapeless felt hat, a red kopdoek was seen to be wound tightly round his head. No one had ever seen Outa Karel without his kopdoek, but it was reported that the head it covered was as smooth and devoid of hair as an ostrich egg.

His yellow-brown face was a network of wrinkles, across which his flat nose sprawled broadly between high cheekbones; his eyes, sunk far back into his head, glittered dark and beady like the little wicked eyes of a snake peeping from the shadow of a hole in the rocks. His wide mouth twisted itself into an engaging grin, which extended from ear to ear, as, winking and blinking his bright little eyes, he twirled his old hat in his claw-like hands and tried to make obeisance to his master and mistress.

The attempt was unsuccessful on account of the stiffness of his joints, but it never failed to amuse those who, times without number, had seen it repeated. To those who witnessed it for the first time it was something to be remembered--the grotesque, disproportionate form; the ape-like face, that yet was so curiously human; the humour and kindness that gleamed from the cavernous eyes, which seemed designed to express only malevolence and cunning; the long waving arms and crooked fingers; the yellow skin for all the world like a crumpled sheet of india-rubber pulled in a dozen different directions.

That he was a consummate actor, and, not to put too fine a point on it, an old humbug of the first water, goes without saying, for these characteristics are inherent in the native nature. But in spite of this, and the uncanniness of his appearance, there was something about Outa Karel that drew one to him. Of his real devotion to his master and the "beautiful family Van der Merwe," there could be no question; while, above everything, was the feeling that here was one of an outcast race, one of the few of the original inhabitants who had survived the submerging tide of civilization; who, knowing no law but that of possession, had been scared and chased from their happy hunting grounds, first by the Hottentots, then by the powerful Bantu, and later by the still more terrifying palefaced tribes from over the seas. Though the origin of the Bushman is lost in the mists of antiquity, the Hottentot conquest of him is a matter of history, and it is well known that the victors were in the habit, while killing off the men, to take unto themselves wives from among the women of the vanquished race. Hence the fact that a perfect specimen of a Bushman is a rara avis, even in the localities where the last remnants are known to linger.

Outa Karel could hardly be called a perfect specimen of the original race, for, though he always spoke of himself as wholly Bushman, there was a strong strain of the Hottentot about him, chiefly noticeable in his build.

He spoke in Dutch, in the curiously expressive voice belonging to these people, just now honey-sweet with the deference he felt for his superiors.

"Ach toch! Night, Baas. Night, Nooi. Night, Nonnie and my little baasjes. Excuse that this old Bushman does not bend to greet you; the will is there, but his knees are too stiff. Thank you, thank you, my baasje," as Pietie dragged a low stool, covered with springbok skin, from under the desk in the recess and pushed it towards him. He settled himself on it slowly and carefully, with much creaking of joints and many strange native ejaculations.

The little group had arranged itself anew. Cousin Minnie was in the cosy corner of the rustbank near the wall, little Jan next her with his head against her, and Torry's head on his lap--this attention to make up for his late seeming unkindness in pushing him away.

Pappa, with his magazine, was at the other end of the rustbank where he could, if he chose, speak to Mamma in a low tone, or peep over to see how her book was getting on. Willem had pushed the basket away so as to settle himself more comfortably against Cousin Minnie's knee as he sat on the floor, and Pietie was on a small chair just in front of the fire.

The centre of attention was the quaint old native, who, having relegated his duties to his children and grandchildren, lived as a privileged pensioner in the van der Merwe family he had served so faithfully for three generations. The firelight played over his quaint figure with the weirdest effect, lighting up now one portion of it, now another, showing up his astonishingly small hands and crooked fingers, as he pointed and gesticulated incessantly--for these people speak as much by gesture as by sound--and throwing exaggerated shadows on the wall.

This was the hour beloved by the children, when the short wintry day had ended, and, in the interval between the coming of darkness and the evening meal, their dear Outa Karel was allowed in to tell them stories.

And weird and wonderful stories they were--tales of spooks and giants, of good and bad spirits, of animals that talked, of birds, beasts and insects that exercised marvellous influence over the destinies of unsuspecting mankind. But most thrilling of all, perhaps, were Outa Karel's personal experiences--adventures by veld and krantz with lion, tiger, jackal and crocodile, such as no longer fall to the lot of mortal man.

The children would listen, wide-eyed and breathless, and even their elders, sparing a moment's attention from book or writing, would feel a tremor of excitement, unable to determine where reality ended and fiction began, so inextricably were they intermingled as this old Iago of the desert wove his romances.

"Now, Outa, tell us a nice story, the nicest you know," said little Jan, nestling closer to Cousin Minnie, and issuing his command as the autocrat of the "One Thousand and One Nights" might have done.

"Ach! but klein baas, this stupid old black one knows no new stories, only the old ones of Jakhals and Leeuw, and how can he tell even those when his throat is dry--ach, so dry with the dust from the kraals?"

He forced a gurgling cough, and his small eyes glittered expectantly. Then suddenly he started with well-feigned surprise and beamed on Pietie, who stood beside him with a soopje in the glass kept for his especial use.

This was a nightly performance. The lubrication was never forgotten, but it was often purposely delayed in order to see what pretext Outa would use to call attention to the fact of its not having been offered. Sore throat, headache, stomach-ache, cold, heat, rheumatism, old age, a birthday (invented for the occasion), the killing of a snake or the breaking-in of a young horse--anything served as an excuse for what was a time-honoured custom.

"Thank you, thank you, mij klein koning. Gezondheid to Baas, Nooi, Nonnie, and the beautiful family van der Merwe." He lifted the glass, gulped down the contents, and smacked his lips approvingly. "Ach! if a Bushman only had a neck like an ostrich! How good would the soopje taste all the way down! Now I am strong again; now I am ready to tell the story of Jakhals and Oom Leeuw."

"About Oom Leeuw carrying Jakhals on his back?" asked Willem.

"No, baasje. This is quite a different one."

And with many strange gesticulations, imitating every action and changing his voice to suit the various characters, the old man began:

II.

HOW JAKHALS FED OOM LEEUW.

"One day in the early morning, before any people were awake, Jakhals was prowling round and prowling round, looking for something to eat. Jakhals is not fond of hunting for himself. Oh, no! he likes to wait till the hunt is over, so that he can share in the feast without having had any of the work. He had just dragged himself quietly to the top of a kopje--so, my baasjes, so--with his stomach close to the ground, and his ears moving backwards and forwards"--Outa's little hands, on either side of the kopdoek, suited the action to the word--"to hear the least sound. Then he looked here, he looked there, he looked all around, and yes, truly! whom do you think he saw in the kloof below? No other than Oom Leeuw himself, clawing a nice big hamel he had just killed--a Boer hamel, baasjes, with a beautiful fat tail. Oh yes, Oom Leeuw had picked out a good one.

"'Arré!' thought Jakhals, 'this is luck,' and he sat still for a minute, wondering how he could get some of the nice meat for himself. He soon made a plan. A white thing fluttered in a little bush near him. It was a piece of paper. He picked it up and folded it--so--and so--and so--" the crooked fingers were very busy--"till it looked like a letter. Then he ran down the kopje in a great hurry and called out, 'Good morning, Oom.'

"'Morning, Neef.'

"'I see Oom has killed a Boer hamel.'

"'Yes, Neef, a big fat one.'

"'Well, here is a letter from Tante,' said Jakhals, giving the piece of paper to Leeuw. 'As I was passing she asked me to give it to Oom.'

"Leeuw took it and turned it this way, that way. He held it far from him, he held it close to his eyes, but he couldn't make it out at all. See, baasjes, Leeuw was one of the old-fashioned sort. He grew up before there were so many schools and good teachers"--here Outa's bright eyes winked and blinked flatteringly on Cousin Minnie and her pupils--"he was not clever; he could not read. But he didn't want anyone to know it, so he said:

"'Jakhals, Oom has forgotten his spectacles; you had better read it out."

"'Hm, hm, hm,' said Jakhals, pretending to read. 'Tante says Oom must kill a nice fat Boer hamel and send it home at once by me. She and the children are hungry.'

"'Well, that's all right. Here is the very thing. Tante is not very well. The Jew smouse's donkey she ate the other day disagreed with her, so we must coax her a little. I don't want to say anything, but you know a vrouwmens is a dangerous thing when she is in a temper. So you had better take this hamel to her at once, and then you can have the offal for your trouble."

"'Thank you, noble Oom, King of Beasts,' said Jakhals in a fawning voice, promising himself at the same time that he would have something more than the offal. 'How fortunate am I, poor humble creature, to have the King for my uncle,' and off he trotted with the sheep.

"Leeuw prowled further up the kloof, waving his tail from side to side." Had Outa had a tail he would have wagged it, but, as he had not, his right arm was slowly flourished to and fro to give point to his description. "Here comes a little Steenbokje on its way to a veld dam for water. Ach! but it is pretty! It looks here, it looks there, with its large soft eyes. One little front foot is in the air; now it is down; the other goes up; down again. On it comes, slowly, slowly"--Outa's hands, bunched up to resemble the buck's feet, illustrated each step, the children following his movements with breathless interest. "Now it stops to listen." Outa was rigid as he bent forward to catch the least sound. Suddenly he started violently, and the children involuntarily did the same. "Hark! what was that? What is coming? Ach! how Steenbokje skriks and shivers! A terrible form blocks the way! Great eyes--cruel eyes burn him with their fire. Now he knows. It is Leeuw!--Leeuw who stands in the path! He growls and glares at Steenbokje. Steenbokje cannot turn away. They stare at each other--so--just so--" Outa glares at each fascinated child in turn. "Steenbokje cannot look away, cannot move. He is stiff with fright. His blood is cold. His eyes are starting out of his head. And then--voops!"--the listeners jump as Outa's long arms suddenly swoop towards them--"one spring and Leeuw is on him. Steenbokje blares--meh, meh, meh--but it is no good. Leeuw tears him and claws him. Tip, tip, tip, the red blood drips down; s-s-s-s-s, it runs out like a stream, and Leeuw licks it up. There lies pretty little Steenbokje, dead, dead." Outa's voice trails away faintly.

The children heave big sighs. Little Jan's grey eyes are full of tears. The old native's graphic description has made them feel as though they had been watching round a death-bed.

"Yes, baasjes, Leeuw killed Steenbokje there in the kloof. He tore the skin off--skr-r-r-r--and bit through the bones--skrnch, skrnch, skrnch--and ate little Steenbokje for his breakfast. Then he went to the krantzes to sleep, for the day was coming and the light began to hurt his eyes.

"When he awoke it was evening, and he felt refreshed and rather hungry. My baasjes know a steenbokje is nothing for a meal for Oom Leeuw. But before hunting again he thought he would go home and see how Tante and the children were getting on, and whether they had feasted well on the nice fat hamel.

"But, dear land! What did poor Oom Leeuw find? The children crying, Tante spluttering and scratching with rage, everything upside down, and not even the bones of the hamel to be seen.

"'Ohé! ohé! ohé!' cried Tante. 'The bad, wicked Jakhals! Ach, the low, veld dog!'

"'But what is the matter?' asked Leeuw. 'Where is Jakhals?'

"'Where is he? How should I know? He has run off with the nice fat hamel, and me--yes, me, the King's wife--has he beaten with the entrails! Ohé! ohé!'

"'And boxed my ears!' cried one of the cubs. 'Wah! wah! wah!'

"'And pinched my tail,' roared the other. 'Weh! weh! weh!'

"'And left us nothing but the offal. Oh, the cunning, smooth-tongued vagabond!'

"And all three fell to weeping and wailing, while Leeuw roared aloud in his anger.

"'Wait a bit, I'll get him,' he said. 'Before the world wakes to-morrow he'll see who's baas.'

"He waved his tail to and fro and stuck out his strong claws. His eyes glared like fire in a dark kloof when there is no moon, and when he brulled it was very terrible to hear--hoor-r-r-r-r, hoor-r-r-r-r," and Outa gave vent to several deep, blood-curdling roars.

"Very early the next morning, when only a little grey in the sky shewed that the night was rolling round to the other side of the world, Leeuw took his strongest sjambok and started off to look for Jakhals. He spied him at last on the top of a krantz sitting by a fire with his wife and children.

"'Ah! there you are, my fine fellow,' he thought. 'Well and happy are you? But wait, I'll soon show you!'

"He began at once to try and climb the krantz, but it was very steep and high, and so smooth that there was nothing for him to hold to. Every time he got up a little way, his claws just scratched along the hard rock and he came sailing down again. At last he thought, 'Well, as I can't climb up, I'll pretend to be nice and friendly, and then perhaps Jakhals will come down. I'll ask him to go hunting with me.'"

Here Outa's beady little eyes danced mischievously. "Baasjes know, the only way to get the better of a schelm is to be schelm, too. When anyone cheats, you must cheat more, or you will never be baas. Ach, yes! that is the only way."

(Cousin Minnie would not disturb the course of the tale, but she mentally prescribed and stored up for future use an antidote to this pagan and wordly-wise piece of advice to her pupils.)

"So Leeuw stood at the foot of the krantz and called out quite friendly and kind, 'Good morning, Neef Jakhals.'

"'Morning, Oom.'

"'I thought you might like to go hunting with me, but I see you are busy.'