Part 2

Sandal, or moccasin, nyansu, ninsu.

Sapote, red (a fruit), noxa´, nyuxa´.

Scorpion, nyumbukukí.

Sea, nimbu yumbu.

She, pron. neja. See _He_.

Shirt, for men, mboyú.

Shirt, of women, nayu.

Shore, ninda. Comp. _lake_.

Shoulder, inkuⁱ.

Silver, najmo. Comp. _money_.

Sing, to, undamo.

Sister, boronyamo, mambo. Comp. _brother_.

Skin, hide (of animals), nínsu, nansú, nyún su.

Sleep, to, nagu.

Small, txote, nyamo. Comp. _low_.

Smoke, nyujmi; S. nemare.

Snake, nyurí. _Chap._ nulú. Comp. _bird_ and _flower_.

Son, banya.

Son-in-law, ngismó.

Sorcerer, nyuᵘja.

Sour, yagu.

Speak, to, nata, _imper._ papa´me.

Squirrel, naré.

Star, nyutí; R. nuti; S. nuete. _Chap._ nahuiti.

Stone, rock, nyupá (pl. nipa).

Stool, nambu ku ta´.

Sugar, nombó. Comp. _sweet_.

Sun, nyumbᵘi, nomo; S. numbu. _Chap._ mapíju. Comp. _moon_.

Sweet, nombo´.

Tamal (a dumpling of sweetened maize), nyuga.

Tapir, the, nyumpié mandi. Comp. _forest_.

Tear, a, nimbu nate. Comp. _water_ and _eye_.

Tenamaste or cooking stone, hajmi nyugu (three stones), nakupasí (see, _to cook_), nikusugo´.

Thief, tiposi´tinyo.

Thorn, ni, nindi.

Thunder, koi tapu´meme; lit, “it thunders.”

Thrush, nyújᵘa. A species of _Caprimulgus_.

Tick, nambisá, nansumá.

Tiger, jaguar, nyumbú. Comp. _animal_.

Tiste (a drink of cacao, etc.), nimbyusi. Comp. _water_.

Toad, natakopó.

Tobacco, nyumurime; nimburime; S. nemurema. To smoke tobacco, fasomo nimbu rimi.

Tomate, naripo.

To-morrow, majimi. Comp. _yesterday_.

Tongue, grijᵘí.

Tooth, niji.

Tortilla, noⁱ.

Totoposte (a kind of corn-bread), nyua yanjí.

Town, namá puma, namépume.

Tree, nya. Comp. _wood_.

Trough, nimbóya. Comp. _water_.

Turtle, of water, nyuka.

Ugly, ganyame. Comp. _bad_.

Unio (the shell so-called), nyukanyamu.

Vapor (mist, steam, etc.), ndipí.

Vase (tinaja), nojpú.

Washwoman, nasinyamo tapapa´poro.

Wasp, najú (?).

Water, nimbú.

Wax, nyu.

Well (noun), kita.

Where? nde.

White, nandirime.

Wife, mboome, njujmi. Comp. _husband_.

Wind, nitiu´; níjtⁱu. S. neshtu.

Woman, noji, nasi.

Wood, nya, nindomi (?).

Yellow, nandiume.

Yes, un; taspo (?).

Yesterday, yajimi.

Yuca (the _Yatropha manihot_), noya, nuya. _Chap._ niya.

_Numerals._

1. tike. 2. ha, ja, jami, jojo. 3. hajmi, jajame. 4. hahome. 5. hagujmi. 10. jendo. 20. jajué. 800. jaⁱmbí.

_The Verb “to be,” R._

I am, cejo. Thou art, simuh. He is, neje sumu. We are, cis mi muh.

_Pronouns._

I, saho, S. My, amba, mba. He, neje, R. She, neja, R.

_Phrases._

Koi múrio, It is already dawn.

Koi yujmi, It is already night.

Koi prijpi, It is already growing dark.

Koi újumbo, He has already urinated.

Koi gaimi ndiro, He gave me his hand.

Koi pajo nama siñú, I am going to die (ya me voy a la muerte).

Koi-li nimbuyati, I drank some brandy.

Koi-tā cutaca ñumbi´, I ate like a dog.

Koi-li gipomo ga muningui, I ate broth with chile.

Tagüaime ga muñunso yokᵘe, Give me a large jar.

Tari nimbuin, on güari? Will you drink some tiste, or will you not?

Oyat us ma? How do you like it (_i. e._, hot or cold)?

Pókopi ndijpo, } Many people. Taku pámu ndijpú, }

Koi jini kújkᵘe, His father died.

Muri kagroⁱ, Here is the old woman.

Ai nambunú ju, I have a pain in the belly.

Ni koi sime, You have already bought.

Pe ya puti nakutá, Go and lie down in the room.

Tiki numapuna, It is the town.

Nam bu mejo, His stomach is weak.

Koi tsujmú nimbu, The water is already warm.

Koi puró nimbu, The water is already cold.

Koi piro, He has already come.

Pami nyumuta, The food is good.

Cajo rismoh, I am seated.

Neje zuma rimah, They are lying down.

Guay cane noy, Give me a piece of tortilla.

Koi guaja, I have already given you some.

Garoh, Not yet.

Ejeh } Take some! Uji! }

Susupusca? } How are you? Kuj mi mo? }

Ko´ mi muya´ i ku? And you, how are you?

Camo cujmi umyaique, Nasi pujimo camo? There is nothing new; and you, how are you?

Gusapo, Take a seat.

Nam bro´ gatsuro yaji? Why did you not come yesterday?

Koi kᵘeme, I was up there.

Kupa kastai, Señor, Good-by, Señor.

Nohue opome, A tall man.

Nya opome, A high tree.

Nya nyamo, A short tree.

Nyumbi yokᵘe, A large dog.

Nyumbi pusitⁱu, A brave dog.

Kŏyómo nikújᵘi nímbu, With thunder comes rain.

Koⁱ pirami nimbᵘí, Already comes the rain.

Tapuko kuno tipo kunyo, Let us go to see the sick man.

Mundamó, The pigeon sings.

Nde yat supu is ya? Where are you going?

Tsupu nekajui, I am going to the garden.

Munsu supu kujkui, They are (go) lame.

Ropia, Come here.

Ropia no somíngamo, Come here and sweep.

Koi apiñame naturi, The Chocollo (bird) has already cried.

Koi píndih Juaná, Joanna is with child.

Pieyas mah, She already was.

La puta (_Span._) ansu punah, The whore that bore thee.

Cumbú puy muh, I do not remember.

Neje rumu coy cuhme, He is already a great man.

Nis puzu punah? What did she bring forth?

Naci ñamu, A little girl.

Taru miro, They are all mine.

Neja guirmiño, That is my half.

Niora múta pu ninda? Are you going to the shore?

Taspo, Yes.

Ya pu camu, In a little while.

Mu koi cu pumé, Thou hast already seen it.

Koi cu pumé, I have already seen it.

Uño! See!

Mis upa´? Where are you going?

Umimo uyako, } We are out of breath. Pasi pújimo, }

Pangare´ manijitaré, Be quiet, I will pay you to-morrow.

Gugapi, koy ujmi, Let us sleep, it is night.

Buᵘsi naᵃ, munikako, Get away from here, you son of a devil!

Nim bu´ tajo pa´yamo? What were you doing by the water?

Tapame, Be good.

Motan atima nyumpia, You come on horseback.

_Observations on the Vocabulary._

_Prefixes._--The most frequent prefixes in the vocabulary are _nyu_ and _nya_. They probably indicate the position of the noun as independent of expressed possessive relations. In the Chapanec they are also found, but not so commonly. They do not appear to be classificatory particles, as they are prefixed to the names of the most diverse objects.

_Generic Names._--These are quite common, as is frequently the case in American languages, in spite of what has often been said to the contrary. The word _nyu-mbu_ means any large quadruped; _nyuⁱ_, any insect; _narimu_, any kind of wild fruit, etc. It must be remembered that the genera into which individuals are grouped have a widely different connotation from those to which we are accustomed.

_Cat._--The word for cat, _misa_, seems identical with the Cakchiquel _mez_. In Chapanec it is _kitu_, reminding one of _kitten_. As the domestic cat was unknown in America before the discovery, these words can probably be traced to some European source.

_Color Names._--The color names appear difficult to analyze, and vary from those in Chapanec. Thus, as given by the various authorities, they are:

Mangue, Chapanec. Black, nanzome, R. dujamä. White, nandirime, R. dilimä. Yellow, nandiume, R. nandikumä. Blue or Green, { nandipame, R. ndipamä. { apame, B. Red, arimbome, B. nduimä.

In these adjectives the termination _me_ or _mä_ does not belong to the root. Father Abornoz tells us that this suffix characterizes adjectives in the singular number, when they qualify a certain class of nouns “in _tighe_.” (See his _Gram._ p. 15.) The nasal or resonant beginning most of them is also a mere prefix.

_Proper Names._--But few native families of the Mangue districts of Nicaragua have retained names drawn from their ancient tongues. In a list before me of several hundred persons in Masaya and Managua, the only surnames from the Mangue are _Norori_, _Ñamendi_, _Namullure_, _Putoi_, _Nionongue_, _Macanche_, and perhaps _Huembes_ and _Piura_. Generally, the natives adopted Spanish surnames.

On the other hand, a large number of local names, derived from the Mangue language, on the map of Nicaragua still define the region once occupied by this nation. Such are _Nindiria_ (from _ninda_, shore, _diri_, hill), _Nakutiri_ (from _naku_, fire, _diri_, hill), _Monimbe_ (_nimbu_, water, rain), _Nandasimo_ (_nanda_, brook), Mombonasi (_nasi_, woman), _Masaya_, _Managua_, _Namotiva_, _Norome_, _Nicoya_, _Oretina_, etc., etc.

FOOTNOTES

[1] Letter of Gil Gonzalez Dávila to the Emperor Charles V, in _Costa-Rica, Nicaragua y Panama en el Siglo_ xvi, por D. Manuel E. de Peralta, p. 9 (Madrid, 1833).

[2] _Historia General y Natural de Indias_, Part iii, Lib. iii.

[3] Palacio, _Carta al Rey_, Ed. Squier, p. 20.

[4] See the Report of Coronado in the collection of Peralta above quoted, p. 777.

[5] Ibid, p. 704.

[6] “Vinieron antiguamente de la Provincia de Nicaragua unas gentes que cansados de andar y de las descomodades que la peregrinacion trae consigo, se quedaron en tierra de Chiapa, y poblaron en un peñol aspero orillas de un Rio Grande que pasa por medio della y fortificaronse alli, porque nunca se quisieron sujetar á los Reyes de Mejico, antes tenian continuamente guerra con sus capitanes.” etc. Remesal, _Historia de Chiapa y Guatemala_, Lib. iv, cap. xiii.

[7] _Arte de la Lengua Chiapeneca._ Por Fray Juan de Albornoz.

_Doctrina Cristiana en Lengua Chiapaneca._ Por Fray Luis Barrientos.

These two publications comprise Vol. i of the _Bibliothèque de Linguistique et d’Ethnographie Americaines, publiée par_ Alph. L. Pinart (Paris, 1875).

Dr. Berendt states that the natives pronounce the name of the province _Chapa_, not _Chiapa_, and that the word is the Mangue _Chapa_, which means their sacred bird, the Ara or Guacamayo, from which they named their fortress in the State of Chiapas. Father Juan Nuñez, who was missionary among them about 1620, and who preached and wrote in their tongue, also called it “la lengua Chapaneca.” See Brasseur (de Bourbourg), _Bibliothèque Mexico-Guatemalienne_, pp. 109, 110.

[8] _Cuadro Descriptivo de las Lenguas Indígenas de Mexico_, Tomo iii, p. 559 (Mexico, 1875).

[9] Latham, _Essays, chiefly Philological and Ethnographical_, p. 373 (London, 1880).

[10] See the excellent work of Dr. B. C. A. Nogueira, _Apontamentos sobre o Abañeênga tambem chamado Guarani ou Tupi_, pp. 56, 57 (Rio Janeiro, 1876).