Observations of a Naturalist in the Pacific Between 1896 and 1899, Volume 1 Vanua Levu, Fiji

actively in operation in our own day, and that there is good reason for the belief that the process of amalgamation by which Vanua Levu has been built up during a prolonged peri...

THE SEATURA MOUNTAIN.—In my description of the profile of this part of Vanua Levu, reference has already been made (p. 3) to the great mass of this mountain which occupies five-...

THE abundance of hot springs in Vanua Levu, and in fact in the group generally, is not commonly known. In the earlier accounts of these islands those of Savu-savu are often alon...

IN this chapter the detailed description of the island is commenced, beginning with the western extremity and proceeding eastward. Most of the petrological details are dealt wit...

concerned, these ancient reefs might owe their present situation, either to the withdrawal of the sea or to the upheaval of the land. Such reef-limestones exist over much of the...

THIS large area, which extends for a distance of nearly forty miles from the eastern slopes of the Mount Thurston Range to Undu Point, forms the region closing in Natewa Bay on...

THIS sub-class, which comprises 40 per cent. of the volcanic rocks, is characterised by the absence of olivine on the one hand, and by the rarity or absence of rhombic pyroxene...

THE BASALTIC PLATEAU OF WAINUNU.—This table-land extends for a distance of seven miles from the base of the Ndrandramea mountains in the heart of the island, where it is elevate...

THESE rocks were first described by Wichmann[112] from specimens obtained by Kleinschmidt from the mountain of Mbuke Levu in Kandavu. These Kandavu rocks had a microfelsitic bas...

THIS hilly region of acid andesites is a continuation of the mountainous backbone of the island, being separated from the basaltic mountain of Seatura by the saddle formed by th...

THIS peak, 1,880 feet in height, starts up suddenly in the mountainous interior of the island. Being situated in the valley of the Yanawai river, which opens to the south, it fo...

AS is illustrated in the accompanying profile-sketch, the relatively level-topped range of Koro-tini gives place at its eastern end to a broken line of mountains, of which the r...

THIS range extends from the Na Raro Gap before mentioned to the Ndreke-ni-wai river. It is partly isolated on the north-east from the Korotini Range, the extension eastward of t...

THE level-topped range that forms the mountainous backbone of the island for a distance of nearly 10 miles is one of the remarkable features of Vanua Levu.[66] In the general pr...

THIS sub-class includes the plagioclase-olivine-basalts. Although these rocks are not the most numerous of the basic rocks, they are well represented in the island, being in gre...

ONE of the most striking features of the north side of the island is the extensive undulating plain that stretches from the Lekutu river to near Sealevu on the head-waters of th...

ONE would have expected that in an island where submarine muds and tuffs are of such common occurrence at the surface, extending from the sea-border to elevations of 2,000 feet...

SILICIFIED corals, together with siliceous minerals (quartz, chalcedony, jasper, &c.) and siliceous concretions are evidently widely distributed in these islands. Kleinschmidt i...

FROM the sea-border to the mountain-top in almost every part of the island, palagonite occurs in a fragmental condition. It is only where tuffs are not found, as in the mountain...

THESE extensive inland plains occupy a considerable area in this part of the island. I estimate that there is an area of about 20 square miles that does not exceed an elevation...

THE varied character of the volcanic rocks in my collection is brought out in the following Table, where I have grouped about 400 rock-sections, excluding those of the tuffs and...

THE literature on the subject of the magnetism of rocks is very extensive,[140] and even if I was capable of doing so, any attempt to deal generally with this complicated phenom...

THIS remarkable peninsula is connected with the rest of the island by the low-lying Salt Lake district, a narrow isthmus, described in the preceding chapter, which one can cross...

THIS range, which trends N.W. and S.E. between the Mariko mountain-ridge and the head of the valley of Na Kula, attains a height of 1,880 feet at its N.W. and of 1,710 feet at i...

region has experienced. There is an exposure of a very interesting rock in a stream-course that is crossed on the road from Yaroi to Naindi, less than a mile from the first-name...

CHARACTERS.—The pyroxene phenocrysts usually are represented by separate crystals of the monoclinic as well as the rhombic type, and the two forms are often associated in the sa...

THE remarkable shape of this island at once attracts the attention: and indeed it is in its irregular outline and in the occurrence over a large portion of its surface of submar...

Regarded as components of the pitchstone-tuffs and palagonite-tuffs these rocks have a very extensive distribution in the island; but in the massive state they are hardly ever t...

DURING a sojourn in the Pacific, which covered a period of rather over a year in Hawaii (1896-97), and of two years and three months in Fiji (1897-99), my attention was mainly c...

However, this movement of upheaval is so gradual that the utmost one can expect to do by the comparison of surveys made half a century apart is to show the lack of evidence of t...

Vanua Levu, a composite island formed during a long period of emergence, 372.—The submarine plateau probably produced by basaltic flows, 373.—The distribution of the volcanic ro...

THE classification that is adopted in my work on the geology of the Solomon group with respect to the calcareous formations and volcanic muds of those islands is only in part ap...

VANUA LEVU is a composite island built up during a long period of emergence, that began probably in the later Tertiary period, by the union of a number of large and small island...

Its abundance in a fragmental condition in Vanua Levu, 337.—Its occurrence in deep-sea deposits, 338.—Modes of formation _in situ_, 338.—In the upper portion of a basaltic flow,...

The north-east portion of the island from Mount Thurston to Undu Point, 207.—Coast between Vuinandi and Tawaki, 208.—The corresponding inland region, 209.—The gabbro of Nawi, 21...

Elevated coral reefs scantily represented, 7.—Apparent absence of coral reefs in the early stages of the emergence, 8.—Elevated reefs confined to the coast and its vicinity.—Det...

The thermal springs of other parts of the group, 21.—The hot springs of the Wainunu valley, 22.—The boiling springs of Savu-savu, 25.—Analyses of the water, 28.—The hot springs...

The Hornblende-Andesites of Fiji, 293.—Occurrence of Dacites in Fiji, 294.—Suggestion of “felsitic andesite” as a rock-name, 295.—The Acid Andesites of Vanua Levu, 295.—The Hype...

Mount Seatura, 61.—Its eastern slopes, 63.—Its western slopes, 64.—Its northern slopes, 65.—Ascents to the summit, 66.—The Ndriti Basin, 67.—A huge crateral cavity, 68.—Its dyke...

Its remarkable shape, 1.—Its building up, 2.—Study of its profile, 3.—Mount Seatura.—Regions of acid andesites.—Basaltic tablelands.—Great ridge-mountains, 5.—Boundary of the re...

General Character, 317.—Coral Limestones, 318.—Foraminiferal Limestones, 319.—Pteropod-oozes, 320.—Foraminiferous Volcanic Muds, 321.—Samples, 322.—Altered kinds, 324.—Submarine...

Naivaka, 43.—Korolevu Hill, 45.—Bomb formation of Navingiri, 46.—Remarkable section near Korolevu, 48.—Wailea Bay to Lekutu, 50.—Mount Koroma, 51.—Mount Sesaleka, 53.—The Mbua-L...

Previous observations, 361.—Magnetic Polarity usually caused by atmospheric electricity, 362.—Displayed by both acid and basic rocks, 364.—Very frequent in Vanua Levu, 365.—Its...

The Ndrandramea district, 98.—Its mountains and hills of acid andesites, 100.—Ngaingai, 101.—Ndrandramea, 102.—Soloa Levu, 103.—The underlying altered acid andesites, 106.—Secti...

Mode of occurrence of the silicified corals, 351.—Their character and structure, 352.—Flints, nodules of Chalcedony, Agates, etc., 353.—Other siliceous concretions, 354.—Jasper,...

The Wainikoro and Kalikoso Plains, 224.—Vaka-lalatha Lake, 225.—Its floating islands, 226.—A region of acid rocks, 227.—Silicified corals and limonite, 228.—Tawaki district, 229...

The Korotini Range, 153.—Traverse from Waisali to Sealevu, 154.—Traverse from Mbale-mbale to Vandrani, 156.—Traverse from Vatu-kawa to Vandrani, 160.—Traverse from Nukumbolo to...

The Natewa Peninsula, 197.—Viene district, 198.—Lea district, 199.—Waikawa Mountains, 201.—Ndreke-ni-wai coast, 203.—Waikatakata, 203.—Mount Freeland or the Ngala Range, 204.—Tr...

The basaltic plateau of Wainunu, 82.—Its margins covered by pteropod and foraminiferous ooze-rocks, 86.—The hill of Ulu-i-ndali, 87.—Kumbulau Peninsula, 90.—The basaltic flow of...

The Va Lili Range, 140.—Its Nambuni spur, 144.—Originally submerged and covered with palagonite-tuffs and agglomerates, 145.—The Waisali Saddle, 146.—Narengali district, 147.—Na...

The basaltic plains of Sarawanga, 129.—Tembe-ni-ndio and its foraminiferal limestones, 131.—The basaltic plains of Ndreketi, 132.—The Nawavi Range, 135.—Nanduri, 136.—Tambia dis...

The Koro-mbasanga Range, 166.—The Sokena Ridge, 169.—Lovo valley, 169.—Mount Mbatini, 172.—The Vuinandi Gap, 175.—The Thambeyu or Mount Thurston Ranges, 176.—Structure of Thambe...

Their varied character, 235.—Their classification, 236.—Descriptive formula, 237.—Synopsis, 239.—Orders of the Olivine-Basalts, 241.—Orders of the Augite-Andesites, 245.—Orders...

The Valanga Range, 181.—Its western flank, 183.—Ngone Hill, 183.—Valley of Na Kula, 184.—The Mariko Range, 185.—Savu-savu Peninsula, 189.—Naindi Bay, 192.—The Salt Lake, 194