Part 42
"In the following year, 1882, the Arrears of Rent Act was secured by the Irish parliamentary party under the leadership of Parnell, and that measure wiped off the slate in some cases ten years of unpaid rents and in others less. The act certainly benefited the people of Ireland to the extent of at least $15,000,000. Thus the rent question was placed upon a fair judicial basis and extortion was impossible as long as the tenant could appeal to a tribunal constituted for that very purpose against unfair and unjust claims by his landlord. What are known as 'judicial rents'--that is, rents fixed by such courts and based upon the quality, the value, and the productive capacity of the land--have since prevailed very generally throughout Ireland, and they are now being used as the basis for calculating the selling price of the farms that are being purchased by the tenants on the big estates under the Land Act of 1903.
"In 1883 was passed what is known as the Act for the Building of Cottages for the Laborers of Ireland. The benefits of that measure can never be calculated. Under its authority nearly twenty-five thousand comfortable and neat cottages have been built for laborers throughout the whole country, and the miserable habitations, hovels of stone with leaky straw roofs, in which thousands of honest, hard-working peasants have been compelled to live, have been torn down and replaced with such buildings as you see in the picture, with walls of cement and roofs of slate. In addition to the improvement in their habitations, an acre of land is given with each cottage on which it is possible for the laborer to raise vegetables sufficient for his household. No estimate in money can possibly be made of the benefits that the people of Ireland have enjoyed from that act.
"In 1885 the Irish party secured the passage of the first Land Purchase Act and followed it up by winning the acts of 1888 and 1891, which went farther and still farther and benefited the country to the amount of at least one hundred and forty millions of dollars.
"Next came the Act for the Establishment of the Congested Districts Board," continued Mr. Johnston, "expressly to deal with what are known as the congested areas of Ireland. These districts are not thickly settled, like Belgium, as one might have comparatively few population, but altogether more than the land will support. These are mountain districts along the rocky shores of the Atlantic Ocean where it is possible to raise a few cattle and goats that can find pasture in the narrow little valleys and up the mountain sides, but where there is seldom enough arable soil in a single patch to support an ordinary family. For these reasons it is difficult for the most industrious men to make a living there, and the inhabitants are the poorest, the most ill-nourished, and the most miserable in all the land.
"The Congested Districts Board was instructed to buy all the lands it found necessary in such places, moving some of the inhabitants to other sections of Ireland, where they would be able to make a living, and distributing the lands among those that remained in allotments sufficiently large to enable them to live. In deserving cases the board is authorized to build comfortable houses to replace the wretched hovels, to restock the farms, to purchase implements where they are needed, to provide seed, and do whatever is necessary to give the family a fair start and enable them to enjoy the results of their labors. The board is also empowered to build new houses upon the locations selected for the families which are moved, and has done so in many cases. You will see in these photographs the character of the cabins that were formerly occupied by the poor people in the congested districts and the character of those which have been built to replace them, by the board."
Mr. Johnston showed me an object lesson in the form of a photograph of a cottage in County Meath for which a rental of fifteen dollars a year has been paid by the tenant for many years. It has a single room, a mud floor, a thatched roof of straw, and is entirely without the simplest conveniences or comforts. He showed me another photograph of a cottage built under the Laborers' Act of 1906, which is now occupied by the same family with the same rent of fifteen dollars a year, with an acre of ground attached to it as a garden. It is a one-story structure of four rooms, with two fireplaces, three windows on each side, a slate roof, and walls of concrete.
He also showed me a picture of the miserable hovel from which Bernard King was evicted in 1902. It stands on the De Freyne estate, near the town of Feigh, County Roscommon. King made a stubborn defense of his home, but the police finally ejected him. The Estates Commissioners have put him back, and in place of the miserable hut from which he was evicted, they have built him a neat two-story six-room cottage that is good enough for anybody to live in. There could not be any better illustration of the benefits of the evicted Tenants' Act, and this is a type of some two thousand cases.
This humane work will be continued as long and as rapidly as the funds furnished by the British parliament will permit, and it is difficult to conceive of more direct and comprehensive benevolence. Ireland is thus being gradually redeemed, and although conditions are by no means ideal, the improvement during the last decade is a matter of congratulation to every Irishman and every sympathizer of the Irish race.
THE END
INDEX
Aberdeen, Earl of, 34, 44, 54, 154. Lady, 34.
Absentee landlords, 133.
Academy, Royal Irish, 91.
"Adair, Robin," 271.
Adare Manor, 429.
Adare, Village of, 428.
Addison in Ireland, 90.
Adrian IV, Pope, 280.
Agricultural, Department, 13, 38, 404. education, 404. Organization Society, 13, 410. statistics, 251.
Agriculture in Ireland, 209.
Alexander, Archbishop, 189.
All Hallows College, 143.
American bacon, 417. flour, 417.
Anderson, R.A., Secretary Irish Agricultural Organization Society, 412.
Anecdotes, 260, 463.
"Annals of the Four Masters," 169, 171, 186, 195, 410.
Annals of Ulster, 196.
Antrim County, 209.
Archbishops of Ireland, 148, 189.
Area of Ireland, 130.
Ardilaun, Lord, 16, 348, 357, 384.
Ard-Ri, The Irish, 174.
Ark of the Covenant, 177.
Armagh, Book of, 195. Cathedral, 192. City of, 188.
Art education, 406. gallery, 93.
Askeaton Abbey, 427. Village of, 425.
Assassination of Cavendish and Burke, 96.
Automobiles in Ireland, 269.
Avoca, Vale of, 271.
Bailey, W.F., Land Com'r, 62, 130.
Balbriggan factories, 162.
Balfe, M.W., memorial, 18.
"Bally,"--use of the word, 266.
Ballyhack, Village of, 286.
Banks, Coöperative, 414.
Bannow, Ancient town of, 278.
Bantry, Bay of, 353, 355.
Bards, The Irish, 267.
Barry, Arthur Hugh Smith, 296.
Barrymore, Lord, 296.
Bassilia de Clare, 278, 281.
Battle of Clontarf, 123.
Battle of the Boyne, 167, 213.
Beggars, Irish, 283.
Belfast, Castle, 217. City Hall, 227. City of, 21, 231. population of, 222. Presbyterians of, 223. Religion in, 223. rope walk, 235. shipyards, 236. Technical School, 230.
Benevolence of British Government, 460.
Beresford, Archbishop, 193. family, 287. Lord Charles, 284. William, 288.
Betting in Ireland, 305.
Birmingham, George A., the author, 454.
Birr Castle Observatory, 10.
Birrell, Augustine, 35.
Birth rate, Irish, 253.
Bishops of Ireland, 148.
Blackrock, Cork, 117.
Bladensburg, Battle of, 210, 419.
Blake, Sir Henry, 331.
Blarney, Castle, 320. origin of term, 322. Stone, 323.
Bogs, Irish, 7.
Boleyn, Anne, 289.
Boycott, Birthplace of the, 433. forbidden by priests, 434. of landlords, 16, 136.
Boyle, Richard, Earl of Cork, 19, 54, 322.
Boyne, Battle of the, 167, 213. Valley of the, 167.
Brewery, the Guinness, 16.
Brian Boru, 105, 123, 125, 188.
Bruce, Edward, 197.
Bryce, James, 35, 44, 219, 460.
Buildings erected by government, 71.
Burke, Edmund, 85.
Burke, Sir Bernard, 57.
Butler, James, first Earl of Ormonde, 326.
Cabins, Irish, 12, 74, 358, 461, 465.
Car, Jaunting, 310, 449.
Carrick Castle, 289.
Carrickfergus, 214, 218.
Carrickmacross lace, 344.
Carton House, 151.
Cashel, History of, 9. Ruins of, 9.
Castle, Dublin, 35, 53. Kilkenny, 325.
Castles, Ruined, 289.
Cathedral, at Cork, 316. at Armagh, 193.
Christ Church, at Dublin, 15, 281. Downpatrick, 196. Kilkenny, 325. Limerick, 419. Londonderry, 242. St. Patrick's, Dublin, 14.
Catholic, Roman, hierarchy, 148. Church in Ireland, 51.
Cattle, breeding, 63. driving, 63, 434.
Causeway, The Giant's, 243.
Census of Ireland, 130, 252.
Channel, Irish, 213.
Characteristics, Irish, 260, 436, 461.
Charity in Ireland, 360, 460.
Charles I, 46, 333.
Cherries, First, in Ireland, 334.
Chesterfield, Lord, 57.
Chief Secretary for Ireland, 35.
Children, Behavior of, 360.
Choirs, Church, 31, 100.
Christ Church Cathedral, 32, 281.
Christian Brothers' schools, 150.
Churches in Belfast, 222.
Church Land Acts, 50, 67.
Church statistics, 49.
City Hall, Belfast, 237.
Civil Service of Ireland, 78.
Clanricarde, Marquess of, 20, 137, 432.
Clergy, Irish, 149.
Clifden, Town of, 443.
Climate of Ireland, 166, 320.
Clontarf battlefield, 123.
Coaching in Ireland, 367.
College, Queen's, at Belfast, 227. Queen's, at Cork, 313. Queen's, at Galway, 440. Trinity, Dublin, 97. Magee, Londonderry, 242. Maynooth, 143. All Hallows, 143.
Colthurst, Sir George, 321.
Columba, Saint, 170.
Commerce of Ireland, 253.
Comyn, Archbishop of Dublin, 16.
Condensed milk factories, 418.
Confederation, Irish, 324.
Congested Districts Board, 13, 38, 339, 358, 459, 465.
Connemara, Poverty in, 443. Scenery of, 443.
Cooke, Rev. Dr., of Belfast, 224.
Coöperation among farmers, 412. credit societies, 414.
Coöperative stores, 412.
Corbet, Miles, 160.
Cork, City of, 212. Earl of, 19, 292, 332. Harbor of, 6.
Cormac, King, 169, 175, 183.
Coronation Stone, British, 177. of the O'Neills, 238.
Cottages erected by the government, 12, 425, 463.
Courcy, Sir John de, 196.
Courts, The Irish, 56.
Creameries, Coöperative, 412.
Crime in Ireland, 401.
Croughpatrick, Mount of, 451.
Croker, Richard, 3, 306.
Cromwell, Oliver, 56, 163, 270, 284, 289, 336, 344, 357.
Crops in Ireland, 130.
Crosses of Monasterboice, 166.
Cultivated area in Ireland, 70, 130.
Curragmore Castle, 287.
Curran, Philpott, 18.
Curran, Sarah, 83, 84.
Customs, Irish, 260.
Dairies, Irish, 418.
Dalkey, suburb of Dublin, 119.
Davis, John H., 218.
Davitt, Michael, 79.
Death rate in Ireland, 253.
Declan, Saint, 9.
Derry, Town of, 257.
Desmond, Earl of, 330, 332. Lady, 332. rebellion, 330.
Devolution policy, 36.
Devonshire, Duke of, 134, 292.
Dillon, John, 44.
Disestablishment, The, 33, 49.
Disraeli, Lord, 148.
Donkeys, Irish, 311.
Donnybrook Fair, 128.
Dougherty, Sir John, 37.
Doughnamore, Lord, 329.
Downpatrick Abbey, 197.
Downpatrick Cathedral, 187, 196.
Drogheda, City of, 159. Massacre of, 163.
Druids, The, 169.
Drink bill of Ireland, 392.
Drunkenness in Ireland, 229, 391.
Dublin, Castle, 53. City government of, 44. Lord Mayor of, 44. Name of, 47. Population of, 49. Sacred spots in, 77. University of, 102.
Dudley, Countess of, 364. Earl, 44.
Dufferin, Lord, 217.
Dunraven, Earl of, 36, 428.
Dunsany Castle, 186. Lord, 410.
Earls, Flight of the, 214.
Eccles Hotel, Glengariff, 354.
Edgeworth, Maria, 454.
Education, 12, 109. Agricultural, 404. Art, 406. at Maynooth, 144. at Belfast, 231. at Cork, 315. Expenditures for, 111. Roman Catholic, 101. Statistics of, 111. Technical, 405.
Edward I, 177.
Edward VII, 104.
Electric railway, The first, 243.
Elizabeth, Queen, 100, 103, 270, 291, 322, 331, 451.
Ellen's Tower at Belfast, 218.
Ely, Earl of, 278.
Emigrants returning, 2.
Emigration, 2, 134, 243, 247, 250, 253, 298, 360, 418, 437.
Emmet, Robert, 79, 82, 118.
England, Hatred of, 38.
Epitaphs, Curious, 336, 420.
Estates, Commission, Work of, 60. Sale of, 60.
Eva, The Princess, 278, 280, 281.
Evictions in Ireland, 134, 136, 138, 140, 142, 470, 472.
Expenses of government, 39, 253.
Excursions about Dublin, 115.
"Faerie Queene, The," 271, 337.
Fairies, Irish, 345.
Farms sold by government, 65.
Farms, Prices of, 65.
Farm labor, 75.
Farm lands, 130.
Farmers, Education of, 407.
Father Mathew, 77.
"Father Prout," the poet, 316, 321.
Faversham, Earl of, 153.
Fergus, First Scottish king, 179.
Fenians, The original, 183.
Ferns, Town of, 275.
Finances of land sales, 64.
Fin-Barre, Saint, 314, 350.
Fighting, Irish love of, 436.
Fisheries, The, 13, 441, 445, 465, 467.
Fitzgerald, Family history of, 155. Gerald, 10, 19, 137. Lord Edward, 84, 117, 126. Maurice, 146, 155.
Fitzgibbon, John, 136.
Flax culture, 234.
Flour, American, 417.
Foley, Captain James Arthur Wellington, 328.
Four Courts of Dublin, 48.
Frascati, Estate of, 117.
French invasion of Ireland, 355.
Fruit, Scarcity of, 449.
Gaelic League, 455.
Gaelic, Study of, 456.
Gallery, National, 93.
Galway, City of, 432, 438.
Gambling in Ireland, 269, 305.
George I, 22.
Gerald, Thomas, 156.
Geraldines, The, 157.
Ginger ale, Manufacture of, 212, 235.
Gladstone, William E., 39, 147.
Glencare, Earl of, 371.
Glendalough, Valley of, 272.
Glengariff, Church of, 362. Legend of, 370. Town of, 345, 353.
Goldsmith, Oliver, 454.
"Gombeen Man," The, 72.
Gougane Island, 349.
Government, of Ireland, 34, 38. of City of Dublin, 44.
Grace, Michael P., 328.
Grattan, Henry, 80.
Grave of Parnell, 78.
Grey, Lord, 197, 291, 330.
Griffith, Arthur, 203.
Guinness, Benjamin, 16. Brewery, 399.
Hale, J.P., 294.
Hall, Rev. Dr. John, 220.
Hammersley, Lillian, 288.
Hamilton, Sir William, 90.
Hannay, Rev. J.M., the author, 454.
Harp of Tara, 183.
Harps, The Irish, 266.
Harrington, Timothy, 46.
Headford, Marquess of, 171.
Hemans, Mrs., 90.
Handel's "Messiah," 87.
Henderson, Sir James, 231.
Hennessy, Sir John Cope, 331.
Henry II, of England, 9, 47, 54, 280.
Henry VII, 369.
Henry VIII, 15, 100, 157, 270.
"Himself," The title, 264.
Historic spots in Dublin, 77.
Hogan, Professor, 143.
Hollybrook, 270.
Home, Love of, Irish, 463.
Home Rule, 11, 36, 39.
"Hook or Crook," Origin of phrase, 280.
Horse Show, Dublin, 310.
Horses, Irish, 300, 311.
Hotels in Ireland, 166.
Housewifery, Schools of, 465.
Howth, Earl of, 126. Village of, 121.
Huguenots in Ireland, 284.
Hussey, Dr., 145.
Hyde, Douglas, 455.
Imports of Ireland, 253.
Improvement, in conditions, 73. in cottages, 465.
Insane asylums, 25, 379.
Insanity, Irish, Causes of, 265, 402.
Intemperance in Ireland, 229, 391.
Interest paid by land buyers, 61, 65.
Invasion, French, 355. of Ireland, The first, 280.
Ireland, Kings of, 290.
Ireton, General, 422.
Irish Academy, 91.
Irish as farmers, 69.
Irish in the United States, 257.
Iveagh, Lord, 17, 91.
Jaunting car, 310, 449.
James I, 239, 331.
James II, 213, 214, 240.
Jewel robbery, The, 58.
Johnston, Dennis, Ass't Secretary, United Irish League, 136, 469.
Jones, John Paul, 218.
Keimaneigh, Pass of, 352.
Kells, Book of, 105, 171. Village of, 170.
Kelvin, Lord, 219.
Kenmare, Earl of, 371. House, 373. Lady, 375. Park, 374. Village of, 368.
Kilbarrack, Abbey of, 126.
Kilcolman Castle, 291, 330.
Kilcrea Abbey, 344.
Kildare, House, 94. Earl of, 10, 19, 20, 137, 152, 156. "Silken Thomas," 146, 156.
Kilkea Castle, 152.
Kilkenny Castle, 325.
"Kilkenny Cats," Story of, 325. City of, 323. Statues of, 323.
Killarney, Lakes of, 366, 375. Village of, 379.
Killeen Castle, 186.
Kings, Ancient, of Ireland, 174.
Knabenshue, S.S., 245.
Kylemore Castle, 450.
Labor, Farm, 75. Lack of, in Ireland, 250.
Lace work, 13, 256, 339, 360, 468.
Lacy, Hugh de, 187, 281.
Land Act, Wyndham, 60, 152. acts, Various, 68. disturbances, 432.
Land League, 295.
"Landless," The, 459.
Landlord and Tenant Act, 67.
Landlords, Irish, 60, 130, 131.
Land troubles, 295.
Land war of 1901, 136.
Lansdowne, Marquess of, 141, 368.
Laracor, Town of, 27.
Lawrence family, The, 127.
League, United Irish, 135.
Lee, River, 6, 312, 350.
Legend of the O'Neills, 215.
Legends, of Ireland, 160, 191, 367. of Killarney, 370, 379. of Limerick, 424.
Leinster, Duke of, 20, 41, 62, 92, 117, 146, 151.
Leopardstown races, 300.
Lever, Charles, 90, 121.
Lewis', Mrs., land case, 137, 139.
Lexington, Irish at Battle of, 18.
"Lia Fail," Coronation Stone, 177.
Library, National, 106. Royal, 93. Trinity College, 97, 105.
Liffey River, 115.
Limerick, City of, 417. lace, 340. Women of, 422.
Linen, Manufacture of, 211, 232.
Liquor, Consumption of, 400. licenses, 363, 391.
Lismore, Earl of, 299. Town of, 293.
Literary reminiscences, Dublin, 90.
Logue, Cardinal, 143, 189, 194, 257.
Londonderry, Apprentices' Hall, 241. shirt factories, 242. Siege of, 240. Statue of Walker, 240. Town of, 237. Wall of, 239.
Lord Gough, 77.
Lord Lieutenant, The, 34.
Lover, Samuel, 18, 90.
Lundy, Col. Robert, 241.
Lynch, Story of Mayor, 440.
Lyne, Lucius, Croker's jockey, 307.
Macaulay, Thomas Babington, 148.
MacCarthy, Cormac, 322. Eleanor, 158, 322.
MacCarthys, The, 344, 385.
MacCool, Fin, 379.
MacDonnell, Sir Antony Patrick, 36.
Macroom, Village of, 348.
Magee, Alexander, Swift's servant, 27.
Magee College, 108, 242.
Mahoney, Rev. Francis ("Father Prout"), 316.
Malachi the Great, 123.
Malehide, 160.
Manchester, Duke of, 450.
Mansion House, Dublin, 46.
Manufacturing in Ireland, 255.
Marconi's wireless station, 448.
Mareschal, William Le, 325.
Marlborough, Duchess of, 288.
Martello towers, 163.
Martin, Col. Richard, 447.
Mary, Queen of Scots, 161.
Massareene, Lord, 140.
Mathew, Father, 177, 319.
Maynooth, Castle of, 144, 155. College, 108, 143.
McKinley, ancestry, 245. cottage, 245.
McMurrough, Dermot, 275, 278.
"Meeting of the Waters," 271.
Methodists, Irish, 52.
Meyer, Prof. Hugo, 456.
Migration of labor, 462.
Missions, Protestant, 339.
Monasterboice, Ruins of, 164. Crosses of, 166.
Monastery, Trappist, 341.
Monks, Irish, 51.
Monument, O'Connell, 77. Nelson's, 77. Parnell, 78. Patriotic, at Cork, 318.
Moore, Tom, 84, 89, 183.
Motoring in Ireland, 166.
Mountain people, The, 358.
Muckross Abbey, 384, 388. House, 384.
Municipal utilities in Belfast, 231.
Museum, Dublin, 94.
Music in churches, 31, 100.
Myrtle Lodge at Youghal, 330.
Nanetti, G.P., 45.
National Irish League, 136. party, 36, 39, 141.
Navan, Village of, 172.
Nelson monument, 77.
Newgate Prison, 95.
Niall of the Nine Hostages, 170, 177, 215.
Nobility, Irish, The, 41, 56, 131.
Nuns, Irish, 51.
Nurses for the poor, 360.
O'Brien, Donald, King of Limerick, 9, 419. William, 295.
O'Callaghans, The, 299.
O'Callahan, Bishop of Cork, 319.
O'Connell, Daniel, 39, 87, 177. monument, 77. Street, 78.
O'Conor, Roderick, 187, 279.
O'Connor, Solicitor Congested Districts Board, 463.
O'Dohertys, The, 239.
O'Donahues, The, 44, 378, 385.
O'Donnell, Rory, 216.
O'Flahertys, The, 445.
Old Home Week, 247.
O'Malley, Grace, Queen of Connaught, 127, 451.
O'Neill, The Coronation Stone, 178, 238. Hugh, 216, 239. Owen, 239. Shane, 216.
O'Neills, The, 215.
Orangemen, The, 213.
Ormonde, Earls of, 19, 325, 327.
O'Toole, Lawrence, 280.
O'Tooles, The, 272.
Otter hunting, 318.
Pale of Dublin, The, 48.
Pamela (Lady Edward Fitzgerald), 117.
Parks, Dublin, 91.
Parliament House, Irish, 24. The Irish, 56, 81.
Parnell, Charles S., 44, 297. Home of, 271. Grave of, 78. Monument to, 78.
Passage, Town of, 6.
Peat, Value of, 7.
Peel, Sir Robert, 147.
Peerage, the Irish, 39, 57, 131.
Pembroke, Earl of, 279.
"Penelope's Irish Experiences," 167.
Penn, William, birthplace, 348.
Phoenix Park, 35, 95.
"Pig in the Parlor, The," 359.
"Plan of Campaign, The," 136, 295.
Planters, English, 138, 269. Scotch-Irish, 214.
Plunkett family, The, 186. Sir Horace, 255, 404, 410.
Population statistics, 130. of Belfast, 222. of Dublin, 49.
Portraine, Village of, 161.
Portrush, Town of, 243.
Post, Mrs. Elizabeth Wadsworth, 296.
Potatoes of Ireland, 130, 334.
Poverty, in Limerick, 422. in Ireland, 358.
Presbyterian House of Belfast, 224. Seminary, Belfast, 227.
Presbyterians, Irish, 52, 214.
Price of land, 65.
Priests, Irish, 51, 144, 149, 397.
Property owners of Ireland, 130.
Prosperity of Ireland, 10.
Protestants, Scotch-Irish, 213.
"Prout, Father," the poet, 6.
Queen's Colleges, The, 108. College, Belfast, 227. Cork, 313. Galway, 440.
Queenstown, Landing at, 2. Surroundings of, 4.
Racing in Ireland, 300.
Railway, The first electric, 243.
Railways in Ireland, 1, 343.
Rain in Ireland, 166, 228, 320.
Raleigh, Carew, 332. Lady, 331, 332. Sir Walter, 322, 330, 336.
Rebellion, The Kildare, 157.
Rebellions, Irish, 55.
Redemption of Ireland, 60.
Redmond, John, 44. Statue of, 276.
Reformation, The, 198.
Religion in Belfast, 222. in Ireland, 149.
Religious antagonisms, 213. statistics, 49. tests in education, 107.
Remembrancer, Treasury, 37.
Rents, Land, 12, 61, 133. Reduction of, 12.
Resorts, Seashore, 268.
Reunions, Irish, 247.
Revenues, 39.
Revolution of '98, 118.
Ri of Ireland, The, 174.
Rice, Edmund, 150.
Riding House, 293.
Riots, Religious, 213.
Roberts, Lord, 284.
"Robin Adair," Song of, 271.
Roe, Henry, distiller, 32.
Romance of the Kildares, 157.
Ropewalk at Belfast, 235.
Ross Castle, Killarney, 379. Sir John, 210.
Rosse, Earl of, 10.
Rostrevor, Town of, 210.
Rothschild, Baron, 88.
Ruins, Cromwellian, 344. Kilkenny, 324.
Sacred spots in Dublin, 77.
St. Bridget, 195, 200. Grave of, 195.
St. Columba, 195, 201. Grave of, 195.
St. Columba's Stone, 238.
St. Kevin, 273.
St. Michan's Church, 86.
St. Patrick, 47, 164, 169, 188, 195, 199, 239, 451. Grave of, 195. Knights of, 17, 57. Relics of, 92. Statue of, 177. Story of, 352.
St. Patrick's Cathedral, Dublin, 15.
St. Stephen's Green, Dublin, 91.
Salaries of officials, 35. of school teachers, 114.
Salmon fishing at Galway, 441.
Saloons in Ireland, 363, 391.
Sarsfield, General Patrick, 422.
Saul, Monastery of, 198.
Scenery, Irish, 269, 353, 377, 443, 449.
Schomberg, Duke of, 25.
Scone, Stone of, 178.
School for servants, 382.
Schools in Ireland, 12, 109.
Scotch-Irish characteristics, 213.
Scotland tunnel, 213.
Scott, Sir Walter, 91.
Seashore resorts, 268.
Secretary, Chief, of Ireland, 35. Under, for Ireland, 35.
Selkirk, Lord and Lady, 219.
Servant girls, Irish, 3.
Servants, School for, 382.
Seven Churches, The, 273.
Shaftesbury, Earl of, 217.
Shandon Bells, 317.
Shillelagh, Woods of, 271.
Shipyards, Belfast, 236.
Shirt factories in Londonderry, 242.
Showers in Ireland, 166.
Sigtryg, The Danish King, 32, 123, 124, 161, 284.
"Silken Thomas" Kildare, 146, 156, 322.
Sinn Fein movement, 202.
Skerries, Village of, 162.
Skreen, Hill of, 179.
Sligo, Marquess of, 139, 453.
Snakes banished by St. Patrick, 452.
Society in Ireland, 54.
Soda water, Manufacture of, 212, 235.
Soldiers, Irish, 17.
Spenser, Edmund, 291, 330, 336.
Stage drivers, Irish, 348.
Stager, Miss Ellen, 328.
Starkie, Dr., Commissioner of Education, 111.