Chapter 4

[145] Quoted in Williams's _A History of the City of Saint Paul_, pp. 58, 59.

[146] In the _Minnesota Historical Collections_, Vol. VIII, pp. 430, 431, there is a list of the commanding officers from September, 1819 to May, 1858.

[147] For the life of Henry Leavenworth see the _Kansas Historical Collections_, Vol. VII, pp. 577, 578, Vol. IX, p. 569, Vol. XI, p. xxi; Powell's _List of Officers of the Army of the United States, from 1779 to 1900_, p. 428; Chittenden's _The History of the American Fur Trade of the Far West_, Vol. II, pp. 630-632; Leavenworth's _A Genealogy of the Leavenworth Family in the United States_, pp. 150-154.

[148] _American State Papers, Indian Affairs_, Vol. I, p. 777.

[149] Ellet's _Pioneer Women of the West_, pp. 310-323, contains a sketch of the activities of Captain Snelling during the war.

[150] Ellet's _Pioneer Women of the West_, pp. 313, 314.

[151] Ellet's _Pioneer Women of the West_, p. 316.

[152] From the reminiscences of Mrs. Ann Adams in the _Minnesota Historical Collections_, Vol. VI, pp. 96, 97. Mrs. Adams, as a child, lived several years in the Snelling household.

[153] Powell's _List of Officers of the Army of the United States, from 1779 to 1900_, p. 599; Ellet's _Pioneer Women of the West_, p. 334.

[154] From a manuscript entitled "Remarks on General Wm. Hull's Memoirs of the Campaign of the Northwestern Army, 1812", by Josiah Snelling.--_Draper Collection_, 8 U. 114, pp. 42, 43.

[155] _The Works of Daniel Webster_, Vol. V, p. 410.

[156] _Minnesota Historical Collections_, Vol. VIII, pp. 440, 441.

[157] See the sketch of Captain Scott in Van Cleve's _"Three Score Years and Ten," Life-Long Memories of Fort Snelling, Minnesota_, pp. 28, 29.

[158] _Senate Documents_, 1st Session, 30th Congress, Vol. I, Document No. 1, p. 367.

[159] There is a sketch of Martin Scott in the _Minnesota Historical Collections_, Vol. III, pp. 180-187, from which this story is taken.

[160] Powell's _List of Officers of the Army of the United States, from 1779 to 1900_, p. 577.

[161] _Niles' Register_, Vol. 73, p. 130.

[162] The frontispiece of Mrs. Eastman's _Dahcotah; or, Life and Legends of the Sioux around Fort Snelling_ was painted by Captain Eastman.

[163] Appletons' _Cyclopaedia of American Biography_, Vol. II, p. 292.

[164] In his notes to _Hiawatha_ Longfellow quotes from the introduction of Mrs. Eastman's book, p. ii.--_Longfellow's Complete Poetical Works_ (Cambridge Edition), p. 666.

[165] Appletons' _Cyclopaedia of American Biography_, Vol. II, p. 292.

[166] Powell's _List of Officers of the Army of the United States, from 1779 to 1900_, p. 449; _Minnesota Historical Collections_, Vol. VIII, p. 441.

[167] _The National Cyclopaedia of American Biography_, Vol. VIII, pp. 89, 90.

[168] Rhodes's _History of the United States_, Vol. IV, p. 328.

[169] _The American Annual Cyclopaedia_, 1863, p. 816.

[170] Bancroft's _History of Oregon_, Vol. II, pp. 611, 612. For the career of General Canby see Appletons' _Cyclopaedia of American Biography_, Vol. I, pp. 517, 518.

[171] This incident is taken from Folsom's _Fifty Years in the Northwest_, pp. 755, 756. Mr. Folsom says he took it "from a St. Paul paper of 1887".

[172] For the Dred Scott case see McMaster's _A History of the People of the United States_, Vol. VIII, pp. 278, 279.

[173] _United States Statutes at Large_, Vol. I, p. 50.

[174] _United States Statutes at Large_, Vol. IV, p. 564.

[175] _United States Statutes at Large_, Vol. IV, pp. 729-739.

[176] _United States Statutes at Large_, Vol. IX, p. 395.

[177] Quoted from the complaint of the agent, Nathaniel McLean, September 25, 1850, in _Senate Documents_, 2nd Session, 31st Congress, Vol. I, Document No. 1, p. 106.

[178] _Auto-biography of Maj. Lawrence Taliaferro_ in the _Minnesota Historical Collections_, Vol. VI, p. 249.

[179] _Auto-biography of Maj. Lawrence Taliaferro_ in the _Minnesota Historical Collections_, Vol. VI, pp. 253, 254.

[180] _Minnesota Historical Collections_, Vol. VI, p. 353.

[181] Taliaferro to Crawford, July 15, 1839.--_Indian Office Files_, 1839, No. 512.

[182] These papers are in the possession of the Minnesota Historical Society. The dates covered in these diaries are from December, 1830, to June, 1831; May 25 to September 21, 1833; May 23 to August 28, 1834.

[183] These letters are in the possession of the Minnesota Historical Society. In Volume I of these letters is the following notice: "These 326 letters, are part of the great mass of correspondence received by Maj. Lawrence Taliaferro, Indian Agent at Fort Snelling, 1819-1840. They constitute but a small part of his accumulations in twenty years. The rest were burned in his house at Bedford, Pa., in 18__. It was a great loss to us, as, had they been spared, we would have received all of them. But even these 326 contain a large amount of valuable material for Minnesota history. Even as autographs they are valuable, [see autobiography of Taliaferro, Vol. 6, Coll.] These letters were given by Maj. T. in March, 1868. Arranged, bound and indexed (by J. F. W.) 1891."

[184] Photostatic copies of many of these letters were taken and are to be found in the library of the Wisconsin Historical Society, where they were consulted.

[185] These letter books are now in the possession of the Kansas State Historical Society at Topeka, where they were consulted. The only volume containing letters from Major Taliaferro is referred to as the _William Clark Papers, Correspondence, 1830-1832_.

[186] _Auto-biography of Maj. Lawrence Taliaferro_ in the _Minnesota Historical Collections_, Vol. VI, p. 253.

[187] Powell's _List of Officers of the Army of the United States, from 1779 to 1900_, p. 620. In the _Taliaferro Letters_ are many letters from William Clark and Elbert Herring in which they address Mr. Taliaferro as "major".

[188] _Taliaferro Letters_, Vol. I, No. 11. A note on this letter gives these dates.

[189] Nowhere is the date of his arrival at Fort Snelling given. In his autobiography he writes of his journey: "Jean Baptiste Faribault and family, had gone through by land, in charge of Colonel Leavenworth's horses and cows".--_Minnesota Historical Collections_, Vol. VI, p. 198. It was in the spring of 1820 that Faribault performed this service.--_Minnesota Historical Collections_, Vol. II, p. 103.

[190] Clark to the Secretary of War, August 20, 1832.--_Indian Office Files_, 1832, No. 285. For his resignation see _Indian Office Files_, 1824, No. 39.

[191] _Taliaferro's Diary_, March 24, 1831.

[192] Taliaferro to Crawford, December 12, 1839.--_Indian Office Files_, 1839, No. 516.

[193] Neill's _The History of Minnesota_ (Fourth Edition), pp. 337-339.

[194] In the report for 1850 the agency at St. Peter's is designated a "Sub-Agency".--_Senate Documents_, 2nd Session, 31st Congress, Vol. I, Document No. 1, p. 103.

[195] _Minnesota Historical Collections_, Vol. XII, pp. 339, 340.

[196] _Indian Office Files_, 1834, No. 213, 1827, No. 54, 1843, No. 222.

[197] _Minnesota Historical Collections_, Vol. XII, p. 341.