Chapter 34
Calabria, used to include Apulia, 89; its great men and natural attractions, 93; wild animals, 94; its inns, 106; race-character of natives, 109; their hardiness, 209; their philosophical bent, 291; inhabited before the flood, 119; situation of inland towns, i io, 200; their squalor, 128,206; older descriptions of, 134, 142; English travellers in, 181; modern French researches, 186; changeinlandscapeandclimate, 219, 241, 284-287; its rivers, 286; wistfulness of scenery, 320. See _Malaria._
Calamo, river, 196.
_Calascione Scordato,_ a poem, 131.
Calendaro, river, io, 21.
Calypso, island, 284, 319.
Camorra, 57, 125, 279.
Campanella, T., philosopher, 282, 292.
_Campanula fragilis,_ 225.
Campo di Bova, upland, 272.
Campo Tenese, village, 123.
Cantù, C., 190.
Capaccio, bishop of, 212.
Capasso, B., 3.
Capialbi, V., 136, 320.
Capmartin de Chaupy, on Bandusian Fount, 43-45.
Caprasia. See _Tarsia._
Carafa, village, 293.
Carducci, commentator, 80.
Carducci, poet, 5.
Carob-tree, its cultivation neglected, 49.
Caroline, Queen, 215.
Carthusian monasteries, 293-294.
Caruso, brigand, 214.
Casalnuovo, village, 271, 272.
Caserta, palace of, 139, 204.
Casimir of Poland, prince, 75.
Casino, village, 207.
Cassano, town, 121, 176.
Cassiodorus, 221.
Castaldi, G., 284. Castel del Monte, 11, 12.
Castel del Monte, 11, 12.
Castel Fiorentino, 8.
Castelvetere. See _Caulonia. “_
Castle of the Giant,” 19.
Castrovillari, its origin, 119; old town, 121; colony of Jews, 122.
Catacomb-worship, 27; at Venosa, 38.
“Cataldiados,” a baroque poem, 67.
Cataldo, saint, his shrine and biographies, 67.
Catanzaro, 172, 223; its museum, 224, 226.
Catherine of Siena, saint, 38.
Cats in south Italy, 119-120.
Caulonia, a mediæval site, 281; its castle, 282; immunity from malaria, 284.
Cavalotti, F., politician, 108-109.
Cavara, Signor, 285.
Cave-worship, its origins and priestly uses, 23.
Celli, Prof., 288, 298.
Cellular confinement, 240, 276.
Cemeteries in Italy, their charm, 2, 299.
Cemetery of Reggio, 235.
Cenna, surviving Roman family, chronicler of Venosa, 32, 33, 43.
_Cerauli,_ snake-killers, 138.
Cerchiara, village, 147.
Cerino, brigand, 215.
Cetara, Saracen stronghold, 137.
Cetraro, erection of postal letter-box at, 304.
Charity, a form of self-indulgence, 311.
Charles of Anjou, 7-8.
Chastity-ideal, poisons literature, 260.
Cheeses of Pollino, 142, 149; of Sila, 221.
Chemists, an authoritative class, 105, 307.
Cherub, a decayed conception, 24.
Chestnuts, destruction of, 220; of Tarentum, 285.
Children, as wage-earners in America, 50; massacre of illegitimate, 59; sold by contract, 97; kidnapped for sale to Turks, 139.
China, its dragon-god, 104.
Cholera, 26, 128, 157, 172, 173.
Christian names, degeneration in, 57-58.
Church, Sir R., 77.
Cicadas, their uses, 182; of Reggio, 284.
Cimigliano, village, 205.
Circilla, upland, 219, 222.
Ciro, priest-brigand, 77.
Cirò, its wine, 306.
Cività, village, 153.
Cluver, Ph., 175.
Coachmen, how to manage, 17.
Cocynthum promontory (Punta di Stilo), 284.
Codex of Rossano, 114.
Cœnobitism develops out of eremitism, 112-113.
Colajanni, Prof., 278.
Cola Pesce, the diver, 228-229.
Colletta, P., 64, 212; _quoted,,_ 213.
Colognati, river, 197.
“Colonia Elena,” 96.
Colorito, convent, 143-144.
Colour-sense of peasantry, 51-52.
Columella, 80, 285.
Column, Cape and temple-ruin at Cotrone, 301, 308, 318 _seq._
Commercial travellers, an objectionable brood, 31, 296.
Comparetti, D., 272.
Condofuri, village, 272.
Confessors and penitents, 258.
Conradin, 7-8.
_Contranome,_ the Happy Hazards of, 54-56.
_Controra,_ the ominous hour, 321.
Cook, Eliza, 180.
Cookery, English contrasted with Italian, 125.
“Co-operation,” a local journal, 206.
Copertino, town, 71.
Corace, river, 195.
Coral fisheries, abandoned, 286.
Corigliano, town, 96, 115, 173, 184, 191.
Coronelli, V., 175.
Corsairs, destroy Manfredonia, 12; contrasted with Saracens, 138; their destructiveness, 139; depopulate sea-board, 140; crushed by steam, 141.
Corsi, F., 91.
Cortese, Prof., 270.
Coscile (Sybaris), river, 122, 172, 175.
“Cose di Puglie,” a remarkable book, 89.
Cosenza, Saracenism at, 134, 135; a pleasant town, 160; corrupt administration of, 193; described by Pacicchelli, 208; intellectual record and malaria, 287, 291.
Costanza, Queen, 7, 8.
Costanzo, A., 3.
Costumes, female, of Morano, 130; of Albanian colonies, 152-153, 178, 182; of San Giovanni, 205-206; of Tiriolo, 225.
Cotrone (Croton), 135, 207; its former size, 283; marshy surroundings, 286; recent revival, 297; lack of rainfall, 305.
Cotronei, 184.
Cotton-plant, 136. .
Courier, P. L., _quoted,_ 212.
Cows, shod for threshing corn, 121; their milk disparaged, 149; in the Sila, 220; resuscitated from death, 261; of Cotrone, 301.
Crati (Crathis), river, 108, 213, 287; its “deluge,” 174; change of course, 175; legend of, 197.
Craven, Keppel, 80, 95, 294.
Crimes committed by brigands, 212, 215.
Crispi, F., 191.
“Cristiano,” origin of term, 138.
Croce Greca, a landmark, 195.
Cropolati, village, 198.
Crossbills, 205.
Cruelty to animals, 120.
Cryptomerias, futile love of, I, 83.
Cuma;, 119.
Cuomo, A., 264.
Cuomo Library, Naples, 67.
Cysat, J. L., 104.
Date-palm, 83, 136.
D’Azeglio, _quoted,_ 217.
Death-penalty, preface of civilization, 276.
Decentralization of south Italy, 194, 250, 303.
Deforestation, impairs climate and national character, 12-13; fosters malaria, 32, 286; in Apulia, 44; at Castrovillari, 121; in Pollino region, 147-148; in “Greek” Sila, 180, 195; in Greater Sila, 207, 217, 218, 223; diminishes water-supply, 180, 217; in Crati-valley, 287.
Deities, sullied by vulgar contact, 24; must be plastic to survive, 25.
Delianuova, town, 240, 241, 245, 274.
_Delizie Tarentine,_ 80.
Deluge, legend of, 174.
Democritus of Abdera, 312.
Demon of Midday, 321.
Demosthenes, 27, 279.
Deputy, my friend the Roman, on the need of employing employes, 20; discusses octroi officials, 34; how to manage the bourgeoisie, 87; disapproves of English methods, 117-119.
Devil, his perennial popularity, 25; his honesty, 266.
Diabetic tendency inherent in all gods, 25.
Diehl, C., 108, 186.
Dieting, improper, responsible for moral delinquencies, 126-127.
Diomed, city-founder, 29.
“Dog-eyed,” opprobrious epithet, too, 120.
Dogs, eaten as medicine, 57; their diet and appearance, 119; Greek attitude towards, 120.
Dolcedorme, mountain-range, 108, 142, 143.
Dolomieu, C. de, 234.
_Domicilio coatto,_ system of, 276.
Dominican monks, 252, 258, 259.
Dorsa, V., 310.
_Draco volans._ See _dragon._
Dragonara, Dragoneria, 112.
Dragone, rivulet, 100.
Dragon, synonymous with serpent, 100; possible prototypes in nature, 101; an animistic conception, 102; dragon-attributes and shapes, 103; recent degeneration of, 104.
Duret de Tavel, on game in Calabria, 95; on brigands, 202, 212.
Earth-movements, 284-285.
Earthquakes, injure Venosa, 31, 38; Rossano, 113; Reggio and Messina, 230-239; Bagnara, 242; Sant’ Eufemia, 243; Bova, 273; their effect on coast-line, 285. Eboli, C. d’, 256.
Ecclesiastics under Bourbons, prodigious numbers of, 212.
Edrisius, _quoted,_ 109, 286, 298.
Education, Italian ideas on, 185.
Eels, resuscitated from death, 261.
Egidio, saint, 260-264.
Elba, island, 240.
Elia Junior, saint, in.
Elia Spelaeotes, saint, 111-112.
Elias, saint, displaces Helios, 188.
Elvira, Council of, 153.
Emigrants to America, their wine-bibbing propensities and intelligence, 21-22; other characteristics, 146, 209.
Emigration, reduces population, 28, 49, 209; its effect on the race, 48, 50, 97, 194, 210; breaks up big properties, 289.
English government, encourages brigandage, 212,
Englishmen, considered savages, 5.
English mentality, contrasted with Italian, 66, 91, 117, 123, 124, 179, 248, 265, 311.
English travellers in south Italy, 181, 280.
Ennius, 79.
Envy, prevalent native vice, 126, 127, 129.
Ephesus, synod of, 259.
Epictetus, 251.
Erasmus, 264.
Eros, degenerates into Cupid, 25.
Esaro, river (i), 172.
Esaro, river (2), 297.
Espedito, saint, 4.
Eucalyptus trees, a scandalous growth, 97, 98.
Euprassius, protospadarius of Calabria, 111.
Evelyn, John, 136.
Exmouth, Lord, 139.
Eye-like appearance of fountains, originates dragon-legends, 100.
Fabbrizia, town, 292, 293.
Fair complexion, at Venosa, 33; prejudice against, 209; eliminated by malaria, 225.
Falcone, N., 161.
Fallistro, mountain, 196.
Fallow-deer, now extinct, 95, 146.
Family, south Italian sense of, 124, 179, 279.
_Fare figura,_ an Italian trait, 65.
Fata Morgana, 228.
Ferdinand, king, 140, 212.
Ferdinand the Catholic, 122.
Ferdinandea, upland, 292.
Festivals, nocturnal, 153.
Feudal conditions in Calabria, 97; re-creation of, 316.
Fever. See _Malaria._
Fever, Maltese, 286.
“Fiamuri Arberit,” Albanian journal, 190.
Figs, different varieties of, 50-51.
Fiore, G., 113, 142, 175, 176, 186, 208, 286.
Firs, 146, 203, 222, 269; used as cow-fodder, 149; white firs, 285, 295.
Fishermen, their antique habits, 81.
Fulminicà, river, 197.
Fleas, at Spinazzola, 63.
Flora, of mountain parts, 145, 223; change in distribution, 285.
Floriacense, monastery, 207.
Flute, the double, 178.
Flying Monk. See _Joseph of Copertino._
Focà, village, 281; depopulated by malaria, 283; revival of, 289.
Foggia, 7, 8, 10.
Forbiger, A., 195.
Forense (Fiorenza), 32.
Forests, of Policoro, 95; Pollino, 146-148; Sila, 204, 220; Italian, contrasted with Russian, 222; Gariglione, 222-223; of Serra, 295.
Forgeries, literary, 143.
Fortis, A., 228.
_Fosse canarie,_ 300.
Fossombrone, town, 72.
Fountains, connected with dragon-legends, 101-104.
Francatripa, brigand, 211, 215.
Francavilla, town, 147.
Francesco di Paola, saint, 257.
Francis II, king, 214.
Francis of Assisi, saint, 18, 74, 75, 254.
Franciscan monks, 75, 160, 252, 258.
Frangipani, 7, 137.
Frederick II (Barbarossa), fortifies Lucera, 2; his affection for Saracens, 3; a modern type, 6; keeps a harem, 7; his treasures at Venosa, 37; introduces pheasants, 96.
Freemasonry, prevalence of, 183.
French, their repression of brigandage, 144, 202, 212.
Frida, river, 151.
Frogs, as mosquito-catchers, 99.
Fromentin, E., 155.
Frungillo, R., 261.
Galaesus, river, 80.
Galateus (Ferrari, A. de’), 89.
Galen, 283.
Galoppano, forestal station, 204.
Gardens, public, at Lucera, I; Manfredonia, 14; Taranto, 83; Catanzaro, 224; Messina, 231.
Gargano, mount, 2, 7, 21, 32; Byzantine influence at, 17.
Garibaldi, 183, 214, 240.
Gariglione, forest, 222.
Gaudolino, valley of, 144, 157.
Gay, Jules, 186.
Gebhardt & Harnack, on Codex of Rossano, 114.
Gecko, reputed poisonous, 205, Gelasius, pope, 262.
_Genista anglica,_ 223.
Genovese, Dr. F., his malaria researches, 283, 284, 286, 290.
George, saint, his dragon, 103.
Gerace (Locri), 137, 274, 284, 285.
_Germanese_ and _tedesco,_ contradistinguished, 77.
Gesner, Konrad, 100.
Gessner, Salamon, 315.
Giadrezze, fountain, 80.
Giangiuseppe della Croce, saint, 253-255, 263.
Giannone, P., 4.
Gioia, town, 241.
Gioioso, town, 292.
“Giornale d’ Italia,” _quoted,_ 115.
Giovene, G., 89.
Gissing, G., on Galaesus, 80; description of Reggio, 236; at Cotrone, 296-301; on Pythagoras, 309.
Giudice, G. del, 139.
Gladstone, W. E., 190.
Glasgow, its morality, 154.
“Glories of Mary,” 259.
Goats, a baneful quadruped, 149, 286.
Goethe, 237, 280.
Gothic attitude towards nature, 42; towards religion, 266.
Gourmont, R. de, 91.
_Graffiti,_ their sociological import, 200.
Grandis, de, 53.
Grano, panegyrist of Calabria, 135.
Grant, J., 242.
Gratitude, southern sense of, 123.
Gravière, J. de la, 141.
“Grazie,” a word seldom used, 123.
Greco, L. M., 197.
Greek Comedy, 153.
Greeks, medieval. See _Byzantines._
Greeks, their treatment of animals, 120; notions of gratitude, 123-124; survival of traits and words, 53, 81, 196, 209, 310; close observers of natural history, 100.
Green colour, in nature, 52; in mankind, 129.
Gregorovius, F., 17, 88, 307. Grottaglie, town, 68, 77-79. Grottole, 77.
Grotto-apparitions, 23, 154. Guiscard, Robert, 137. Gumppenberg, G., 259.
Guiscard, Robert, 137.
Gumppenberg, G., 259.
Haller, C., 53.
Hair-cutting, æsthetics of, 81.
Hamilton, Sir W., 228, 242.
Hannibal, 31, 64, 299.
Harnack, A., 114.
Haseloff, H. E. G., on purple Codex, 114.
Hat of the Virgin Mary, 243, 265.
Haym, N. F., 144.
Hearn, L., 209.
Hehn, V., 222.
Heinsius, D., 175.
Helios, survives as St. Elias, 188.
Hellenic art, its originality explained, 75. See _Greeks._
Hepidanus, chronicler, 135.
Hera, temple of. See _Column._
Heraclea, 89, 97.
Herbs, lore of, 58; on Mount Pollino, 142-143.
Herculaneum, its buried treasures, 115.
Hercules, 23, 27.
Hermits in Calabria, 111-112.
Herodotus, 175.
Hesiod, 100.
Hippocratic oath, 297.
Hipponium. See _Montdeone,_
Hohenstaufen, their fate avenged, 6-8.
Home, south Italian feeling for, 179.
Homer, his colour-sense, 52; on dragons, 100, 101; his idea of gifts, 123-124; his “Ore of Temese,” 202.
_Homo ibericus,_ 109.
Horace, 80, 154, 197; on Garganian winds, 21; his house at Venosa, 31; praises the simple life but enjoys good food, 41; the perfect anti-sentimentalist, 42; on Bandusian Fount, 43 _seq.;_ approves of being genially unwise, 46; his _duplex ficus,_ 51; hatred of avarice, 218.
Huillard-Bréholles, I. L. A., 37, 186.
Humanitarians, their ferocity, 312.
Humour in south Italy, 58.
Huxley, T. H., 264.
Hymenæus, 39.
Ibn Alathir, 135.
Ibn Chaldun, 135.
Illegitimate infants, massacre of, 58-59.
“Il Saraceno,” journal, 4.
Imbriani, politician, 108.
Index, Congregation of, 260.
Industrialism, Italian craze for, 48, 148.
Inn-keepers, how to deal with, 106-108.
Innocent IV., 7.
Inquisition, 258, 260.
Intellectual undercurrent in south Italy, 33, 89, 188, 201.
“Interesse” (self-advantage), a guiding motive, 124.
Ionic spirit, traces of, 208; defies religious asceticism, 252.
Iorio, A. di, 51.
Italian government, plays at numbering houses, 20; punishes original ideas, 35.
Italian heritage from Romans, 42, 277.
Italian music, its primitive appeal, 5, 231-232.
Italy, the original district so called, 195.
Jackdaws, discard their voices, 37.
Janace, forest, 146.
Januarius, saint, 249, 251.
Japygia, land of, 68.
Jerome, saint, 153.
Jesuits, 97, 249.
Jesus Christ, how regarded, 248.
Jews, colony at Venosa, 38; at Castrovillari, 122; at Caulonia and elsewhere, 282; change in their race-characteristics, 126.
Johannes a S. Antonio, 162.
Johannes of Longobucco, 202.
John, saint, his blood, 251.
Johnson-Cory, W., 315.
Jones, W. M., on malaria, 290.
Joseph, saint, 250.
Joseph of Copertino, saint, his biographies, 69; feats of aviation, 71-72; takes a passenger, 73; his semi-cretinism, 74; why born in a stable, 75; beatification and penitences, 76, 78.
Justice in south Italy, 278, 279.
Justinus, _quoted,_ 221.
Juvenal, 259.
Kant, E., 310.
Kerrich, Mr., his briar-industry, 270.
Kestrels, fishing for, 129.
Kheir-eddin, pirate, 140.
King and Okey, _quoted,_ 279.
“King Marcone,” brigand, 214.
Kircher, A., _quoted,_ 105.
Kissing, in life and literature, 315.
Knox, John, 310.
Konrad von Hildesheim, _quoted,_ 138.
Labonia, F. M., 202.
“La Cattolica,” church at Stilo, ill.
Lagonegro, town, 147.
Lakes, construction of artificial, 217; created by earthquakes, 285.
Lamartine, A. M., 190.
Lamb, Charles, 14.
Lambton Worm, a dragon, 102.
“Lamenti,” plaints in rime, 140.
Landslides, their destructive frequency, 218; how repaired, 293.
“La Quistione Meridionale,” a book, 278.
Lasor a Varea (Savonarola), 67, 144.
Latin points of view, opposed to Gothic, 42, 266.
Latinisms of speech, survival of, 53.
Latronico, village, 147.
Laurentius, bishop of Sipontum, 17.
Lauria, Roger de, 7, 8.
Law-breaking, unsuspected joys of, 36.
Lear, E., 40, in, 134.
Lefroy, E. C., 315.
Lenormant, F., on Manfredonia, 12; on Trinità abbey, 38; on Sybaris, 115; on Pandosia, 196; on Byzantine colonies, 272; at Bivona, 320; his zest of knowledge, 321.
Leone da Morano, 144.
Leoni, N., 131, 161, 228.
Leoni (government official), 271.
Leo XIII, 263.
Lese, river, 205, 220.
Lesina, 7, 21.
Lewes, G. H., 267.
Ligorio, P., arch-forger, 143.
Liguori, A. di, saint, 256, 257, 259, 260.
“L’ Inglese,” brigand, 212.
Lions of Lucera, 3; of Venosa, 32.
Lipari, island, 276.
Lipuda, river, 197.
Lister, Lord, 312.;
Li Tartari, mountain, 196.
Livy, 197.
Lizard, the emerald, 205.
L’ Occaso, author, 134.
Locri. See _Gerace._
Lombroso, C., 128, 278.
Longobucco, 195; its “Hotel Vittoria,” 199, 201; situation, 200; intellectual life, 201; silver mines, 202.
Lorenzo, G. de, 39.
Lorenzo (Lawrence), saint, his dragon-legend, n, 102; his fat, 251.
Louis of France, saint, 7.
Love of noise, a local trait, 53.
Love-affairs, how managed, 84-86.
Lucanians, 197, 221.
Lucca oil, 241.
Lucera, its castle, 2, 6; museum, 3; landscape in spring, 6.
Lucifero, a sacrilegious bishop, 319.
Ludwig II, complains of Saracens, 138.
Luke, saint, paints Madonna portraits at Sipontum, 30; at Caulonia, 282; at Cotrone, 306.
Lupi-Crisafi, author, 228.
Lupoli, M. A., 31, 39.
Luther, his creed repressed, 252.
Luynes, duc de, 186.
Luzard (lynx), an absent-minded beast, 94, 222.
Lycanthropy, epidemic of, 176.
Maccheroni, the art of engulphing, 297.
Macchia, village, 178, 180, 188 _seq._
Madonna, declines in artistic worth, 24; her realistic diet, 61; _della Fita,_ 93; _acbiropita,_ 108, 113, 114; _del Patir,_ in; her friendship with St. Nilus, 114; _del Castello,_ 122; _della Libera,_ 140; _di Constantinopoli,_ 140; of Pollino, picnic in honour of, 151 _seq.; put up to auction,_ 156; of Messina, 230, 237; absorbs Greek deities, 247; _dell’ Arco,_ 249; _del Soccorso,_ 249; of Pompei, 249; _of the Hens,_ 250; displaces saint-worship, 248-251; her Sacred Hat, 243, 265; her Milk, 250; increases in popularity, 259, 264; _del Carmine,_ 301.
Maecenas, 41.
Maffei, A., 215.
Magic, instances of sympathetic, 57; imported from Egypt, 58, 251.
Magini, G. A., 97, 175.
Magna Mater, 108, 153, 259.
Mahaffy, J. P., 124.
Maida, plain of, 240, 241.
Malaria, at Manfredonia, 12; at Sipontum, 30; Venosa, 32; Policoro, 98; old Sybaris, 115, 282-283; on Tyrrhenian sea-board, 241; at Focà, 283, 289; at Cotrone, 284, 291, 298; at Cosenza, 287, 291.
Malaria, votive offerings due to, 152; eliminates fair complexion, 225; propagated by deforestation, 32, 286, 287; by artificial irrigation, 241; by migrations of labourers, 284; by recent climatic changes, 285; by earthquake subsidences, 285; follows river-beds, 286; endemic for two thousand years, 283; contributes to decline of old civilizations, 290; ravages among French troops, 241, 287; spread and significance of the disease, 287, 291; methods of combating, 288; results of quinine-policy, 289.
Male selection, among Hellenic races, 209.
_Malizia_ (cleverness), 47, 124.
Mallock, W. H., 265.
Malpica, C., 114.
Mammon, the god of emigrants, 22.
Mammone, brigand, 212.
Manfred, his infatuation for Saracens, 3; fate of his sons, 8 j) his name survives, 45.
Manfredonia, its harbour, II; burnt by Corsairs, 12; wineshops and burglaries, 15.
Manhes, General, his methods, 213, 214; at Bagnara, 242; at Serra, 293.
Manna ash, 93, 121.
Manzi, brigand, 214, 215.
Marafioti, G., 143.
Marbles, on beach at Taranto, 9!; Roman technique of cutting, 92.
Marcellinara, village, 205.
Marcellus, tomb of, 31.
Marchesato, district, 284.
Marchianò, M., 188.
Marchianò, S., 187.
Marcone, N., 243.
Marcus Aurelius, 251.
Margaret, saint, gratifying results of her autopsy, 258.
Marino, poet, 23, 169, 259.
Mariolatry, engenders effeminate saints, 259.
Marincola, L., 139.
Marincola Pistoia, D., 197.
Mark, saint, his church at Rossano, III; displaced by St. Rosalia, 247.
Mars, 27.
Martial, 53, 80.
Martorana, C., 135.
Mary, Virgin. See _Madonna._
Masci, A., 176.
Mater Domini, convent, 251.
Matera, town, 138.
Matthew Paris, _quoted,_ 7.
“Mattino,” a venal daily, 303.
Mazzara, town, 93.
Mazzella, Sc., 136.
Mazziotti, Prof. G., 183.
Meander, river, 100.
Medicines, compounded from animals, 57.
Mele, S., 53.
Melfi, town, 38.
Melito, town, 137.
Melliss, J. C., 286.
Mendicino, village, 197.
Mephitis, goddess of malaria, 32.
Mercer, Mr., 278.
Mercury, 26, 27.
Merenzata, river, 197.
Messapians, 65.
Messina, its Fata Morgana, 228; legend of Cola Pesce, 228-229; public gardens, 231; effects of earthquake, 236-239.
Metapontum, 119, 284, 289.
Metchnikoff, E., 68.
Mice, eaten as medicine, 56.
Michael, saint, pre-renaissance relief of, 14; a cave-saint on Gargano, 17; childish and emasculate character, 23-29; affinities with older gods, 23, 26, 27; stripped of his higher attributes, 28; a mere ghost, 29.
Middle Ages, their influence upon dragon-idea, 104.
Milk of the Virgin Mary, 250-251.
“Millionaires” of Acri, 195; of Cotrone, 302.
Milo of Croton, defeats Sybarites, 196; devoured by wolves, 222.
“Milosao,” Albanian rhapsodies, 190, 191.
Milton, indebtedness to S. della Salandra, 160 _seq.;_ to other Italian poets, 169; friendship with Marquis Manzo, 168, 169; manuscripts at Cambridge, 170; his “grand manner,” 171.
Minasi, A., 228.
Minieri-Riccio, C., 160.
Misasi, N., 294.
Mistletoe, on fir-trees, 203.
Mithra, 27, 309.
Moens, Mr., captured by brigands, 214.
Moltedo, F. T., 53.
Mommsen, T., 31.
Monasterace, village, 281.
Monasteries, develop out of hermitages, 112; refuge of brigands, 144, 215.
Monastic orders, competition between, 258.
Mondragone, mountain, 102.
Monk, the Flying. See _Joseph of Copertina._
Monnier, M., 215.
“Montagna del Principe,” 123, 144.
Montalto, mountain, 269, 274.
Montanari, G. I., 69, 74.
Monteleone (Hipponium), town, 119, 137, 241.
Monte Nero, 217, 220.
Montorio, S., 114, 259, 264, 282.
Monumentomania, an Italian disease, 4.
Moon, superstitions regarding, 59.
Moore, John, 139.
Morality, to be expressed in physiological terms, 126.
Morano, its great age and greater filth, 128; Saracen memories, 130; its literary glories, 131, 132.
Morelli, T., 177, 272.
Moritz, K. P., 140.
Morone, C., 67.
Morosi, G., 272.
Moscato, author, 135.
Motor services, replace diligence, 123, 225.
Mountains, Italian dislike of, 143.
Movers, F. C., 56.
Mucone (? Acheron), river, 195-197.
Müller, Max, 51.
Müller, Prof., 38.
Münter, F., 229.
Murat, 123, 213, 214.
Muratori, L. A., 13, 135.
Murders, due to wine-bibbing, 244, 246.
Murge hills, 63, 64.
Museum, of Lucera, 3; Taranto, 88; British, 119, 161, 197; of Catanzaro, 224, 226, 316; Reggio, 236.
Mushroom-stone, 93, 222.
Musolino, brigand, 211, 270, 272; his fate, 240; episodes of, 271, 281; a victim of inept legislation, 275, 278.
Mussulman epitaph, 3.
Mutilomania, an Italian disease, 83.
Mythopoetic faculty, blighted by misrule, 100.
Naples, its catacombs, 25, 247; municipality and octroi-system, 34; survival of Hellenic traits at, 53; scandal of Foundling Hospital, 59; camorra, 125; corrupt police-force, 279; its daily press, 303.
Napoleon, protects trees, 218.
Nardo di Pace, village, 292.
Nasi, ex-minister, his trial, 280.
Nau, cape. See _Column._
National monuments, neglected, 39.
Neaithos, river. See _Neto._
Neri, Filippo, saint, 258.
Neto (Neaithos), river, 205, 206, 219, 220; wine of district, 307; change in landscape, 314.
Newspapers andpublic opinion, 277; characteristics of local,3O3-305.
“New York Times,” on Sybaris, 116.
Nicastro, town, 241.
Niceforo, A., 252.
Nicephoras Phocas, 81, 281.
Niehbuhr, B. G., 272.
Nilus, builder-saint, 114.
Nilus, saint, 105, 108, no.
Nissen, H., 219.
Noepoli, village, 149.
Nola-Molisi, G. B., 298, 320.
Nordau, M., 74.
Normans, buried at Venosa, 38; their behaviour in Sicily, 137.
North, W., 290.
Nowairi, historian, 135.
Nutrition, its effect upon physique and morals, 125-127.