CHAPTER IX.

ON THE BASIS OF ETHICS.

1. Principles involved in theory of evolution, 263 2. Unsuccessful application of these principles to ethics, 264 (_a_) The principles being treated empirically, 265 (_b_) No logical transition having been effected from efficient to final cause, 267 3. Difference between causality and teleology, 269 4. Reference to self-consciousness implied in evolution, 277 (_a_) Attempt to trace the genesis of self-consciousness, 278 (_b_) Attempt to trace morality from reflex action, 283 5. The unity of self-consciousness, 284 (_a_) As making possible the transition from knowledge to morality, 284 (_b_) As determining the character of the ethical end, 286 (_c_) As showing that the realisation of the end must be progressive, 291

THE ETHICS OF NATURALISM.