Organization: How Armies are Formed for War

1. Mounted Infantry 32 2. Mountain Infantry 33 3. Mountain Artillery 34 4. Machine Guns 34 5. Cavalry Pioneers 35 6. Cyclists and Motor Cars 36 7. Scouts 37 8. Field Orderlies 3...

Composition of Head-Quarters 54 The General Staff 57 The Adjutant-General’s Branch 59 The Quarter-Master-General’s Branch 59 Staff of Subordinate Commands 60 Importance of the S...

Their Object and Utility 62 States and Returns 65 Reinforcements 66 Evils of Improvised Organizations 68 Importance of Preserving Original Organization 69 The _Ordre de Bataille...

Their Directors 88 Organization of the Lines of Communication 90 The Main Services, having Units with the Fighting Troops 92 1. Service of Inter-communication 92 2. Transport 97...

5. The Veterinary Service 111 6. The Ordnance Service 112 7. The Railway Services 115 8. The Works Service 116 9. The Postal Service 117 10. The Accounts Department 118 11. The...

Normal War Organization 140 Organization of each Army 141 1. GERMANY 141 2. FRANCE 145 3. RUSSIA 147 4. AUSTRIA-HUNGARY 148 5. ITALY 150 6. JAPAN 151 7. SWITZERLAND 152 8. UNITE...

THE ARTILLERY 199 Early Origins--the Artillery Train 200 Battalion Guns--Heavy Guns 201 Improvement in Artillery Organization under Frederick 202 Horse Artillery--Batteries form...

Changes in the Wars following the French Revolution 215 Divisions--Army Corps 215 Details of Napoleon’s Organization 218 Composition and Strength of his Army Corps 219 Prussian...

1. The Staff 225 The General Staff 228 Napoleon’s Staff 230 Prussian Staff in 1870 231 2. The Supply and Transport Services 232 3. The Medical Organization for War 234

A.G. Adjutant-General. Q.M.G. Quarter-Master-General. C.-in-C. Commander-in-Chief. A.D.C. Aide de Camp. N.C.O. Non-Commissioned Officer. Q.M.S. Quarter-Master-Sergeant. A.S.C. A...

In the British Field Service Regulations of 1909, Part ii., chap. ii., par. 1, it is stated that the main object of War Organization is to provide the Commander-in-Chief of the...

Military Forces are of two distinct categories: _Fighting Troops_, which carry out the actual operations; _Administrative Services_, whose function is to provide the Fighting Tr...

The formations in which each Arm is independently organized constitute the _tactical units_ of an Army. Their strength and organization are intimately connected with the way in...

It was mentioned in Chapter II. that of late years there have been added to modern armies a number of new varieties of troops, which it is not possible to group under the old he...

The Larger Formations are formed by combining in one body a number of the Smaller Formations composed of Units of each Arm, together with the Administrative Units required for t...

Each of the various formations of Troops just described is completed by appointing its Commander and providing him with a _Staff_--that is, a body of Staff Officers to assist hi...

The previous chapters, describing the Units of the various Arms, and their grouping into the larger Formations, give only the broad lines of the organization of the Army. The de...

The British Troops organized for service in the field consist of the _Expeditionary Force_, formed by the Regular Army and its Reserves, and the _Territorial Force_, composed of...

A description will now be given of the organization of the British Administrative Services designed for the Expeditionary Force of six Divisions with a Cavalry Division and two...

This Service is under its Director, who has a Veterinary Officer to assist him. A Veterinary Officer is allotted to each Division and to the L. of C. Each of the above officers...

A British “Second Line Army” is provided by the Territorial Force. It consists of 14 Divisions, 14 Mounted Brigades, and certain “Army Troops.” These are organized on the same l...

The most recent developments of Organization are well illustrated in that of the British Army, which has been lately reorganized in accordance with the trend of modern views as...

The great importance of _Railways_ on the L. of C. has been fully realized. British war experience has of late been considerable, and the personnel required for working railways...

The organization of foreign armies differs considerably from that of the British Army. They are, however, all formed on the German model, with the exception of the Army of the U...

It may be of interest to glance at the strength of the Forces which the chief military nations will put into the field at the outbreak of war. The strength depends essentially o...

This interesting subject can only be treated very cursorily, but it is hoped to present a general view of the developments which have taken place in the organization of armies i...

The organization of armies in the ancient world, or in Asia in more recent times, must be regarded as beyond the scope of this work. The history of Organization will be taken up...

During the sixteenth century, foot soldiers began to be called _Infantry_ (French _Infanterie_), after the practice of the Italian _Condottieri_, who used to call their soldiers...

Modern Cavalry has perhaps but slight claim to be descended from feudal Chivalry. The Man-at-Arms, the fully armoured Knight, with his mounted retinue of a squire, a page, and a...

The early history of the Engineers and the Artillery in England may be traced in the continued existence, from the Conqueror to Henry VIII., of a high official called in Latin d...

The Swedish Army under Gustavus proved so effective and successful in the Thirty Years’ War that it became the model for the organization common to all armies during the sevente...

At the close of the eighteenth century, during the wars brought on by the French Revolution, a great change in organization took place. France, with her old army shattered by th...

The origin of the Staff must be looked for in the earliest European organization, that of the Reiters and Landsknechts in Germany about A.D. 1500, and in the armies of Maurice a...

This work will now conclude with some remarks on the nature of Military Command, the methods by which it is exercised, and the psychological characteristics of soldiers and thei...

An Army in action is a special instance of what may be termed a _dynamic crowd_--that is, an assemblage of men united for common action and inspired by the same ideas and desire...