Chapter 18

Gregory the Great, St.: on Lia as the type of the Active Life, 222, 225, 234, 242, 246; of Martha and Mary as types of the Active and the Contemplative Life respectively, 174; on attention at prayer, 126; on the intercession of the Angels, 165; on the conformity of the Angels to God's Will, 167; how the prayers of the Saints avail, 167; that the Contemplative Life is occupied with God alone, 180, 184, 192; that contemplation in this life does not attain to the Divine Essence, 199, 200; that contemplation excludes all images, 201; of St. Benedict's vision, 202; on the true sweetness of contemplation, 210; contemplation springs from and leads to love of God, 212; on the combats of the Contemplative Life, 212; that knowledge of God brings about the death of all carnal desires, 213; of the joys of the spiritual life, 215, 216; on disgust for spiritual things 215, 216; of the Active Life, 221, 225; on teaching as falling under the Active Life, 226; as due to contemplation, 227; that the Active Life passes away, not so the Contemplative Life, 229; of the Contemplation of the Angels, 231; on the instability of our present contemplation, 232, 243; of the merits of the Contemplative Life, 240, 241; that those who are Superiors can still practise the Contemplative Life, 236; that the Active Life precedes the Contemplative, 224, 245, 249; of zeal for souls, 243, 244; of the necessity of the Active Life, 250; _contemplata aliis tradere_, 254; that the Blessed in Heaven know our needs, 82; not all are called to the Contemplative Life, 251, 252

Gregory of Nyssa, St., of joys and sorrows, 64

Gregory X., Pope, 14

Guidonis, Bernard, 6

Habits, 35, 251

Harmony of Divine things, 158, 159

Harmony of reason, the, 183

Heaven: there will be no books in, 111; it is our "Fatherland," 166-168, 173

Holiness, 184

Hope, 191, 192

Hugo à St. Caro, 6, 25

Hugh of St. Victor's: on attention at prayer, 126; on intensity, 126

Idolatry, 46

Images, veneration of, 37

Imagination, its function, 195, 201

Imprecations in Holy Scripture, 100

Indulgences, 168

Ingratitude, 94

"Insinuation" in prayer, 141

Intelligence, quickness of, 224

Intellect, the noblest part of man, 79, 80

Intention, 133

"Intercession" as a part of prayer, 146

Intercession of the Saints, 161

Interior Spirit, the true, 247

Interpretive prayer, 163

Isaias, St. Thomas's Commentary on, 10

Isidore of Seville, St.: his etymologies, 24; on religion, 27; on the word _sanctus_, 48; on prayer, 68

Jacob's Vision, 231

Jeremias prays for the people, though he is in Limbo, 115, 118, 162

Jerome, St.: on the error of Vigilantius, who said the prayers of the Martyrs were not heard, 115, 162; on making "a virtue of necessity," 35; on the term "super-substantial" Bread, 103

John of St. Julian, O.P., 5

John XXII., Pope, 23

Josias, King of Juda, in Limbo, 155

Joy as an effect of devotion, 62

Joys of Contemplation, the, 210-216

Justice, the chief of the Moral Virtues, 37, 55, 221

Knowledge, its relation to the Moral Virtues, 182

_Latria_, 30, 34, 44

Leo the Great, St., on the Jews, 56

Lia, the type of the Active Life, 222, 225, 234, 242, 246

Liberty of Spirit, 237

Life: definitions of, 169, 170, 171, 187; considered as intellectual, life may be divided into the Active and the Contemplative, 171, 174; _cf. s.v._ Contemplative Life and Active Life; the Active and Contemplative Life compared, 233-257; the two Lives distinguished, 169-177; their relative order, 249-252; the "mixed" life, 175, 185; the Life of Beatitude, 191; the bestial life, 175; the busy life, 175; the civil life, 175; the leisurely life, 175, 185; the pleasurable life, 175; the life of repose, 172, 173; the life of toil, 172, 173; the voluptuous life, 176

Limbo, 118, 154-156

Litany of the Saints, 158

Living for Eternity, on, 83

Livy on the Decii, 51

Lombard, Peter, 25

Lord's Prayer, the: the seven petitions of, 105-111; the most perfect form of prayer, 105; distractions in saying it, 132; why we say _Our_ Father, and not _My_ Father, 96; this prayer is recited in the name of the whole Church, 145; in what sense we are tied to this restricted form of prayer, 136, 137; the Lord's Prayer as a subject of meditation, 192

Lyons, the Council of, St. Thomas summoned to it, 14

Lyra, Nicolas de, his Gloss, 25

Martyrs: the prayers of the, 162-164; merits of the Martyrs, 256

Marvel, what it is to, 189

Mass, the: to be said distinctly, 122; the Prayers of, 147; the Prayer of the Consecration in the Mass, 149, 150

Maximus Valerius, _On Socrates_, 84

Meditation, 188, 190; causes devotion, 57; produces sadness as well as joy, 62-65; the need of it, 61; not to be neglected for vocal prayer, 123; fruitful subjects for, 60; meditation on the Sacred Passion, 59; on choosing subtle subjects for meditation, 58, 60, 61

Melancholy, no fruit of devotion, 64, 65

Merit: definition of, 166; source of, 240; merits and rewards, 242; none in Heaven, 166, 243; of the Active and Contemplative Life, 240-244; the merit of prayer, 141; those of the Saints, 163; how we can merit for others, 141

Military Religious Orders, 256

Monica, St., 123

Monte Cassino, 4

Moral Acts, their nature, 225

Moral Virtues, the: Justice is the chief of the moral virtues, 221; requisites for the moral virtues, 41; their place in the Contemplative Life 182-186; their function, 41, 43, 183-185; their part in the Active Life, 220-226; how far they remain after death, 230

Movements of the soul, the three, 172, 203-210

Mysticism, 1-3

Necessity, to make a virtue of, 35, 44

Nestorius's error concerning the Person of Christ, 161

Novelty of St. Thomas's teaching, 6, 7

"Obsecration" as a part of prayer, 147-149

Observance, strictness of, 257

Occultism, 3

Office, attention at the Divine, 128

Origen on sanctity, 47; on not swearing, 148

Passion, Meditation on the Sacred, 59, 63, 128

Perfection, 44

Peter Lombard, 25

Philosophy is better than riches, 236

_Postillæ_, 24

Prayer to St. Thomas before study, A, 16

Prayer: _defined_, 68, 69, 76, 78, 85, 102, 1O5, 127, 136, 148; it is an act, 161; not an act of the appetitive powers, 68, 71, 77; it is an act of the virtue of religion, 76-80, 161; after devotion, prayer is the highest act of the virtue of religion, 77; it is a conversation with God, 74; by it we become God's beggars, 110; it is peculiar to the rational creation, 112-114; in what sense the brute creatures pray, 114; prayer is a gift from God, 139; three requisites for prayer, 146; four requisites for prayer, 138; the real meaning of "petition," 78, 79; the prayer of desire, 92, 105; in what sense desire is not prayer, 77, 78; prayer is a real cause, 72, 74, 166 _Why we should pray:_ prayer is reasonable, 71-76, 107, 120, 147; the merit of prayer, 125, 137-143; the effects of prayer, 71, 120, 125, 132, 138; prayer causes union with God, 70, 71 _Errors concerning prayer:_ in general, 72; it is not an adjuring of God, 148; it never wearies God, 79, 80; "much speaking" in prayer, 135; it cannot change God's decrees, 72, 73, 86, 107, 161; it does not "bend" His will, 86; God knows beforehand what we would pray for, 73, 75, 80, 86, 120 _Of prayers heard and unheard:_ the condition necessary if our prayers are to be heard, 89, 96, 141, 144; of prayers heard in anger, 142, 143; in what sense the prayers of sinners are heard, 143-146; the prayers of the poor are speedily heard, 69; how the prayers of the Saints are heard, 162, 168; the prayers of the Martyrs and Apostles, 162, 163; why prayers are not heard, 142; of unheard prayers, 140; why our prayers for others are sometimes not heard, 96; in what sense the prayers of sinners are heard, 143-146 _How we should pray:_ at regular intervals, 134; our attitude in prayer, 150, 151; beginning occupations with prayer, 70; prayer "without ceasing," 91, 137; attention at prayer, 125; three kinds of attention, 120, 133; distractions, 121, 127-133; the length of our prayers, 133-137; hindrances to prayer, 75; the recitation of Psalms, 123; prayer "in spirit and in truth," 126; weariness in prayer, 134 _What we should pray for:_ the impetratory value of prayer, 138, 141; what we should pray for in general, 129, 142; for Beatitude, 85-87; prayer for definite things, 84-88; for "sufficiency of life," 89; against death, 83; for continence, 87; for knowledge of Holy Scripture, 88; for deliverance from toothache, 92, 94; for others, 95, 97, 98, 229; for the wicked, 97; for the good, 98; for our inferiors, 98; for temporal blessings, 89-95; for the predestinate, 167; for our enemies, 99-102; the Saints in Heaven pray for the resurrection of their bodies, 116 _To whom we should pray:_ not to God alone, 80-84; to the Angels, 81; to the Saints, 157-161; to the lesser Saints, 117 _Who pray for us, and how:_ the Angels pray for us, how, 114; in what sense the Son and the Holy Spirit are said to pray, 113, 115; how the Holy Spirit helps our prayers, 85; the Saints pray for us, 115-118; how, 156, 163, 166, 167; how we merit the prayers of the Saints, 162; how our prayers are known to the Saints, 152-157; those in Limbo prayed for those on earth, 118; those in Purgatory cannot pray for us, 117 _Divers forms of prayer:_ vocal prayer, 119-125; ejaculatory prayer, 134, 135; prayer in secret, 121; prayer of the heart, 124; thanksgiving as a part of prayer, 149; postulations as a part of prayer, 146-148 _The Lord's Prayer:_ we say not "my Father," but "our Father," 96; the seven petitions of the Lord's Prayer, 102-111; the Lord's Prayer not said without distractions, 132; in what sense we are tied to the Lord's Prayer as a formula, 136, 137 _The Church's prayers:_ in general, 76, 147, 158; public and private prayers, 119, 121, 122, 135; how the prayer "of many" avails, 98; the prayer of the Consecration at Mass, 149, 150

Prelates and Contemplative Life, 236

Prosper, St., the _Book of Sentences Gleaned from St. Augustine_, 140

Prudence: its relation to the other Moral Virtues, 224; it is requisite for the Active Life, 223-226

Purity of soul, 252

Purgatory: why the suffrages of the Church do not empty it at once, 167, 168; the souls in Purgatory do not know our needs, 83; neither do they pray for us, 83, 116, 118; Brother Romanus passed sixteen days in Purgatory, 12

Rabanus Maurus: his Gloss, 25; on Prayer, 69

Rachel, a type of the Contemplative Life, 163, 174, 180, 184, 234, 242

Reading necessary for prayer, 190

Reason: its function, 206; the higher and the lower, 249; the speculative and the practical, 68

Religion: the virtue of, 27-50; that it is a virtue, 34; definition of, 27-31, 39, 49; its principle is charity, 56; it is one virtue, 35; and a Moral Virtue, 40; and a special virtue, 37-39; not a Theological Virtue, 39; the _via media_ in, 41; the harmony of, 42; is superior to the other Moral Virtues, 42; is not for God's profit, but for ours, 43; demands external acts, 44; how far it is identified with sanctity, 47-50

Religious Orders, the Active and Contemplative compared, 253-257

Religious people, 31, 50, 61; they are not always Saints, 50

Reposeful characters, 252

Romanus, Brother, appears to St. Thomas, 12

Sacrifice, the real nature of, 38, 46, 244

Saints, the: what it is to be a Saint, 50; they are not gloomy, 64, 65; their knowledge of our needs, 82, 152-157; their prayers for us, 115-118; they feel no grief for us on earth, 155; their wills are perfectly conformed to that of God, 116, 156, 163, 165, 167; the Communion of Saints, 158, 164; we ought to pray to them, 157-161; of devotion to the Saints, 57; to the lesser Saints, 117, 160; they are co-workers with God, 154; in what sense their prayers are always heard, 158, 162-168; their merits, 163, 166; how they pray for us, 163, 167

"Saint of Saints, The," 160

Scripture, prayer for knowledge of Holy, 88

Seneca: on petitions, 74; on idolatry, 46

Sentences, the Book of, 6, 25

Sinners, prayer for: 97; the prayers of sinners, 143-146

Sins of conversation, 110

Socrates on prayer, 84

Solicitude, how far it is forbidden, 90

Sorrow, as an effect of devotion, 62, 64

Speculation, 189

Spirit, the Holy, how He helps us to pray, 85

"Spirit and truth," prayer in, 126, 127

Spiritualism, 3

Stability implied in the notion of sanctity, 49

Strabo, Walafrid, his Gloss, 24

Strictness of life not an end in itself, 257

"Sufficiency of life," prayer for, 89

Suffrages for the Dead, 167, 168

_Summa Theologica_: the broad divisions of, 19, 20; the method employed in, 21, 22; the _Tertia Pars_, 13

Superiors and Contemplation, 238

Supererogation, works of, 44

Superstition, 42

Supersubstantial Bread, 103

Supplications as a part of prayer, 146

Swearing, Origen on, 148

Teaching: in what it consists, 227, 228; due to Contemplation, 227; how far it belongs to the Active Life, 226-229; the beauty of the teaching life, 227; how the Angels teach, 231

Temperance: a necessity for the Contemplative Life, 184, 185; how far it is identical with sanctity, 50

Temporal things: the part they play in our life, 89; they are "stepping-stones" to Heaven, 91; how far they may be asked for, 89-95

Thanksgivings as part of prayer, 147

Theological Virtues, the, 39-41, 191, 192

_Theosebeia_, 31

Thomas Aquinas, St.: born at Rocca Secca, 4; his early occupation with Divine things, 5; goes to Monte Cassino, 4; to Naples University, 5; receives the habit of the Friars Preachers, 5; is sent to Santa Sabina, 5; is imprisoned, and studies the Bible, the _Sentences_, and the Philosophy of Aristotle, 6; is created Bachelor in Theology, 6; the novelty of his teaching, 7, 8; created Master in Theology, 7; says he would prefer to possess St. Chrysostom's Commentaries on the Gospel according to St. Matthew to the possession of the city of Paris, 10; hears from Our Lord's lips, _Bene scripsisti de Me, Thoma_, 10; his three petitions, 8; his prayer before study, 8-11; is visited by St. Peter and St. Paul, who explain to him a passage of Isaias, 11; Brother Romanus appears to him, 12; his approaching end is revealed to him, 12, 13; the Crucifix speaks to him, 13; he ceases to write, 14; his emotion on hearing the words, _Ne projicias nos_, sung, 14; is summoned to the Council of Lyons, 14; his faith in the Holy Eucharist, 9, 15; his dying words, 15; his rhythm, _Adoro Te Devote_, 112; the method of his teaching, 19; his teaching is regarded as miraculous, 23; his use of the works of the Fathers, 16, 18, 23; his teaching and that of St. Augustine, 16-18; his self-effacement, 23

Tocco, William of, biographer of St. Thomas, 5 _note_, 6, 8, 9, 11, 15

Toothache: St. Thomas's deliverance from it, 93; St. Augustine's deliverance from it, 93

Trinity, the Holy: how to pray to, 81; the _Collect_ for Trinity Sunday, 147

Union with God, 3, 197, 198. _Cf. s.v._ God

Valgornera, _Theologia Mystica_, 1

_Via media_ in religion, 41

Vigilantius's errors regarding prayer, 117, 162

Virginity, 50

Virgins, the five wise and the five foolish, 247

Virtue: definition of, 34; its praiseworthy character, 43; it lies in the will, 43

Walafrid Strabo, his Gloss, 24

Will: the object of the, 57; its functions, 52, 70; the part it plays in the Contemplative Life, 179-181

Women, the natural devotion of, 59

Worship: in what it consists, 41

Zeal for souls, 243, 244

INDEX OF TEXTS QUOTED OR EXPLAINED

Genesis. xxix. 17; 184 xxxii. 30-32; 200, 214

Exodus. iii. 6; 117 iii. 14; 176 xiii. 6; 117 xix. 21; 136, 237 xx. 1-17; 42 xxxv. 20, 21; 52

1 Kings. i. 18; 120 xv. 19; 73

2 Kings. vii. 18; 150

3 Kings. xviii. 42; 150

4 Kings. xxii. 50; 155

2 Paralipomenon. xxix. 31; 52

Job. v. 1; 80, 157 xiv. 21; 152 xvi. 20-23; 210 xxxi. 14; 226 xxxi. 23; 236

Psalms. v. 5; 177 vi. 7; 151 vi. 11; 99 x. 17; 69 xv. 2; 43 xv. 5; 32 xv. 5, 6; 172 xv. 9; 120 xv. 11; 177 xvi. 6-9; 252 xxiv. 6-11; 177 xxvi. 4; 70, 136, 197 xxvi. 5; 240 xxvi. 8; 120 xxxii. 20, 21; 137 xxxiii. 9; 211, 216 xxxiv. 13; 97, 137 xxxv. 7; 235 xxxvi. 23-25; 146 xxxvii. 10; 91 xxxviii. 4; 57 xxxviii. 13; 68, 143 xxxix. 13; 120 xli. 3; 63 xli. 1-6; 182 xlv. 11; 235, 246 xlvii. 9; 13 xlvii. 9, 10, 15; 238 xlix. 13; 46 l. 19; 64 liv. 1-7; 150 liv. 23; 95 lvii. 11; 100 lviii. 7; 43 lxv. 8-12; 232 lxvi.; 84 lxx. 17, 18; 76 lxx. 20; 14 lxxii. 21-28; 192 lxxii. 28; 58 lxxv. 4, 5; 129 lxxvi. 1; 32 lxxvi. 4; 62 lxxix. 4; 85 lxxxiii. 3; 44 lxxxiii. 12; 81 lxxxv. 1-5; 125 xciv. 3; 46 xcvi. 7; 113 cii. 1-15; 249 ciii. 33, 34; 80 cxviii. 35; 85 cxviii. 145; 124 cxx. 1, 2; 58 cxx. 4; 80 cxxxviii. 14; 194 cxl. 2; 76 cxli. 1; 119 cxlii. 4-7; 132 cxlii. 5, 6; 194 cxliii. 15; 191 cxliv. 13; 104 cxlv. 1; 130 cxlvi. 9; 114

Proverbs. xxviii. 8; 144 xxx. 8; 89

Ecclesiastes. vii. 14; 97

Wisdom. vii. 7; 190 viii. 2; 185 viii. 16; 171, 204, 210 ix. 15; 132, 213 xv. 1-3; 244

Ecclesiasticus. xxviii. 2; 146 xxx. 24; 244 xxxvi. 1-3; 102 xxxvi. 16-19; 114 xli. 1-6; 223 xliii. 33; 41

Isaias. xii. 1-6; 219 xxv. 8, 9; 198 xxvi. 3,4,8,9; 201 xxxii. 17; 184 xxxiii. 13-17; 181 xlvi. 10; 104 lviii. 5; 256 lxiii. 15, 16; 88, 154 lxiv. 8, 9; 71 lxv. 24; 70

Jeremias. vii. 16; 97 xiv. 8,9; 186 xv. 1; 96, 164 xxxi. 34; 231

Lamentations. iii. 19; 63

Daniel. ix. 14; 160 ix. 18, 19; 147 x. 12, 13; 165

Osee. xiv. 3; 120

Habacuc. ii. 4; 190

Malachi. i. 6; 36 iii. 14; 72

2 Maccabees xv. 14; 115, 162

St. Matthew. v. 8; 184 v. 44; 99 vi. 6; 121 vi. 7; 135 vi. 8; 80 vi. 9; 136 vi. 9-13; 84 vi. 25; 90 vi. 32; 73 vi. 33; 90 vii. 7; 78 xviii. 10; 157, 231 xxii. 30; 165 xxv. 3, 4; 247

St. Luke. i. 49; 104 i. 74, 75; 47 vi. 12; 135 vi. 13; 139 ix. 55; 57 x. 39; 190 x. 40; 241 x. 41; 234, 248 x. 42; 216, 233, 248, 253 x. 43; 235 xi. 2-4; 84, 106 xv. 13-16; 61 xviii. 1; 71, 133, 137 xxii. 43; 135

St. John. iv. 24; 45, 85, 126 v. 16; 95 ix. 31; 144 xi. 3; 146 xiv. 8; 177 xiv. 16; 113 xvi. 23; 96 xvii. 1-5; 111, 177 xvii. 24; 98 xix. 1-5; 56 xxi. 22; 243

Acts. vii. 59; 151 xv. 9; 177 xx. 36; 151

Romans. i. 20; 45, 193 vii. 24; 213 viii. 26; 85, 113, 198 viii. 31; 32 viii. 38, 39; 48 ix. 3; 241 xiii. 10; 183 xv. 4; 99 xv. 30; 98, 158

1 Corinthians. i. 11; 98 iii. 8; 242 iv. 5; 177 vi. 9, 10; 104 ix. 16; 44 x. 31; 134 xii. 31; 237 xiii. 8; 217 xiii. 12; 176, 213 xiv. 14; 126 xiv. 15; 82

2 Corinthians. iii. 18; 189 iv. 18; 90 v. 6; 131 v. 6, 7; 190 v. 15; 239 x. 31; 38 xii. 7-9; 139

Galatians. iv. 14; 32 v. 13; 30

Ephesians. i. 4; 76 iv. 5, 6; 35

Philippians. iii. 20; 65 iv. 7; 198

Colossians. iii. 3, 4; 176

1 Thessalonians. v. 17; 91, 133, 137

1 Timothy. i. 5; 191 ii. 1; 146, 147 ii. 4; 86

2 Timothy. iii. 5; 144

Hebrews. iii., iv., v.; 92 vii. 25; 115 x. 20; 248 xii. 4; 256 xii. 14; 48, 184

St. James. i. 6; 141 i. 27; 28 iv. 3; 85 v. 16; 95

1 St. John. iii. 2; 176, 197, 231 iv. 19; 107 v. 16; 97

Apocalypse. vi. 10; 100, 164 vi. 11; 164 viii. 4; 81 xv. 1; 164 xxii. 17; 244

THE END

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