Part 25

1 God Niyoh 2 Devil Onesoono 3 Man Najina 4 Woman Konheghtie 5 Boy Aksaa 6 Girl Exaa 7 Child Exaa 8 Infant Onoskwataa 9 Father (my) Ihani 10 Mother “ Iknoha 11 Husband “ Ionkniniago 12 Wife “ Iongiahisko 13 Son “ Ihihawog 14 Daughter “ Ikhehawog 15 Brother “ Itekyatehnonte 16 Sister “ Kekeaha 17 An Indian Ongwehowe 18 Head Onowaa 19 Hair Ononkia 20 Face Okonsa 21 Scalp Onoha 22 Ear Honta 23 Eye Okaghha 24 Nose Onyohsia 25 Mouth Sishakaent 26 Tongue Aweanaghsa 27 Tooth Onojia 28 Beard Okosteaa 29 Neck Onyaa 30 Arm Oneantsa 31 Shoulder Oghnesia 32 Back Eshoghne 33 Hand Eshoghtage 34 Finger Onia 35 Nail Ojeighta 36 Breast Oahsia 37 Body Oyeonta 38 Leg Oghsena 39 Navel Kotshetot 40 Thigh Onhoska 41 Knee Okontsha 42 Foot Oshita 43 Toe Oghyakwea 44 Heel Iyatage 45 Bone Ostienda 46 Heart Kawiaghsa 47 Liver Gotwesia 48 Windpipe Ohowa 49 Stomach Onekreanda 50 Bladder Onheha 51 Blood Otgweasa 52 Vein Ojinohyada 53 Sinew Ojinohyada 54 Flesh Owaho 55 Skin Ogoneghwa 56 Seat Ondiadakwa 57 Ankle Ojihougwa 58 Town Kanatae 59 House Kanosiod 60 Door Kanhoha 61 Lodge Teyetasta 62 Chief Aghseanewane 63 Warrior Osgeagehta 64 Friend Aterotsera 65 Enemy Ondateswaes 66 Kettle Kanadsia 67 Arrow Kanoh 68 Bow Adota 69 War Club Kajihwaodriohta 70 Spear Kaghsigwa 71 Axe Atokea 72 Gun Kaota 73 Knife Kainatra 74 Flint Atrakwenda 75 Boat Kaowa 76 Ship Kaowagowa 77 Shoe Ataghkwa 78 Legging Kaisra 79 Coat Atyatawitra 80 Shirt Nikaheha 81 Breechcloth Katrotaa 82 Sash Teatniagwistrista 83 Headdress Tiodnaawonhasta 84 Pipe Atsiokwaghta 85 Wampum Otkoa 86 Tobacco Oyeangwa 87 Sky Otshata 88 Heaven Kaohyage 89 Sun Kaaghkwa 90 Moon Soheghkakaaghkwa 91 Star Ojishonda 92 Day Onisrate 93 Night Asohe 94 Light Teyohate 95 Darkness Tiyotasontage 96 Morning Sedetsiha 97 Evening Okaasa 98 Spring Kagwetijiha 99 Summer Kakenhage 100 Autumn Kananagene 101 Winter Kohsreghne 102 Wind Kawaondes 103 Lightning Teweanihos 104 Thunder Kaweanotatias 105 Rain Ostaondion 106 Snow Onieye 107 Hail Oidriondio 108 Fire Ojista 109 Water Onikanos 110 Ice Oitre 111 Earth—Land Oeanja 112 Sea Kanyateowaneghne 113 Lake Kanyataeni 114 River Kihade 115 Spring Oghnawaot 116 Stream Oghyeanto 117 Valley Teyostowento 118 Hill Onontae 119 Mountain Onontowanea 120 Plain Kaheantae 121 Forest Kahago 122 Meadow Ustondriakta 123 Bog Oweanjanawe 124 Island Kaweghnod 125 Stone Kaskwa 126 Rock Osteaha 127 Silver Kawistanoo 128 Copper Ogwenida 129 Iron Kaniawasa 130 Lead Kanikanawis 131 Maize Oneha 132 Wheat Onajia 133 Oats Oats 134 Potatoe Onata 135 Turnip Okteha 136 Tree Krael 137 Wood Oyeanda 138 Pine Ostaa 139 Oak Kakata 140 Ash Kahoweya 141 Elm Oshkra 142 Basswood Ohotra 143 Shrub Ohonda 144 Leaf Ouraghta 145 Bark Owajista 146 Grass Owenoghkra 147 Nettle Owhesra 148 Weed Owenokrasod 149 Flower Oweha 150 Bread Onada 151 Indian Meal Oneha otetra 152 Flour Otetra 153 Meat Owahon 154 Fat Osea 155 Beaver Akaniago 156 Deer Wahontes 157 Bison 158 Bear Yekwai 159 Otter Jutedro 160 Fox Ishaie 161 Wolf Tahioni 162 Dog Shoas 163 Squirrel Joniskro 164 Hare Toutaend 165 Lynx 166 Panther 167 Muskrat Te out 168 Polecat Kanewageha 169 Hog Kwiskwis 170 Horse Kaondanenkwi 171 Cow Tidoskwaout 172 Sheep Teyodinekaondoa 173 Turtle Kaniaghtengowa 174 Toad Naskwagaonta 175 Insect Otsinowa 176 Snake Osaista 177 Bird Jiteae 178 Egg Onhosia 179 Feather Ostotra 180 Claw Otsiouhta 181 Beak Kaniantasa 182 Wing Kawaontes 183 Goose Honkak 184 Partridge Kawesea 185 Duck Oheao 186 Pigeon Jakowa 187 Plover 188 Turkey Sohout 189 Crow Kaghka 190 Robin Jiskoko 191 Eagle Nataongowa 192 Hawk Tekayatakwa 193 Snipe Tawistewi 194 Owl Owa 195 Woodpecker Kwaa 196 Fish Otsionda 197 Trout Tiadatsea 198 Bass Onoksa 199 Pike Jikonsis 200 Sturgeon Kajhista 201 Sunfish Oaghkwaonio 202 Fin Owaia 203 Scale Otsta 204 White Keaankea 205 Black Sweandaea 206 Red Otkwenjia 207 Blue Drinaea 208 Yellow Jitkwa 209 Green Drahtaea 210 Great Kowanea 211 Small Niwaa 212 Strong Kashatste 213 Weak Oyatakeaheyo 214 Old Ostea 215 Young Ongwetasea 216 Good Oyanri 217 Bad Waetgea 218 Handsome Oyanri 219 Ugly Waetkea 220 Alive Onhe 221 Dead Aweaheyea 222 Life Onhe 223 Death Keaheyea 224 Cold Otowi 225 Hot Otaiho 226 Sour Teyohyojis 227 Sweet Okao 228 Bitter Odjiwagea 229 I I 230 Thou Ise 231 He Aoha 232 She Kaoha 233 They Onoha 234 You Ye Johha 235 We Oukyoha 236 This Neangea 237 That Shigea 238 All Gwegon 239 Part Tewadisto 240 Who Sonaot 241 Near Niyoea 242 Far off Ino 243 To-day Wanewanisade 244 Yesterday Tedea 245 To-morrow Iyohea 246 By and by Swegeha 247 Yes Eghea 248 No Teah 249 Perhaps Tokatgisa 250 Above Hetgea 251 Under Nagon 252 Within Nagongwadi 253 Without Atstegwadi 254 On Ethogh 255 Something Tikaweaniyoh 256 Nothing Teaskoutea 257 One Skat 258 Two Tekni 259 Three Segh 260 Four Kei 261 Five Wis 262 Six Yei 263 Seven Jatak 264 Eight Tekro 265 Nine Tyohto 266 Ten Waghsea 267 Eleven Skatskaie 268 Twelve Tekniskaie 269 Thirteen Aghseghskaie 270 Fourteen Keiskaie 271 Fifteen Wiskaie 272 Sixteen Yeiskaie 273 Seventeen Jatakskaie 274 Eighteen Tikroskaie 275 Nineteen Tyohtoskaie 276 Twenty Tewaghsea 277 Thirty Seniwaghsea 278 Forty Keiniwaghsea 279 Fifty Wisniwaghsea 280 Sixty Yeiniwaghsea 281 Seventy Jatakniwaghsea 282 Eighty Tekroniwagshea 283 Ninety Tyohtoniwagshea 284 One hundred Skateweaniawe 285 Two hundred Tekniteweaniawe 286 One thousand Waghseanateweaniawe 287 Two thousand Teweaniaweetsaghsea 288 One million 289 To eat Eyondikoni 290 To drink Eyehnikiha 291 To run Tesental 292 To walk Eyohteanti 293 To dance Teyontkwa 294 To fly Teankate 295 To laugh Iyakoyonde 296 To cry Teyoseanthou 297 To burn Ewatsia 298 To love Teyondatnoonk 299 To go Eyonteandi 300 To stride Eyegoheg 301 To kill Eyondatriyo 302 To sing Eyontreanote 303 To sleep Jakota 304 To speak Iyeghtaea 305 To die Iyaihhe 306 To see Iyontkaghto 307 To hear Ayohonk 308 To think[114] Ayonontonio 309 War cry Yontskwaeonio 310 Retreat cry Jatego 311 To give Eayontatea 312 To carry Eyeha 313 To tie Ayeshaondak 314 Walking Goghteandiahandia 315 Singing Eeanot 316 Dancing Teyagotkwea 317 Crying Teyoseantwas 318 To be, or exist Nethonanyohtohaag 319 He is Aohase 320 I am Ii

[114] If there is no infinitive, insert verbs in their simplest concrete form, i. e., indicative mood, present tense, first person, singular, as, he thinks, &c.

(M.)

Letter from Mr. Richard U. Shearman to Henry R. Schoolcraft.

_Vernon, October 4th, 1845._

SIR: I completed the enumeration of the Oneida Indians some days ago, but delayed sending a return to you to ascertain the Indian names. It doubtless contains all the information you require at this particular time. Several families are included in the marshal’s enumeration of the inhabitants of the town of Vernon. The remainder reside in Madison county.

The houses of these Indians are generally much better than the _log_ houses of the whites, being constructed of hewn, even jointed logs, with shingle roofs and good windows. There are three good frame houses belonging to them;—one of these is a very handsome one, belonging to Skenado. I noticed in it some tasty fringed window curtains and good carpets. The Indians whom you met at Oneida were the _flower_ of the tribe, being mostly farmers, who raise a sufficiency of produce for their comfortable support. There are several heads of families in my list, who cultivate no land of their own, but gain a subsistence by chopping wood and performing farm labor for others.

The whole number of families, I make, as you will perceive, 31. The whole number of houses I believe is but 28, but in each of these houses I found two families. The number of persons is 157. The count of last winter, which made 180 souls, was made with reference to retaining a certain amount of missionary funds, and Mr. Stafford, the Indian attorney, tells me it was made too high. Skenado says the tribe in this State numbers just 200 souls, of whom 40 are with the Onondagas.

_Vernon, December 16th, 1845._

“I have filled up your Indian vocabulary to-day. I wrote down the words as they were given to me by one Johnson, a pretty intelligent man, who sometimes acts as interpreter. My orthography may be somewhat at fault, owing to my limited knowledge of the Indian manner of sounding the letters of the English alphabet. In general, I have endeavored to spell the words according to their sound in English, though the letter _a_ is used often as in the English, and often to express the sound of _ah!_ With this exception, and the use of _hon_, _han_ and _hun_, to express a sound of which nothing in the English can convey an accurate impression, the spelling accords with the pronunciation. The Indian from whom I obtained the information informs me he knows of no words in his language to express such large numbers as _thousands_ and _millions_. I have, therefore, in the cases of those numbers, filled the blanks with the Indian for _ten hundred_ and _ten hundred thousand_; that is, in the latter case, _ten hundred ten hundreds_.

“I hope the table will be satisfactory, and that it may be of aid to you in making the comparison between the languages which you desire.

“Believe me, your friend, &c. “RICHARD U. SHEARMAN.”

ONEIDA.

223 224 Alive Loon ha. 225 Dead La wan ha yun. 226 Life Yun ha. 227 Death Ya wu ha yah. 228 Cold Yut ho lah. 229 Hot Yu ta le han. 230 Sour Ta yo yo gis. 231 Sweet Ya wa gon. 232 Bitter Yut ska lot. 233 I Ee. 234 Thou Eesa. _He_ _she._ 235 He or she La oon ha—a oon ha. 236 We Tat ne jah loo. 237 You Eesa. 238 They Lo no hah. 239 This Kah e kah. 240 That To e kuh. 241 All A qua kon. 242 Part Ta kah ha sioun. 243 Many A so. 244 Who Hon ka. 245 Near Ac tah. 246 Far-off E non. 247 To-day Ka wan da. 248 Yesterday Ta tan. 249 To-morrow A yul ha na. 250 Yes Ha. 251 No Yah ten. 252 Perhaps To ga no nah. 253 Above A nah kan. 254 Wonder An ta ka. 255 Within Na gon. 256 Without Ats ta. 257 On Ka ha le. 258 Something Ot hok no ho ta. 259 Nothing Ya ha ta non. 260 One Ans cot. 261 Two Da ga nee. 262 Three Ha son. 263 Four Ki ya lee. 264 Five Wisk. 265 Six Yah yak. 266 Seven Ja dak. 267 Eight Ta ka lon. 268 Nine Wa tlon. 269 Ten O ya lee. 270 Eleven Ans cot ya wa la. 271 Twelve Da ga na ya wa la. 272 Thirteen Ha son ya wa la. 273 Fourteen Ki ya lu ya wa la. 274 Fifteen Wisk ya wa la. 275 Sixteen Ya yah ya wa la. 276 Seventeen Ja dak ya wa la. 277 Eighteen Ta ka lon ya wa la. 278 Nineteen Wa tlon ya wa la. 279 Twenty Ta was hon. 280 Thirty Ha son ne was hon. 281 Forty Ki ya lu ne was. 282 Fifty Wisk ne was. 283 Sixty Yah yak ne was. 283 Seventy Ja dak ne was. 284 Eighty Ta ka lon ne was. 285 Ninety Wa tlon ne was. 286 One hundred Ans cot ta wa ne a wa. 287 Two hundred Da ga na ta wa ne a wa. 288 One thousand O ya lee ta wa ne a wa. 289 Two thousand Ta was ha ta wa ne a wa. 290 Million O ya lu ta wa ne a wa-o ya lee ta wa ne a wa. 291 To eat Yon take hon ne. 292 To drink Yah na kee lah. 293 To run Yah dak ha. 294 295 To walk Ee yun. 296 297 To dance Ta yunt qua. 298 To laugh Yah go yas hon. 299 To cry Da yon unt os. 300 To burn U dek ha. 301 To love Ee no lon qua. 302 To go Wa hon ta de. 303 To strike Wa a gon lek. 304 To kill Wa gon wa lew. 305 To sing Ka lon no ta. 306 To sleep Ya go tas. 307 To die Wa a ee ha ya. 308 To sit Ya day lon. 309 To speak Ya god ha la. 310 To see Wa ont kot. 311 To hear Yah got hon day. 312 To think Yonnon ton nion ha. 313 To shout Tay ya go hon let. 314 The war cry At lee yos la tay ya go hon let. 315 To shout Ta ya go hon let. 316 The retreat Wa ha day go. 317 To give Wa han da don. 318 To carry Yay ha we. 319 To tie Ka warn. 320 Walking Ee yen. 321 Singing Ka lon no ta. 322 Dancing Ta hat qua. 323 Crying Das yon unt os. 324 To exist Ya gon ha. 325 I am E gon ha.

The preceding part of this vocabulary, taken by myself, together with the entire vocabularies of the Onondaga and the Seneca, which are necessary to render the comparison complete, are omitted.

(N.)

Letter from Mr. D. E. Walker to Henry R. Schoolcraft.

_Batavia, July 26th, 1845._

MR. SCHOOLCRAFT: I have visited the mound on Dr. Noltan’s farm. Nothing of great importance can be learned from it. I should think it about fifty rods from the creek, and elevated, perhaps, some eight feet above the general level of the ground.

A similar one is also found about two miles south of this, and, as is this, it is on high ground, of circular form, and with a radius of about one rod. They were discovered about thirty or thirty-five years since. Nothing has been found in them, save human bones. The first, some nine or ten years since, was nearly all ploughed up and scraped into the road.

It is said that “sculls, arms and legs were seen on fences, stumps and the high-way for a long time after they were drawn into the road.”

On, some two miles beyond the second was discovered a burial-ground. At that place were ploughed up shell, bone, or quill-beads. Near this place was found a brown earthen pot, standing between the roots of a large tree, (maple, they think) and with a small sapling grown in it, to some six inches in diameter. Beads of shell, bone or porcupine quills have often been found. I would have remarked, that on the first mound stood a hickory-tree some two feet through. There is also a ridge at the termination of high ground; I say a ridge, it appeared to me to be a regular fortification. It is, I should judge from thirty to forty feet in length. It would appear that the ground was dug down from some distance back, and wheeled to the termination of high ground, until a bank is thrown up to a height of some fifteen or twenty feet. This ridge, some think to be natural; others, from the fact that a smooth stone, about the size and shape of a pestle, was found in it, think it to be artificial. Perhaps other relics may have been found in it that would show it to be an artificial formation. All I could learn (and I rode about seven miles out of my way to converse with an old inhabitant) was, that this pestle was found in the ridge, and within three or four feet of its surface.

We may, perhaps, infer something from the size of an underjaw found here, _which is said to have been so large as to much more than equal that of the largest face in the country_.

Respectfully. D. E. WALKER.

(O.)

Letter from H. C. Van Schaack, Esq. to Henry R. Schoolcraft.

_Manlius, July 18th, 1845._

DEAR SIR: Yours of yesterday from Jamesville is received. Its enclosure is the first intimation I have of having been chosen a corresponding member of the N. Y. Historical Society. I shall be happy to advance the objects of the Society.

I regret that you have not found it convenient to call, I hope you will still conclude to come. In the interim, I am convinced that Mr. C. can advance your objects better than I can; he has read several addresses on these subjects before the Literary Associations here and at Syracuse within two years past.

I have a collection of interesting papers (found among my father’s papers at Kinderhook) relating chiefly to Indian affairs during the first half of the last century in the colony of New-York. These I am arranging, at my leisure, for the purpose of presentation to the N. Y. H. Society. I hope also to be able to send some papers of my father’s which will advance the object of the society in rescuing the Indian names on the east banks of the Hudson from oblivion, and which last I had intended to forward to the Society through you. But I must take my time to effect those objects.

Excuse the haste with which this letter is written, as I have only this moment received your letter, and I do not wish to lose a mail.

Respectfully yours.

_Manlius, Nov. 22nd, 1845._

DEAR SIR: I forwarded to Mr. Gibbs, the librarian, a few days ago a volume containing various MSS. selected from my father’s papers, relating chiefly to our aboriginal history, and about which I wrote you some time ago. You will find among them the journal of Conrad Weiser, Indian interpreter, giving an account of a visit to the Six Nations in 1745, at which time he accompanied the Senecas to Oswego, on their way to pay a visit to the Governor of Canada. You will also find among the papers, the original minutes of the Grand Council at Albany, in 1745, at which were present commissioners from Massachusetts, Connecticut, Pennsylvania, and New-York, with Governors from several of those States and the Sachems of the Six Nations. I think you will be interested in some of the papers. When I visit Kinderhook again, I hope to be able to make some additions to the contribution I have made to the Society. Many of the old papers relating to land trials, contain matter throwing light upon Indian names of objects and places. I, however, despair of ever seeing anything like a completeness of that description.

Respectfully yours, H. C. VAN SCHAACK.

(P.)

Letter from L. T. Morgan, Esq., to H. R. Schoolcraft.

_Rochester, October 7, 1845._