Chapter 22

+--------------------------------+------+-------- LINE. |SERVICE. |Ships.|Tonnage. ------------------------------+--------------------------------+------+-------- Cunard, Paddle-wheel, |Liverpool, New-York, Boston, and| 8| 12,000 |Halifax, | | " Screw, | " " " " | 4| 4,800 North Atlantic Steamship Co., |St. John's and Portland, | 3| 4,800 European and American S. S. |Bremen, Antwerp, Southampton, & | 4| 10,000 Co.,|New-York, | | " " " " |Bremen, Antwerp, Southampton, to| 4| 9,000 |Brazil, | | London and Canada, |London and Montreal, | 2| 1,870 Liverpool and Canadian, |Liverpool and Quebec, | 4| 5,000 Liv., Philadelphia, and | " " New-York, | 4| 8,700 New-York,| | | Glasgow and New-York, |Glasgow and New-York, | 3| 6,200 Belgian Transatlantic, |Antwerp and New-York, | 4| 8,800 " " | " " Brazil, | 5| 6,500 Hamburg and American, |Hamburg and New-York, | 4| 7,300 " " Brazilian,[K] |Hamburg and Rio de Janeiro, | 2| 4,500 Genoa and Brazilian, |Genoa, " " | 4| 8,000 Royal Mail Co., |Southampton, West-Indies, | 18| 21,510 | Central America,| | | South-America,| | " " | " Per., Rio, Bahia, | 4| 6,820 | and La Plata,| | Pacific Steam Navigation Co., |Panama to Valparaiso and | 7| 5,719 |intermediate, | | Peninsular and Oriental Co., |Portugal, Spain, Malta, | 39| 49,416 |Alexandria, East-Indies, China, | | |and Australia, | | Europ. and Australian Royal |Southampton, Alexandria, Suez, | 7| 15,500 Mail Co.,|and Sydney, | | Australian Royal Mail Co., |Transport and other, | 4| 7,800 Rotterdam and Mediterranean, |Rotterdam, Leghorn, and Trieste,| 4| 1,900 North of Europe Steam |African, | 4| 3,200 Navigation Co.,| | | McIver's, |Liverpool and Mediterranean, | 10| 9,000 " | " " Havre, | 2| 2,000 Bibby's, |Liverpool and Mediterranean, | 11| 11,700 Fowler's, | " " " | 6| 7,500 Dixon's, | " " " | 4| 8,800 Liverpool and Australian, | " and Australia, | 2| 7,000 London " " |London and " | 4| 7,500 African, | " Liverpool, and Africa, | 5| 5,000 Union Screw Co., |Southampton and Cape Good Hope, | 3| 1,800 Luzo-Brazileira, |Lisbon and Brazil, | 4| 8,000 Austrian Lloyds, |Very large Mediterranean | | Unknown |service, | | Messageries Imperiales, |Mediterranean, Black Sea, | 50| "[L] |Levant, | | W. Hartlepool Steam Navigation|Hartlepool, Hamburg, and St. | 6| " Co.,|Petersburg, | | Danube Steam Navigation Co., |Vienna, Galatz, and | 6| " |Constantinople, | | Hamburg and Spanish, |Hamburg, Southampton, and all | 2| 2,000 |Spanish ports, | | East-India Company, |Suez and India, and the Bombay | 12| 11,471 |Mail lines, | | Spanish and Cuban, |Cadiz, Havana, and Mexico, | 5| 9,000 Companhia Brazileira, |Rio de Janeiro to the Amazon and| 7| 5,500 |La Plata, | | Collins Company, |New-York and Liverpool, | 3| 9,727 Havre Steam Navigation Co., | " Southampton, and Havre,| 2| 4,548 Cornelius Vanderbilt, | " " " Bremen,| 3| 6,523 United States Mail Steamship |New-York, Havana, Aspinwall, & | 6| 8,544 Co.,|New-Orleans, | | Pacific Mail Steamship Co., |Panama, California, and Oregon, | 13| 16,421 New-York and New-Orleans, |New-York, Havana, and | 2| 3,198 | New-Orleans,| | New-York and Alabama, | " " " Mobile, | 1| 1,300 Charleston and Havana, |Charleston, Key West, and | 1| 1,115 |Havana, | | Savannah Steamship Co., |New-York and Savannah, | 4| 4,793 New-York and Charleston St. S.| " " Charleston, | 4| 4,680 Co.,| | | " " Virginia, | " Norfolk, and Richmond, | 2| 2,371 Philadelphia and Savannah, |Philadelphia and Savannah, | 2| 2,600 Boston and Baltimore, |Boston and Baltimore, | 2| 1,600 Texas Steamship Co., |New-Orleans and Galveston, | 4| 2,400 Southern Steamship Co., | " " Key West, | 2| 1,000 Mexican Steamship Co., | " Tampico and Vera Cruz,| 1| 960 ------------------------------+--------------------------------+------+--------

[K] Building another steamer of 2,500 tons for the Brazil line.

[L] These vessels average about 250 horses' power each. Their tonnage is large, probably 1,200 tons each.

There are several other lines of ocean steamers in Europe; but it is almost impossible to ascertain anything definite about them. The list above embraces all of the most important companies of the world. The lines are continually changing, while the vessels are passing into new hands almost every week.

PAPER G.

The following official letter from Hon. Horatio King explains itself.

Post-Office Department, } Washington, Nov. 12, 1857. }

Sir: In answer to your letter of 10th inst., I have to inform you, that the ocean mail steamship lines now under contract with the Government for the conveyance of mails, are as follows, namely:

1. The New-York and Liverpool (Collins) Line, performing twenty round trips per annum, at an annual compensation of $385,000. Length of route, 3,100 miles.

2. The New-York and Bremen Line, _via_ Southampton, performing thirteen round trips per annum, for the gross amount of United States postages, (sea and inland.) Length of route, 3,700 miles.

3. The New-York and Havre Line, _via_ Southampton, performing thirteen round trips per annum for the gross amount of United States postages, (sea and inland.) Length of route, 3,270 miles.

4. The New-York, Havana, New-Orleans, and Aspinwall Line, performing twenty-four round trips per annum, at an annual compensation of $290,000. Length of routes 2,000 miles from New-York to Aspinwall _direct_; 2,000 miles from New-York to New-Orleans _via_ Havana; and 1,200 miles from Havana to Aspinwall; making in all, 5,200 miles.

5. The Astoria, San Francisco, and Panama Line, performing twenty-four round trips per annum, at an annual compensation of $348,250. Length of route, 4,200 miles.

6. The Charleston, Savannah, Key West, and Havana Line, performing twenty-four round trips per annum, at an annual compensation of $60,000. Length of route, 669 miles.

7. The New-Orleans and Vera Cruz Line, performing twenty-four round trips per annum, at $1,210.93 the round trip. Length of route, 900 miles.

The contracts on these lines expire as follows, namely:

New-York and Liverpool (Collins) Line, 27th April, 1860. New-York and Bremen Line, 1st June, 1858. New-York and Havre Line, 1st June, 1858. New-York, New-Orleans, and Aspinwall Line, 1st Oct., 1859. Astoria and Panama Line, 1st Oct., 1858. Charleston and Havana Line, 30th June, 1859. New-Orleans and Vera Cruz Line, 30th June, 1858.

I am very respectfully your obedient servant,

HORATIO KING.

To DR. THOMAS RAINEY.

PAPER H.

THE FRENCH, ENGLISH, AND AMERICAN NAVIES.

The following list is kindly furnished me by Hon. Wm. A. Harris, of Washington. The French list is taken from the "_Tableau General des Batiments a Voiles et a Vapeur composant les Flottes de la Marine Imperiale Francaise_."

SAILING VESSELS.

SHIPS OF 120 GUNS.--Ocean, Friedland, Ville de Paris, Valmy.

SHIPS OF 100 GUNS.--Hercule, Temmasses, Tage Turenne.

SHIPS OF 90 GUNS.--Jena, Suffren, Bayard, Breslau, Hector, Achille, Eole, Santi-Petri, Tilsitt, Sceptic, Castiglione.

SHIPS OF 86 GUNS.--Diademe, Neptune, Jupiter.

SHIPS OF 82 GUNS.--Marengo, Trident, Ville de Marsailles, Alger, Triton, Duperre, Genereux, Latour d'Auvergne, Saint-Louis.

FRIGATES OF 60 GUNS.--Iphigenie, Independante, Didon, Uranie, Belle-Poulle, Surveillante, Andromaque, Forte, Minerve, Melpomene, Perseverante, Renomme, Vengeance, Etrepienante, Victoire, Semiramis, Guerrierre, Pallas, Semillante.

FRIGATES OF 52 GUNS.--Alceste, Calypso, Sirene, Atlante, Andromede, Nereide, Zenobie, Sybille.

FRIGATES OF 50 GUNS.--Reine Blanche, Cleopatre, Danae, Virginie, Poursuivante, Pandore, Nemesis, Bellonne, Amazone, Astree, Junon, Hermione, Dryade, Circe, Flore.

FRIGATES OF 46 GUNS.--Thetis, Armide, Grigone, Margicienne, Africane, Penelope, Medee.

FRIGATES OF 40 GUNS.--Constitution, Psyche, Clorinde, Heliopolis, Jeanne d'Arc, Algerie, Resolue, Tiris, Ceres, Armorique.

CORVETTES OF 30 GUNS.--Ariane, Thisbe, Heroine, Alemene, Embuscade, Sabine, Aventure, Favorite, Jeanne-Hochette, Corneline, Circe, Cybele.

CORVETTES OF 28 GUNS.--Arethuse, Bayonnaise, Arthemise, Galatee, Serieuse, Eurydice, Capricieuse, Constantine.

CORVETTES OF 24 GUNS.--Brillante, Naide, Creole, Danaide, Triomphante.

CORVETTES OF 20 GUNS.--Camille, Bergere, Iguala, Coquette, Echo.

CORVETTES OF 16 GUNS.--Diligente, Cornelie, Egle, Perle, Oritie.

CORVETTES OF 14 GUNS.--Astrolabe, Zelee, Prevoyante, Expeditive, Recherche, Active, Indienne, Sarcelle, Prudente, Indefatigable, Emulation.

BRIGS OF 20 GUNS.--Ducouedic, Palinure, Cygene, Alcibiade, Adonis, Hussard, Chasseur, Griffon, d'Hassar, Meleagre, Acteon, Bisson, Lapeirousse, Cassard, Oreste, Pylade, Nisus, Euryale, Beaumanvir, Chevert, Droupot, Alacryti, Voltigeur.

BRIGS OF 18 GUNS.--Mercure, Dragon, Faune, Genie, Faucon, Grenadier, Entreprenant, Fanfaron, Janus, Victor, Olivier, Zebre, Obligardo, Alerte, Cuirassier.

BRIGS OF 10 GUNS.--Volage, Surprise, Fleche, Alcyon, Comete, Sylphe, Dupetit-Lhouars, Bougainville, Argus, Fabert, Lutin, Cerf, Messaeer, Papillon, Rossignol, Agile, Geyer, Inconstant, Zephir, Railleur, Russee, Lynx.

BRIGS OF 8 GUNS.--Allouette, Alsacienne, Malouine, Tactique, Virgie, Eglantine, Panthere.

CORVETTES DE CHARGE 32 GUNS, 800 HORSE POWER.--Proserpine, Adour, Abondante, Oise, Caravane, Allier, Agathe, Fortune, Aube, Egerie, Rhin, Somme, Meurthe, Mosselle.

SLOOPS OF 28 GUNS, 600 TONS.--Perdrix, Loire, Provencale, Marsouin.

SLOOPS OF 20 GUNS, 550 TONS.--Robuste, Giraffe, Chandernagor, Cormoran.

SLOOPS OF 16 GUNS, 300 TONS.--Hecla, Dore, Cyclope, Vulcain, Lamproie, Volcan, Bucephale, Licome, Lezard, Mahe, Lionne.

SLOOPS OF 12 GUNS, 200 TONS.--Anna, Pintado, Menagere.

SLOOPS OF 8 GUNS, 150 TONS.--Pourvoyeur, Seudre.

SLOOPS OF 6 GUNS, 90 TONS.--Vigilant, Pilote, Ile d'Oleron, Mayottais.

SCHOONERS OF 6 GUNS.--Merange, Estafete, Gazelle, Hirondelle, Topaze, Beaucir, Euroquoise, Decidee, Jouvencelle, Tonguille, Amaranthe, Fauvette, Legere, Encelade, Etoile, Fine, Doris, Brestoise, Mouche, Bella Helene, Eugenie, Tafne, Parisienne, Gentille, Ibir, Mignonne, Souris, Egle, Iris, Papeiti, Sultan, Agathe, Touronnaise, Daphne, Levrette, Bose, Dorade.

CUTTERS OF 4 GUNS.--Rodeur, Furet, Moustique, Espeigle, Moutin, Favori, Levrier, Eperlan, Renard, Eclair, Goelund, Chamois, Emeraude, Esperance, Cupidon, Orglae, Aigle d'Or, Colibi, Antilope, Seybouse, Pluvier, Ecureuil, No. 1, Ecureuil, No. 2, Mirmidon, Capelan, Corvril, Boberach, Palmer, Belette, Colombe, Cigorle, Tafnal, Amiral, Papillon.

SAILING SHIPS CHANGED INTO STEAMSHIPS.

SHIPS OF 120 GUNS.--Montibello 650, Souverain 650, Desaix 650, Louis XIV. 650, Bretagne 960.

SHIPS OF 100 GUNS.--Fleurus 650, Ulm 650, Dugay-Etains 650, Annibal 650, Eyleau 650, Prince Jerome 650, Navarin 650, Austerlitz 650, Wagram 650, Massena 650.

SHIPS OF 90 GUNS.--Inflexible 450, Dugueschin 450, Donnawerth 600, Fontenoy 600, Charlemagne 450, Duquesne 450, Tourville 450, Alexandre 600, Jean-Bart 450.

STEAM VESSELS.

SHIPS OF 90 GUNS, 960 HORSE POWER.--Napoleon, Imperiel, Algesiras.

FRIGATES OF 650 HORSE POWER.--Mogador, Isly.

FRIGATES OF 540 HORSE POWER.--Descartes, Vauban.

FRIGATES OF 450 HORSE POWER.--Gomer, Asmodee, Labrador, Magellan, Montezuma, Cacique, Panama, Eldorado, Pomone, Albatros, Sane, Orenoque, Ch. Columb, Canada, Ulloa, Darien, Caffarelli.

MIXED FRIGATES--(New Construction.)

800 HORSE POWER, 50 GUNS.--Imperatrice Eugenie, Indomitable, Foudre, Audacieuse.

CORVETTES OF 400 HORSE POWER.--Infernal, Reine Hortense, Bertholet, Catinat, Rolland, Phlegeton, Laplace, Primaugnet, Dassas.

CORVETTES OF 320 HORSE POWER.--Prony, Caton, Colbert.

CORVETTES OF 300 HORSE POWER.--Patriote, Eumenide, Gorgone, Tanger, Coligny, Tisiphone.

CORVETTES OF 220 HORSE POWER.--Espadon, Veloce, Lavoisier, Cameleon, Gassendi, Pluton, Archimede, Duchayla, Phoque, Elan, Caiman, Titan, Cassini, Chaptal, Newton.

ADVICE VESSELS.

OF 200 HORSE POWER.--Monette, Heron, Laborieux, Eclaireur, Phenix, Lucifer, Biche, Goeland, Promethee, Souffleur, Milan, Aigle, Megere, Sentinelle.

OF 180 HORSE POWER.--Petrel, Reguin, Epervier, Dauphin.

OF 160 HORSE POWER.--Ardent, Crocodile, Phare, Fulton, Meteore, Chimere, Vantour, Styx, Acheron, Cerbere, Tartare, Phaeton, Cocyte, Tonnerre, Gregois, Grondeur, Euphrate, Tenare, Australie, Narval, Bruddon, Solon, Etna, Sesostris.

OF 120 HORSE POWER.--Castor, Brazier, Flambeau, Vedette, Passe-Partout, Pelican, Ramier, Salamandre, Ariel, Daim, Flambart, Marceau.

OF 100 HORSE POWER.--Anacreon, Averne, Tantale, Galilee.

OF 80 HORSE POWER.--Galibi, Voyageur, Marabout, Alecton, Rubis, Eperlan.

OF 60 HORSE POWER.--Antilope, Chacul, Liamone, Var.

OF 40 HORSE POWER.--Grand-Bassam, Ebrie.

OF 30 HORSE POWER.--Basilic, Serpent, Pinogouin, Guet n'Dar.

OF 20 HORSE POWER.--Oyapock, Acbar.

FLOATING BATTERIES.

Devastation, Lave, Tonnate, Foudroyante.

GUN BOATS.

Stridente, Mitraille, Etincelle, Bombe, Eclair, Flamme, Alarme, Coulevaine, Doilleuse, Alerte, Meurtriere, Bourasque, Raffale, Fusee, Foudre, Fleche, Grenade, Mutine, Tourmente.

MIXED TRANSPORTS.

Ariege, Adour, Durance, Loiret, Gironde, Marne, Aube, Rhin, Charente, Nievre, Rhone, Tarn, Mosselle, Yonne, Saone, Loire, Isere, Dordogne, Allier, Meurthe, Finestere, Meuse, Oise, Somme, Garone.

GENERAL RECAPITULATION.

SAILING VESSELS.

Guns. 31 ships of all sizes, mounting an aggregate of 2,866 61 frigates do do 3,028 49 corvettes do do 1,024 57 brigs do do 1,006 14 corvettes de charge do do 448 28 sloops do do 444 38 schooners do do 228 33 cutters do do 132 --- ----- 317 sailing vessels, carrying a grand aggregate of 9,176

STEAM VESSELS.

27 ships of all sizes, mounting an aggregate of 2,680 21 frigates do do do 336 4 frigates, (new construction,) do 200 34 corvettes of all sizes do 939 76 advice boats do do 456 4 floating batteries do 64 19 gun boats do 76 25 mixed transports do 150 --- ----- 220 steam vessels, mounting an aggregate of 4,901

ORDINARY CLASSIFICATION OF NAVAL OFFICERS.

2 admirals in time of peace, and 3 in time of war; 13 vice admirals; 22 rear admirals; 113 captains of ships of the 1st and 2d classes; 235 captains of frigates; 679 lieutenants of ships of the 1st and 2d classes; 550 ensigns of ships; 109 midshipmen of 1st class; 165 midshipmen of the 2d class.

With respect to the classes of midshipmen, the admiral minister of marine regulates yearly the number of young gentlemen who may be received in the service.

According to the navy list for 1856, (July,) the effective force of the navy of Great Britain was at that period:

Guns. Sailing vessels, 269, carrying an aggregate of 9,362 Steam vessels, 258 do do 4,518 --- ------ Total, 527 do do 13,880

The classification of officers was:

In service. On half pay. Retired. Total. Admirals, 21 15 --- 36 Vice-admirals, 27 19 --- 46 Rear-admirals, 51 55 129 235 Captains of ships, 396 60 318 774 Commanders, 551 64 286 901 Lieutenants, 1,139 668 --- 1,807

NAVY OF THE UNITED STATES.

SHIPS OF THE LINE, (10.) ----------------+-----+--------------------------- Name. |Rate.| Where | When | | built. | built. ----------------+-----+-------------------+------- Pennsylvania, | 120 | Philadelphia, | 1837 Columbus, | 80 | Washington, | 1819 Ohio, | 84 | New-York, | 1820 North-Carolina, | 84 | Philadelphia, | 1820 Delaware, | 84 | Norfolk, | 1820 Alabama, | 84 | | Virginia, | 84 | | Vermont, | 84 | Boston, | 1848 New-York, | 84 | | New-Orleans, | 84 | | ----------------+-----+-------------------+-------

FRIGATES, (18.) ----------------+-----+--------------------------- Name. |Rate.| Where | When | | built. | built. ----------------+-----+-------------------+------- Independence, | 56 | Boston, | 1814 United States, | 50 | Philadelphia, | 1797 Constitution, | 50 | Boston, | 1797 Potomac, | 50 | Washington, | 1821 Brandywine, | 50 | Washington, | 1825 Columbia, | 50 | Washington, | 1836 Congress, | 50 | Portsmouth, N. H. | 1841 Cumberland, | 50 | Boston, | 1842 Savannah, | 50 | New-York, | 1842 Raritan, | 50 | Philadelphia, | 1843 Santee, | 50 | | Sabine, | 50 | | St. Lawrence, | 50 | Norfolk, | 1847 ----------------+-----+-------------------+-------

SLOOPS OF WAR, (19.) ----------------+-----+--------------------------- Name. |Rate.| Where | When | | built. | built. ----------------+-----+-------------------+------- Constellation, | 22 | Rebuilt, Norfolk, | 1854 Macedonian, | 22 | Rebuilt, Norfolk, | 1836 Portsmouth, | 22 | Portsmouth, N.H. | 1843 Plymouth, | 22 | Boston, | 1843 St. Mary's, | 22 | Washington, | 1844 Jamestown, | 22 | Norfolk, | 1844 Germantown, | 22 | Philadelphia, | 1846 Saratoga, | 20 | Portsmouth, N.H. | 1842 John Adams, | 20 | Rebuilt, Norfolk, | 1831 Vincennes, | 20 | New-York, | 1826 Falmouth, | 20 | Boston, | 1827 Vandalia, | 20 | Philadelphia, | 1828 St. Louis, | 20 | Washington, | 1828 Cyane, | 20 | Boston, | 1837 Levant, | 20 | New-York, | 1837 Decatur, | 16 | New-York, | 1839 Marion, | 16 | Boston, | 1839 Dale, | 16 | Philadelphia, | 1839 Preble, | 16 | Portsmouth, N. H. | 1839 ----------------+-----+-------------------+-------

BRIGS, (3.) ----------------+-----+--------------------------- Name. |Rate.| Where | When | | built. | built. ----------------+-----+-------------------+------- Bainbridge, | 6 | Boston, | 1842 Perry, | 6 | Norfolk, | 1843 Dolphin, | 4 | New-York, | 1836 ----------------+-----+-------------------+-------

SCHOONER. ----------------+-----+--------------------------- Name. |Rate.| Where | When | | built. | built. ----------------+-----+-------------------+------- Fenimore Cooper,| 3 | Purchased, | 1852 ----------------+-----+-------------------+-------

STEAMERS.

_Screw Steamers, 1st class._ ----------------+-----+--------------------------- Name. |Rate.| Where | When | | built. | built. ----------------+-----+-------------------+------- Franklin, | 50 | | Merrimack, | 40 | Boston, | 1855 Wabash, | 40 | Philadelphia, | 1855 Minnesota, | 40 | Washington, | 1855 Roanoke, | 40 | Norfolk, | 1855 Colorado, | | | Niagara, | | | ----------------+-----+-------------------+-------