Chapter 12

16-1: =Mazzepa=: (or rather _Mazeppa_) a Pole, who in punishment for an intrigue, was bound to the back of a horse, which carried him among the Cossacks, where he rose to distinction and high command. _Vide_ Byron's poem _Mazeppa_.

16-2: =Carlos XII=: _(doce_-- the ordinal numerals above _décimo_ not being used with names of sovereigns) _Charles XII_, king of Sweden (lived 1682-1718). He fought, at first with brilliant success, against the Czar, Peter the Great, but was ultimately defeated.

16-3: =Carlos e Isabel=: Fernando VII (see notes _Fernando_, pp. 34, 5 and 51, 17) left the Spanish throne to his daughter, _Isabel II_, but _Don Carlos_. her uncle, laid claim to it by virtue of the Salic law excluding women from the throne. A long and disastrous civil warfare ensued between his party, the _Carlistas_, and the party of the queen-regent, Maria Cristina, the _Cristinos_.

16-4: =Estoy por decir=: _I am on the point of saying_.

16-5: =buenos humos tenía=: _was much too proud_.

16-6: ni (al lucero, etc.): _even_. The negative is intruded from the underlying negative psychologic notion: Ramón would not have suffered an affront--not even from, etc. Cf. note _ni_, p. 99, 3. =lucero del alba=: the planet _Venus_, bearing (as morning star) the name _Lucifer_. For _el alba_ cf. note _al ave_, p. 25, 3.

16-7: =morrión=: a kind of tall helmet-cap, worn by the _Cristinos_.

16-8: =boina=: a round woolen cap, worn by the Carlists.

16-9: =el Principado=: the territory of _Asturias_, in the north of Spain. The term is also applicable to _Cataluña_ in the northeast of Spain.

17-1: =regularmente=: (i.e. _según reglas; naturalmente) presumably_.

17-2: =no te expongas=: cf. note _no seas_, p. 6, 7.

17-3: =se la ha fumado=: for _se_ cf. note _lo que me digo_, p. 7, 5.

17-4: =El que no asista=, etc.: a very loosely constructed sentence. Translate: _If either of us does not appear_, etc.

18-1: =alaveses=: _natives of Álava_, a Basque province in the north of Spain.

18-2: =boina blanca de carlista=: see note _boina_, p. 16, 8.

18-3: =pistoletazo=: _pistol-shot_. Observe the use of the ending _azo_, denoting a blow, cut, or shot with a weapon.

18-4: =era de suponer=: _it was to be supposed; it was presumable_.

18-5: =habrá perecido=: cf. note _no habría andado_, p. 8, 6.

18-6: =da razón=: _give an account_.

19-1: =habían despertado=: (intransitive).

20-1: =a una voz=: _with one voice_.

20-2: =por último=: _finally_. Cf. _por fin_.

21-1: =Ánimas=: ringing of bells, generally at sunset, inviting to prayer for the souls of the dead.

21-2: =el nombre de siempre=: _the same name as always_. Cf. _lo de siempre,_ the same as ever.

21-3: =Como sabrás=: cf. note _no habría andado_, p. 8, 6.

21-4: =cristino=: see =note= _Carlos e Isabel_, p. 16, 3.

22-1: =al salir el sol=: at sunrise (_el sol_ is the subject of _salir_).

22-2: =veintiún=: (for _veinte y un_.) Observe that _uno_ in compounds is not pluralized and drops _o_ before a noun. Other compounds are similarly formed, e.g. _dieciseis, veintiseis_.

23-1: =tanto me conocía=: _knew me so well_.

23-2: =un corneta=: the nouns _corneta, trompeta_, etc., used in the feminine, denote the instrument, and in the masculine, the player.

24-1: =sabré música=: ordinarily the definite article is used before a noun employed in a general sense. Here a partitive sense is hinted: _I shall know_ (some) _music_.

25-1: =mi vida se reducía a soplar=: _I passed all my time in playing_ (_soplar_, to blow).

25-2: =notabilidades=: _noted men; celebrities_.

25-3: =al ave=: _el_ replaces _la_ before feminine nouns beginning with accented _a_ or _ha. Un_ is occasionally used for _una_ in the same cases (not academic).

25-4: =me encontré con que=, etc.: _con_ governs the whole following clause as its object. Psychologically an intervening noun is indicated: _I met with_ (the discovery) _that I could not_, etc.

25-5: =haga són=: (make sound) _play_. Alarcón has accented _són_ to distinguish it from the verb _son_.

26-1: =Pedro Pablo Rubens=: Peter Paul Rubens, the great Flemish painter (1577-1640). He enjoyed much royal patronage, and consequently much of his work is now in the galleries of Spain and France.

26-2: =Castilla la Nueva=: the southern portion of the province of Castile, in central Spain, the northern portion being called _Castilla la Vieja_.

26-3: =de feísima capilla=: _una_ is understood before _feísima_.

26-4: =al momento=: _instantly_.

26-5: =delante=: _in front_ (of himself).

26-6: =Descendimiento=: _descent_ (from the cross).

26-7: =que figuraba estar colgado=: _which was represented as being hung_.

27-1: =Velázquez=, etc.: this list includes the greatest names in the history of Spanish painting. They were all contemporaries, though _Murillo_ (1618-1682) was considerably younger than the others.

27-2: =tal maravilla=: _such a marvel_. Observe the frequent omission of the indefinite article before _tal_. Cf. note _a otro_, p. 10, 1, and also _un tal García_, p. 33, 4.

27-3: =propio=: _personal_.

27-4: =Vos=: _you_ (singular). It is used nominatively and after prepositions, taking a verb in the second person plural. It is more formal than _tú_ and less so than _usted_.

28-1: =de veras=: cf. note _con todas las veras_, p. 4, 7.

28-2: =está de cuerpo presente=: _is lying in state_.

28-3: =el alma=: cf. note _al ave_, p. 25, 3.

28-4: =que puede=: _que_ is redundant.

28-5: =se habrá serenado=: cf. note _no habría andado_, p. 8, 6.

29-1: =en son de burla=: _by way of a jest_. Cf. note _haga són_, p. 25, 5.

29-2: =compraros=: _to buy of you_. Cf. note _tomado a este hombre_, p. 4, 3.

29-3: =inmortal=: observe the variation from the English form, as in Spanish _c_ and _n_ are the only consonants doubled. The Spanish equivalents of English words with initial _imm_ are written _inm_.

29-4: =habéis de saber=: cf. note _había de conocer_, p. 3, 4.

29-5: =por ir unido=: _because of its being associated_.

29-6: =¡vamos!=: cf. note _vamos_, p. 5, 11.

30-1: =un alma=: cf. note _al ave_, p. 25, 3.

30-2: =el grande artista=: the apocopated form _gran_, usual before initial consonants, is not favored before vowels.

30-3: =siglo=: _world_ (lit. _cycle, century_). Cf. English use of _secular_.

30-4: =por lo que=: a preposition that logically divides _lo que_ is regularly prefixed.

30-5: =Llevaos=: observe the dropping of final _d_ when _os_ is suffixed.

31-1: =olvidado=: _oblivious_. A number of past participles are employed with the value of present participial adjectives. Cf. _divertido_, amusing.

31-2: =llevarían=: _must have brought_. Cf. note _no habría andado_, p. 8, 6.

31-3: =a lo largo del templo=: (the length of the church) _down one of the longitudinal aisles_.

31-4: =vámonos=: observe the dropping of the final _s_ of the first person plural when _nos_ is suffixed.

31-5: =¡Calla!=; _What_! A number of imperative verb-forms are used with the value of mere interjections. Cf. note _vamos_, p. 5, 11.

32-1: =Palacio=: cf. note _Palacio_, p. 14, 7.

32-2: =teniéndole a la mesa=: _inviting him to dinner_.

32-3: =se encontró con que=: cf. note _me encontré con que_, p. 25, 4.

33-1: =gallego=: _Galician_. The province of _Galicia_ lies in the northwest corner of Spain.

33-2: =allá por el año=: _back in the year_.

33-3: =sapos y culebras y agua llovediza=: i.e. popular remedies not recognized in the legitimate _materia medica_.

33-4: =un tal García=: _a certain García_.

33-5: =acaso, y sin acaso=: _quite certainly_.

33-6: =varón ilustre=: a Greek athlete, Milo of Crotona (in southern Italy), frequent victor in the Olympic games. By lifting and carrying a bull-calf daily, he was able, so the legend runs, ultimately to carry the full-grown bull. He came to his death by trying to pull asunder a split tree, which, reacting, held him fast until devoured by the wolves.

33-7: =campar por su respeto=: (to be absolute master of one's own actions) _to have everything one's own way; to have full sway_.

33-8: =se llamará=: cf. note _no habría andado_, p. 8, 6.

33-9: =las Ánimas=: cf. note _Ánimas_, p. 21, 1.

33=10 =¿Qué hacemos?=: cf. note _me matan_, p. 3, 1.

33-11: =Por judío=: _for_ (i.e. as being) _a Jew_ (often used as a term of reprobation).

34-1: =llevo echados=: _llevar_ and _tener_ are sometimes used as auxiliaries with a past participle governing (and agreeing with) a direct object. Cf. the Latin _consilium captum habeo_.

34-2: =era mía=: observe that the article is usually omitted when the verb _ser_ is followed by the possessive adjective (contrary to the French usage).

34-3: =había de esperar=: cf. note _había de conocer_, p. 3, 4.

34-4: =¡Toma! Como que vendía=: _Why_! (cf. note _¡calla!_ p. 31, 5) _didn't he sell_ (_como que_, inasmuch as).

34-5: =Fernando VII=: a weak and tyrannical monarch who began to reign in 1808, but yielded his crown to Napoleon I. Restored to power in 1814, he reigned till 1833. Cf. also note p. 51, 7.

34-6: =qué algazara traen=: _what a noise they are making_.

34-7: =entramos=: cf. note _me matan_, p. 3, I.

34-8: =cuartos... ochavos=: the _cuarto_ (1/4) was a small copper coin (obsolete) worth four _maravedís_. _Cuarto_ is also, however, a (fourth) part of a lacerated body--cf. the English _draw and quarter_. _Hacer cuartos_ may be translated by this phrase and _hacer ochavos_ by _make mincemeat_.

34-9: =ochavo=: (1/8) half a _cuarto_.

34-10: =corrían la francachela=: _were carousing_.

35-1: =contaría=: cf. note _no habría andado_, p. 8, 6.

35-2: =dijérase=: in either member of a conditional sentence (i.e. condition or conclusion) the simple tense may be substituted for the compound one. Thus _dijérase_ = _se hubiera_ (or _habría_) _dicho_.

35-3: =alguna vez=: _sometimes_. _Vez_ is often used in the singular with plural value. Cf. _rara vez_, rarely.

35-4: =Quién... quién=: are used as correlatives: _this one... that one_. _Cuál... cuál_ are used in the same way. They then bear the accent-- which otherwise is used only when _quién_ and _cuál_ are interrogative or exclamatory.

35-5: =2 de Mayo=: the 2d of May, 1808, is one of the great days in the annals of Spain. Out of loyalty to the royal family, an insurrection of the populace of Madrid took place, which was put down by the French only after the most desperate and heroic resistance by the ill-armed Spaniards.

35-6: =cuál=: supply _había contado_, as after _quién_.

35-7: =batalla de las Pirámides=: won by General Napoleon Bonaparte, in 1798, in the neighborhood of the Pyramids of Ghizeh, in Egypt. The French pretended to be defending Egypt against the Turks.

35-8: =Luis XVI=: (_diez y seis_-- cf. note _Carlos XII_, p. 16, 2) Louis was guillotined in 1793 by the republican government (_la Convention_) which had usurped his power.

35-9: =ninguno=: cf. note _conoce nadie_, p. 2, 5.

35-10: =del César=: _of the emperor_. Cf. the manner in which the name of Caesar has become a fixed title in _Czar_ and _Kaiser_.

35-11: =a España=: a geographical name (not preceded by the article) is preceded by the preposition _a_ when it is the direct object of a verb.

35-12: =quijotescas=: quixotic, extravagantly romantic.

36-1: =Sansón=: cf. note _Sansón_, p. 41, 1.

36-2: =Milón de Crotona=: cf. note _varón ilustre_, p. 33, 6.

36-3: =Rey Católico=: Ferdinand V of Spain, husband of Isabella I, the patroness of Columbus. He occupied the throne after her death.

36-4: =Quirinal=: the Italian royal palace, formerly the summer residence of the popes.

36-5: =Alejandro Borja=: Rodrigo Borgia, a Spaniard, became pope in 1492. Died 1503.

36-6: =como bueno=: _like a hero_.

36-7: =Cosenza... Pavia=: the first three cities are in southern Italy; _Pavia_ is a town of northern Italy (near Milan), the scene of a battle in which Francis I of France was defeated by the Spanish in 1525. He remained a prisoner in Spain till 1526.

36-8: =Murat=: the apothecary is not quite able to repress his hatred of Murat, Napoleon's brother-in-law and commander at Madrid, particularly detested because of his barbarous massacre of the _Madrileños_ after the _dos deMayo_ (cf. note _2 de Mayo_, p. 35, 5).

36-9: =Francisco I=: _(primero)_ cf. note on _Pavía_ above. Cf. also remark on _doce_ in note _Carlos XII_, p. 16, 2.

36-10: =en esto=: _hereupon; at this moment_.

37-1: =vendrán=: cf. note _no habría andado_, p. 8, 6.

37-2: =vecinos=: (lit. _neighbors_) _citizens; townspeople_.

37-3: =que no=: _= y no_ (used adversatively).

37-4: =Fernando=: cf. note _Fernando VII_, p. 34, 5.

37-5: =Galicia=: cf. note _gallego_, p. 33, 1.

37-6: =a que=: cf. note _a que,_ p. 2, 1.

37-7: =mancebo=: _clerk_, especially a drug clerk.

37-8: =recado de escribir=: _writing materials_.

37-9: =Deuda=: _debit_.

38-1: =Vos=: cf. note _Vos_, p. 27, 4.

38-2: =habréis matado=: cf. note _no habría andado_, p. 8, 6.

38-3: =Pireneos=: Pyrenees Mountains, dividing Spain from France.

38-4: =a la derecha=: in this phrase, and in _a la izquierda_ (to the left), the feminine is always used. Cf. the French usage.

38-5: =Volvamos a empezar=: cf. note _se volvió a reír_, p. 2, 3.

38-6: =¿Quién calcula eso?=: _who can calculate that?_ (a vivid form).

39-1: =orden=: denoting a succession or arrangement, is masculine; denoting a command, it is feminine.

39-2: =suma por separado=: _add up separately_.

39-3: =nos hemos bebido=: cf. note _lo que me digo_, p. 7, 5.

39-4: =o sean=: (followed by a singular substantive, _o sea_) _or_.

40-1: =Ya es hora=: _it is time now_.

40-2: =¡Que entren=: cf. note _que... muera_, p. 3, 6.

40-3: =En esto=: cf. note _en esto_, p. 36, 10.

40-4: =vecinos=: cf. note _vecinos_, p. 37, 2.

40-5: =toque de agonía=: _passing bell; knell for the dying_.

40-6: =ni=: _even_. Observe that _ni_, like many of the Spanish negative pronouns and adverbs, sometimes loses its negative value. Cf. note _conoce nadie_, p. 2, 5, and the use of _ninguno_, p. 35, line 23.

41-1: =Sansón=: _Samson_, who destroyed the Philistines by pulling down the column of their temple. _Vide_ Book of Judges, xiii-xvi.

41-2: =Pavía=: cf. note _Cosenza... Pavía,_ p. 36, 7.

41-3: =hierros=: here used poetically for _espadas_, swords.

41-4: =adheridos=: cf. note _olvidado_, p. 31, 1.

41-5: =no se esperaba=: cf. note _lo que me digo_, p. 7, 5.

41-6: =no tenéis para qué=: _you have no reason_.

41-7: =no los toquéis=: cf. note _no seas_, p. 6, 7.

42-1: la Coruña: the principal port of Galicia (cf. note _gallego_, p. 33, 1).

42-2: Vierais: cf. note _dijérase_, p. 35, 2.

43-1: =creáis a puño cerrado=: _believe implicitly_ (lit. _with clenched fists_).

43-2: =presumo de liberal=: _I pride myself on being a liberal_ (and hence inclined to anti= clericalism as well as republicanism).

43-3: =¡cuidado que=: _take note that_.

43-4: =Delfinado=: _Dauphiné_, a province in the southeast of France, bordering on Italy.

43-5: =que lo que sea no lo sé=: _for I don't exactly know what it is_.

44-1: =y maldita la falta que me hacía=: _and little need had I. Maldito_ is often used colloquially as a negative word.

44-2: =¡hombre! ¡me gusta!=: _well! I like that!_ The vocative _hombre_ is frequently used to express surprise, expostulation, etc. Here it is evidently addressed to a mere schoolboy.

44-3: =tierra adentro=: _inland_.

44-4: =Piamonte=: _Piedmont,_ a province of northern Italy.

44-5: =que aprendan=: cf. note _¡Que... muera,_ p. 3, 6.

44-6: =a ver=: _let us see. A ver_ may sometimes be rendered more freely, as _here! look here_!

44-7: =rendidos=: _worn out_.

44-8: =veintisiete=: cf. note _veintiún_, p. 22, 2.

44-9: =Gerona=: a city of Cataluña (province of northeastern Spain). It surrendered to the French in 1808, after heroically sustaining a siege for seven months.

44-10: =no creáis=: cf. note _no seas,_ p. 6, 7.

44-11: =ello es=: cf. note _ello es,_ p. 6, 1.

44-12: =Perpiñán=: _Perpignan,_ a Mediterranean port of France a few miles from the Spanish frontier.

44-13: =Dijon=: a large French city, about two hundred miles southeast of Paris, in the direction of Geneva.

44-14: =el por qué=: _the reason_ (lit. _the wherefore_).

44-15: =pasaba=: _allowed_.

44-16: =sin embargo de=: (== _a pesar de) in spite of._

44-17: =divertidos=: cf. note _olvidado,_ p. 31, 1.

44-18: =en tanto que=: _while_.

45-1: =Prefecto=: _prefect_, the head of a French department, corresponding in a way to the governor of a state in the United States.

45-2: =boletas de alojamiento=: _billets_ (tickets directing soldiers in what house to lodge).

45-3: =a la izquierda=: cf. note _a laderecha_, p. 38, 4.

45-4: =ventana de reja=: _grated window_.

45-6: =diputado á Cortes=: _deputy_, member of the legislative body (_Cortes_).

45-6: =Almería=: city and province on the southern coast of Spain.

45-7: =cosa que puede preguntarse=: _a thing that will bear inquiring into_.

45-8: =habrá contado=: cf. note _no habría andado_, p. 8, 6.

45-9: =que lo busque=: cf. note _que... muera_, p. 3, 6.

45-10: =Le Pape!=: (French) _the Pope!_

45-11: =con un palmo de boca abierto=: _open-mouthed; agape_.

45-12: =papá abuelo=: cf. note _papá abuelo_, p. 15, 5.

45-13: =A ver=: cf. note _a ver_, p. 44, 6.

45-14: =Toma=: cf. note _calla_, p. 31, 5.

45-15: =¡Y si está parado!=: _but it is stopped_. Cf. p. 4, line 12 and note.

46-1: =Le Pontife=: (French): _the pontiff, the Pope_.

46-2: =Oui, monsieur. Le Pape! Pie sept=: (French) _yes, sir. The Pope! Pius VII._

46-3: =Pío VII=: (_sétimo_ or _séptimo_) cf. note _Carlos XII_, p. 16, 2. Pius VII was pope 1800-1823.

46-4: =En aquel entonces=: _at that time._

46-5: =recibo de contribución=: _tax receipt_.

46-6: =sér=: used as a noun, is by some accented to distinguish it from the verb.

47-1: =brillaban que era un contento=: _shone (so) that it was a delight_.

47-2: =en cambio=: _on the other hand._

48-1: =que cuanto veíamos=: (= _que tanto cuanto veíamos_): _than everything we saw_.

48-2: =el Oriente=: the reference is to Bonaparte's Egyptian campaign in 1798. Cf. note _batalla de las Pirámides_, p. 35, 7.

48-3: =Silla de San Pedro=: papal throne.

48-4: =he de deciros=: cf. note _había de conocer_, p. 3, 4.

48-5: =por lo que a mí hace=: _as far as I am concerned; as for me_.

49-1: =por el que=: _el que, la que_, etc., are frequently used as pure relatives with the value of _el cual_, etc.

49-2: =a Roma=: cf. note _a España_, p. 35, 11. Rome was the capital of the _estados pontificios_, which included a large part of Italy. In the papal states the Pope exercised temporal as well as spiritual power.

49-3: =Quirinal=: cf. note p. 36, 4.

49-4: =Sant-Angelo=: (Italian), a fortified castle on the Tiber at Rome, defending the papal palace, the Vatican.

49-5: =bandera tricolor=: _the tri-colored flag_, the red, white, and blue flag adopted in France at the time of the Revolution.

49-6: =consummatum est=: (Latin), _it is finished_ (the last words of Christ on the cross).

49-7: =hachazos=: cf. note _pistoletazo_, p. 18, 3.

49-8: =Sala de las Santificaciones=: one of the apartments of the Vatican.

49-9: =el Rey de Roma=: i.e. the Pope.

50-1: =roquete y muceta=: _rochet_ (surplice with narrow sleeves) _and_ purple _mantle_ (worn over the rochet).

50-2: =estados Romanos=: cf. note _a Roma_, p. 49, 2.

50-3: =cuatro reales de vellón=: four _reales_ make a _peseta_, approximately of the same value as the _papetto_ (Italian), a papal coin worth a little more than a _lira_ or approximately twenty cents of our coin.

50-4: =puerta del Popolo=: (Italian: _Porta del Popolo_) one of the gates of Rome.

50-5: =voy allá= (or _allá voy_): _I am coming to that_.

51-1: =Ello fué=: cf. note _ello es_, p. 6, 1.

51-2: =a Cataluña=: cf. note _el Principado_, p. 16, 9, and note _a España_, p. 35, 11.

51-3: =se me ha olvidado=: _I have forgotten_.

51-4: =Bailén=: a city of southern Spain (Andalusia), the scene of a signal victory of the Spanish over the French, who capitulated to the number of 20,000 (1808). =Zaragoza=, a city in northeastern Spain (Aragon), the scene of two sieges (1808-1809), the Spanish holding out with desperate heroism against the French invaders, and only surrendering after 50,000 of themselves had perished.

51-5: =paladín=: this term was applied to the knights of Charlemagne, and by extension, to any knight errant, or chivalrous and warlike hero.

51-6: =cruzado=: _crusader_ (from _cruz_, cross, which was worn as a badge).

51-7: =Fernando VII=: cf. note _Fernando_, p. 34, 5. Ferdinand welcomed the intervention of the French in Spain to support him in his absolutism against the advanced party, which clamored for constitutional liberties. The French expedition (1823) was completely successful, the resistance being so slight that the French describe the invasion as a _promenade militaire_.

51-8:= en contra nuestra=: _in opposition to us_.

52-1: =seguían con sus gorros encasquetados=: _kept on their caps_ (lit. _continued with_, etc.).

52-2: =como quien hace=: _like (one) who makes_.

52-3: =pulcra y pobremente=: _neatly though poorly_. When two or more adverbs ending in _mente_ are joined by a conjunction, the first one loses this termination.

52-4: =calle de Amargura=: the _Via Dolorosa_, or road passed over by Jesus bearing the cross to the place of crucifixion.

53-1: =Santo Padre=: _holy Father_, i.e. _the Pope_, while _Padre Santo_ is one of the Fathers of the church, as Saint Augustine, etc.,--a distinction not always observed,--cf. line 22.

53-2: =Lo de menos=: _a far less important matter_.

53-3: =Vive le Pape=: (French) _long live the Pope_.

54-1: =la orden=: cf. note _orden_, p. 39, 1.

54-2: =Chateaubriand= (1768-1848): a great French writer. He chose to be a kind of official paladin of Catholicism.

54-3: =del hacha=: cf. note _al ave_, p. 25, 3.

55-1: =echar por tierra=: _throw to the ground_.

55-2: =Don Quijote, Sancho Panza=: the would-be knight errant and his squire, the chief figures of Cervantes' immortal story of Don Quixote, published in 1605. The passage is from part II, cap. XLII, _sub fine_.

55-3: =Guerra de la Independencia=: (1808-1814): the war waged against Napoleon, who invaded Spain in 1808.

55-4: =ha de transigir=: _must compromise_. Cf. note _había de conocer_, p. 3, 4.

55-5: =según que=: nearly always _según_ is followed by the verb without the intervening _que_.

55-6: =muy de cerca=: _very intimately_.

56-1: =abuelo=: cf. note _papá abuelo_, p. 15, 5.

56-2: =Linares=: mining town near _Almería_.

56-3: =Gádor=: mining town near _Almería_.

56-4: =Usted irá=: _and you are going_--

56-5: =Almería=: cf. note p. 45, 6.

56-6: =a la galera=: _beyond the wagon_.

56-7: =quitarse el sombrero=: cf. note _se la_, p. 4, 6.

56-8: =¿Por qué he de negarlo?=: _why should I deny it_? Cf. note _había de conocer_, p. 3, 4.

56-9: =andar largo=: _to go far_.

56-10: =eche V. por esa vereda=: _strike into that path_.

57-1: =A ver=: cf. note _a ver_, p. 44, 6.

57-2: =por más señas=: _what is more_ (a formula used in citing an additional circumstance, detail, or argument).

57-3: =Siéntese V.=: observe that this form may come from _sentar_ as well as from _sentir_.

57-4: =cigarro de papel=: _cigarette_.

57-5: =Vaya=: cf. note _¡calla!_ p. 31, 5.

57-6: =Delgadillo=: _pretty thin_.

58-1: =echó unas yescas=: _struck a light_ (_yesca_, tinder).

58-2: =Flojillo es=: _it_ (the cigar) _is pretty thin_.

58-3: =Gérgal=: town of southern Spain, near _Almería_.

58-4: =un polaco=: many Poles served under Napoleon. It was expected that he would restore Poland to a place among the nations. It had been partitioned between Russia, Austria, and Germany in the latter part of the eighteenth century.

58-5: =año 23=: cf. p. 51 and note on _Fernando VII_, p. 51, 7.

58-6: =Estará apuntado=: cf. note _no habría andado_, p. 8, 6.

58-7: =rezan=: (lit. _pray_)_ tell, recount_ (colloquialism).

58-8: =se lo cree a puño cerrado=: cf. notes _lo que me digo_, p. 7, 5, and _creáis_, etc., p. 43, 1.