CHAPTER IV.

ABSCESSES OF THE EAR.

(_Haematoma_)

CAUSE.—Irritations or injuries to the ear. Washing dogs with irritating soap and not properly drying them causes dogs to have an itchy sensation which they constantly aggravate by scratching the ear with the paw and shaking the head and flopping the ears violently, resulting in this disease.

SYMPTOMS.—The dog will be noticed carrying the head to one side and shaking it frequently in a violent manner. It will also scratch the ear with the paw involuntarily. When the inner surface of the ear is carefully examined it will be found extremely swollen and have an abnormal appearance, will be stiff and extend out from the head. Great heat and pain will be evinced when pressure is applied. The puffy swelling inside the ear will contain a serous fluid which is very offensive in odor.

TREATMENT.—With a clean, sharp knife open the abscess and allow the bloody fluid to escape. Then dress the wound twice a day with clean cotton and a solution made from Tincture of Iodine, one dram, to one-half ounce of water. To prevent the dog from scratching and flopping the ears, which would cause further irritation, bind the ears to the head by means of a bandage or hood. Feed clean, wholesome, laxative food and compel him to exercise, as good physical condition and clean surroundings assist materially in healing wounds of the flesh.

APOPLEXY

(_Congestion of the Brain_)

CAUSE.—Congestion or rupture of the blood vessels of the brain, which causes a sudden arrest of sense and motion, the dog lying as if in a deep sleep. It seldom attacks young, but occurs frequently in fat dogs, especially if aged and not accustomed to exercise.

SYMPTOMS.—They are very hard to detect, as the dog generally becomes unconscious before any violent symptoms are noticed, but there is generally unsteadiness in the walk, dizziness, deafness, blindness, constipation, etc., preceding an attack, but only a careful observer will notice them.

TREATMENT.—As this is a very dangerous disease, no time should be lost. The first thing is to relieve the head from the accumulation of blood to prevent further congestion and avoid inflammatory action. To accomplish this place the head well up and apply cold to the head by means of pounded ice in a cloth bag. Loosen the collar around the neck and apply hot packs to the feet to induce the flow of blood to the lower extremities. Also give a physic consisting of one to two grains of Calomel. After the dog recovers from the fit great care will be required to prevent a second attack. The diet should be light and nutritious. Always avoid feeding too large a quantity at one time, to prevent overloading of the stomach. Also avoid excitement or excessive exercise on a hot day. A cathartic as Calomel should be administered when a dog shows any signs of constipation.

ASTHMA

CAUSE.—In some instances I believe it is hereditary, although in others no influence of this nature can be discovered. This affection frequently follows organic diseases of the chest. The spasms of difficult breathing may be directly due to irritants inspired into the lungs, such as smoke, gas, or dust and cold air containing infectious matter. Overfeeding frequently produces this condition, as an abnormal distention of the stomach presses against the lungs and causes them to become inactive and spasmodic contraction of the muscular fibers of the bronchial tubes follows. Dogs with narrow chest cavities are predisposed to asthma, which condition is hereditary.

SYMPTOMS.—This disease is attended with difficulty of breathing and a sensation of constriction of the chest, giving rise to wheezing, coughing and general nervousness. The animal becomes emaciated, the hair has a rough, faded appearance, although it will continue to eat well. Constipation is generally associated with this disease.

TREATMENT.—Place the animal in clean, comfortable surroundings, exercise carefully as violent exercise would tend to aggravate the disease. Feed sparingly on nitrogenous food that is easily digested; also administer Fowler’s Solution of Arsenic, four drops, twice daily. This can be placed on the food, as the dog will take it readily. If the bowels are constipated, give one to two tablespoonfuls of Castor Oil. Good care and careful feeding play a very important part in the treatment of asthma.

BARRENNESS

CAUSE.—Either the extreme of overfeeding and insufficient exercise or of overworking and insufficient supply of food. Contraction of the neck of the womb or atrophy of the ovaries may produce barrenness. There are also other conditions that produce failure to breed, such as inflammation or growths in the womb or ovaries, leucorrhea, etc.

SYMPTOMS.—If due to Leucorrhea there will be a white, glary discharge from the vagina, which looks like curdled milk. It sometimes accumulates in the uterus and comes away in large quantities and there is a fetid smell. The animal generally becomes debilitated. In other cases, where there is a contraction of the womb or atrophy of the ovaries, no abnormal conditions will be noticed except that the animal fails to conceive when bred.

TREATMENT.—Use both local and constitutional treatment. Feed sparingly on nitrogenous food that is easily digested. Allow to exercise moderately and the bitch may become fertile, if no morbid conditions are present. If the animal is constipated administer one to two ounces of Castor Oil and if in a run-down, debilitated condition give Pulv. Nux Vomica, Pulv. Ginger Root, Pulv. Ferri Sulphate, each one dram. Make into thirty-two capsules and give one capsule three times daily.

BRONCHITIS

CAUSE.—Sudden change of temperature, etc., choking, drenching, inhalations of irritating material as certain vapors, dust, etc., containing infectious material; accumulations of gas in the stomach containing particles of food may be regurgitated up into the esophagus frequently producing bronchitis.

SYMPTOMS.—The chief symptoms consist of fever, hurried breathing with a sense of tightness about the chest, but not always acute pain. The cough is severe and dry at first, but later expectoration commences. The discharge that is raised from the bronchial tubes at first is a clear, thin mucus, but afterwards it becomes thicker, more abundant and purulent. It is difficult for persons not accustomed to examining the chest to always distinguish the disease from pneumonia, if the case is one of severity. In mild cases the symptoms need not usually occasion much alarm.

TREATMENT.—This disease may be prevented frequently by giving five to ten grains of Dover’s Powder as soon as it is discovered that the dog has taken a cold. It is best given in the evening then placing the dog in a warm bed; also give some warm stimulants to drink as Tincture of Capsicum, five to fifteen drops in a teaspoonful of luke warm water. In the morning, give one to two grains of Calomel. If the above does not cut the disease short, then keep the dog confined to warm quarters and give inhalations of steam from hot water and Turpentine. For the cough, which is usually troublesome, give the following mixture: Potassium Chlorate, one dram; Liquor Ammonia Acetate, three ounces; Vini Ipecac, two drams; Tincture of Camph. Co., one-half ounce; Aqua Chloroform, quantity sufficient to make four ounces. Give one to two teaspoonfuls three or four times daily. Also feed nutritious food that is easily digested and permit the animal to have access to pure cold water.

BURNS AND SCALDS

There is considerable difference in the extent of injury from the burns produced by hot vapors, fluids, etc. In some cases, which are only superficial, there will be slight inflammation or redness produced, while in others the burn may be of severity and cause the death of the skin, followed by sloughing.

TREATMENT.—For Burns and Scalds of ordinary severity, I have derived excellent results from equal parts of Raw Linseed Oil and Lime Water, as it removes the soreness and restores the part to its normal condition. In cases where the skin is sloughed off, in addition to the above recommended, dust with Boracic Acid, two ounces; Corn Starch, two ounces; Tannic Acid, one-half ounce; Iodoform, two drams. Mix and powder finely. Place in sifter top can and apply two or three times daily to the moist, sloughing surface.

CANKER OF THE EAR

CAUSE.—Filth and dust, especially in long-eared hunting dogs, as the inner surface of the ear becomes dirty and damp from wading streams and running through tall, wet grass. This condition is not serious at first, but it will irritate the dog so as to cause him to shake his head and scratch the ear with his paw. Permit no filth to enter the ear as this will assist to develop a Canker, which becomes very painful.

SYMPTOMS.—The dog shakes the head violently and scratches the ears with the paw and even howls from the severe pain produced. The ears will be moist and have a poked-out appearance, due to the swelling. As the disease progresses, there will be a very disagreeable discharge from the ear that can be very easily detected some distance from the animal. Ulceration eventually follows, affecting the internal structure of the ear, which condition is very difficult to treat.

TREATMENT.—Remove the cause, if possible. Then inject ten to fifteen drops of the following solution: Mild Chloride of Mercury, fifteen grains; Lime Water, four ounces. Shake well and apply to the ear as above mentioned two to three times a day. Place a small piece of cotton in the ear after each injection. Also place a hood over the ears or bandage them down with a cloth.

CATARRH

(_Cold in the Head_)

CAUSE.—The most common, perhaps, is exposure, especially after a dog has been used to warm closed quarters. Dogs used for hunting purposes, when in a poor condition, with their system weakened, are often victims of Catarrh.

SYMPTOMS.—Slight dullness. May not take food very well, hair standing to some extent, pulse not much affected, throat becomes sore. After the congestion passes off, exudation takes place, followed by discharge and it may be very profuse, but it need not alarm you. There is generally impaired secretion of urine, but breathing not much affected in most cases. We also have a discharge from the nose in other diseases, such as Distemper, Bronchitis, Pneumonia, etc.

TREATMENT.—The treatment should be constitutional as well as local. Place the animal in clean, well-ventilated quarters; feed good nourishing food, which is quite important. The following prescription is very beneficial in suppressing the secretion from the nostrils: Ferri Hypophosphitis, five grains; Quinine Sulphate, three grains; Pulv. Nux Vomica, two drams; Arsenous Acid, one-half grain. Make into twelve capsules and give one capsule two or three times a day. Give inhalations of steam from hot water and Oil of Eucalyptus for one-half hour twice daily. Permit the dog to exercise if the weather is favorable. If constipated give rectal injections and feed laxative food. Avoid giving physics in Catarrh, especially if there is fever present.

CHOREA

(_St. Vitus Dance_)

CAUSE.—Due to an irritation of the nervous system. It is especially associated with debility, although it may follow constitutional diseases, such as Distemper, etc. It is sometimes caused by a direct injury to the brain or spinal cord.

SYMPTOMS.—A continuous twitching of the muscles which is noticeable even though the animal sleeps. The muscles of the head may be affected, or those of one or both fore limbs or of a hind limb. An animal affected with Chorea will show an unsteady gait when walking and usually becomes very poor, although it will have a very good appetite at all times.

TREATMENT.—In severe cases the dog will not, as a rule, respond to treatment. In milder cases, if taken in hand early, improvement may be brought about, but seldom a complete recovery. Many drugs have been tried in the treatment of Chorea, but the superiority of one medicine over another has not been practically demonstrated. Fowler’s Solution of Arsenic given in from two to eight drop doses has been tried in a large number of cases and in my experience it has given the best results. The drug should be given at first in small doses and gradually increased as tolerance is established. If the physiological action of the Arsenic becomes manifested it should be discontinued for a few days. In severe cases, Sedatives are indicated. Of these, either Bromide of Potassi or Sodii should be given in ten to twenty grain doses, prepared in gelatin capsules and administered three or four times a day. Attention to the digestive organs and to the diet is necessary during the treatment. If the dog is constipated one or two tablespoonfuls of Castor Oil should be administered. Feed nitrogenous food that is easily digested and provide comfortable sleeping quarters.

COLIC

CAUSE.—Worms, indigestible or decomposed irritating food, compaction or obstruction, calculus, strictures of the intestines or it may be due to liver complication and animals swallowing sharp bones, etc. Several forms of poisoning may produce Colic.

SYMPTOMS.—The dog evinces severe abdominal pain, usually with constipation and often vomiting. As a rule, there is no fever or quickness of the pulse. The pain, which is spasmodic, is relieved on pressure as the dog prefers to lie on his abdomen in many instances. The dog frequently eats green grass as this causes him to vomit, which is nature’s method of relieving the digestive tract of irritating material.

TREATMENT.—In cases which are not very severe, the application of hot cloths to the abdomen frequently affords relief. Ginger, ten to twenty grains, dissolved in a teaspoonful of water may relieve a mild attack, but when the above treatment fails the following is recommended: Fluid Extract of Cannabis Indica, one dram; Chloroform, one dram; Tincture of Capsicum, ten drops; Oil of Peppermint, ten drops; Morphine, three grains; water, quantity sufficient to make one fluid ounce. Give ten to fifteen drops every hour, if necessary. A physic is indicated in the majority of cases of Colic for the purpose of removing irritants or obstructions from the intestines. Calomel, one to two grains, is a very efficient drug, while Castor Oil is given with great difficulty and it should be administered only where diarrhoea is a complication of Colic. Rectal injections of warm water is very beneficial in the treatment of intestinal obstructions. It is good practice to give a dog some vermifuge after an attack of Colic, as worms frequently produce it.

CONSTIPATION

CAUSE.—Insufficient exercise, overfeeding or feeding decomposed or irritating foods. Dogs are predisposed to indigestion as they frequently swallow a large quantity of indigestible food without masticating it. Poor care and exposure to cold also frequently produce Constipation.

SYMPTOMS.—Constipation is often a complication of other diseases, the feces is dry-looking and may be more or less covered with a mucus. A prominent symptom is straining, attempts to defecate, the appetite is greatly impaired, the dog acts dull and stands with the head down or goes off to some quiet place and lies down. Protrusion of the rectum or piles may occur, especially if the animal has eaten freely of dry, indigestible food. Colicky pains are sometimes manifested. Constipation occurring from causes other than a complication of diseases seldom takes on a serious form.

TREATMENT.—When a dog becomes constipated, all dry, indigestible food should be withheld. A soft, easily digested diet should be fed sparingly and a liberal supply of water allowed. In some cases it is well to exercise the dog. A physic of two to four ounces of Castor Oil should be given, but overdosing with physics avoided. The action of the physic should be assisted by injecting into the rectum warm, soapy water. Tonics which assist digestion by stimulating secretions of the bowels, should be administered, as Ferri Sulphate, one-half dram; Quinine, one-half dram; Pulv. Nux Vomica, one-half dram; Gentian Root, one dram. Mix and make into twelve capsules and give one capsule three or four times a day.

The above treatment must be persisted in until the constipated condition is relieved.

DIARRHOEA AND DYSENTERY

CAUSE.—Among the common causes of Diarrhoea and Dysentery can be mentioned irritating foods, sudden change in feed, decomposed matter, irritation from intestinal worms, imperfect mastication of food and its imperfect preparation for digestion, eating more food than the digestive organs can well digest, debilitated condition and irritation from indigestible food. The immediate cause is perhaps the irritated condition of the mucous membranes lining the intestines and a profuse secretion from the intestinal glands, nature’s own method of removing poisonous or infectious matter from the digestive canal.

SYMPTOMS.—Undue amount of liquid feces, the dog weakly and sickly, the coat staring and perhaps a sort of curdled fluid passes with the feces. If the fecal matter is tinged with blood, then it is called Dysentery, and this is more serious than common Diarrhoea. These conditions are generally associated with other diseases and should be examined very carefully for complications.

TREATMENT.—Treatment consists of keeping the dog as quiet as possible, feed sparingly on clean, easily digested food, as raw eggs, etc. It may be necessary to give a dose of physic, as Castor Oil in two to four ounce doses which is an excellent remedy for expelling irritants from the bowels without griping. After the cause or irritant from within the intestines is removed administer Protan, one-half ounce; Gum Catechu, one-half ounce; Zinc Sulphocarbolates, two grains. Make into sixteen capsules and give one capsule every four hours. This dose is prepared for a dog weighing forty pounds. To larger dogs or puppies give the same medicine in doses proportionate to their weight.

DISTEMPER

CAUSE.—Is due to a specific bacteria that is developed spontaneously, although I am of the opinion that insanitary surroundings, as dark, damp, ill-ventilated quarters play a very active part in its causation as well as food that is decomposed, contaminated or deficient in nitrogenous matter, or any condition that has a tendency to weaken the dog’s constitution.

SYMPTOMS.—The first symptom revealed is a bad cold. The dog chills, the eyes become inflamed and a thin watery discharge oozes from them as well as from the nostrils, and, as the disease progresses, this thin watery discharge takes on a pus-like character, becomes thick, yellow, tinged with blood, sticky and very offensive in smell. The dog vomits and has a dry, husky cough, the temperature rises from two to four degrees above normal, the pulse considerably weakened, breathing hurried and labored and the dog walks around in a staggering stupor and may even go into convulsions. There is also a twitching of the muscles in many cases, as in Chorea, and this disease generally follows Distemper. In other cases, the dog will lie flat on the side, breathe with great difficulty, in a half-unconscious manner. This is a very unfavorable symptom, as lung complications have developed. Constipation or diarrhoea and even dysentery that is foul in odor may accompany this disease. The dog grows very poor, weak, the legs, nose and ears grow cold and clammy, and death follows. When the above described symptoms are present, the dog generally dies in from two to four days. If he lives through this stage, chances are that he will develop Chorea and be of practically no value.

TREATMENT.—As this disease runs its course in about eighteen days, good sanitary surroundings are very beneficial. Pure, fresh air, light, clean and comfortable place to lie upon are also necessary. Feed albuminous food, as raw eggs, milk, etc. Beef broth is very beneficial in many cases; also permit the dog to have free access to pure water at all times.

If vomiting accompanies the disease, the following prescription should be administered: Diluted Prussic Acid, nine drops; Morphine Hydrochlorate, ten grains; Bismuth Nitrate, one dram; water, quantity sufficient to make three ounces. Give one tablespoonful not oftener than six hours. This should be given a dog weighing forty pounds. Smaller or larger dogs should receive the same medicine in doses proportionate to their weight. When constipation is present, give two to four ounces of Castor Oil. The general medical treatment for Dog Distemper consists of the following: Quinine Sulphate, two drams; Potassi Nitrate, three drams; Zinc Sulphocarbolates, two drams. Mix well and make into twenty-four capsules and give one capsule every two or three hours. This dose should be proportionately increased in dogs weighing over forty pounds, or decreased for dogs weighing less than forty pounds. Of course a difference of five pounds should not be considered. Bathe the nose and eyes several times daily in a five per cent solution of Boracic Acid. When complications, as Chorea or Pneumonia develop, use the treatments as described under their respective headings.

ECZEMA

(_Surfeit_)

CAUSE.—Derangements of the digestive canal, dogs recovering from distemper, or a bitch after whelping, is predisposed to Eczema. Dogs exposed to a sudden chilling of the surface of the body, when heated, frequently develop Surfeit. Sometimes dogs confined to poorly ventilated, damp kennels develop Eczema, or Surfeit. In fact, any condition that tends to cause a sluggishness of the circulation produces impure blood, and eruptions of the skin naturally follow as a result.

SYMPTOMS.—This disease generally affects the neck, back, inside the thighs, arms and the abdomen. The skin becomes red, painful to the touch, small pimples form and serum oozes from them. This gradually spreads and the skin becomes raw and ulcerated. The dog will continue to scratch and bite himself violently, producing further irritation, if not properly treated.

TREATMENT.—Internal treatment is just as essential as applications to the skin. Digestive and blood disorders must be eradicated before the outer surface of the body will yield to a treatment. Internally, give Fowler’s Solution of Arsenic, two to eight drops, three times daily in the food. The drug should be given at first in small doses and gradually increased as tolerance is established. If the bowels are sluggish, give one to three grains of Calomel. This will relieve any irritant in the alimentary canal. Feed food that is easily digested, as vegetables, Cod Liver Oil, etc. Beef Broth is beneficial, but a heavy meat diet should be discontinued. To the irritated surface of the skin, the following is soothing as well as healing: Zinc Oxide, one ounce; Pisis Liquid, one ounce; Mercurial Ointment, one ounce. Mix and apply sparingly once a day. Poisons are readily absorbed through the skin, therefore, be very careful when using powerful antiseptics over a large surface of the body.

EYE INJURIES

(_Conjunctivitis_)

CAUSE.—Direct or indirect injuries, as a blow from a whip, dust, sand or chaff in the eye, or may be due to extreme cold, or heat, or foul air.

SYMPTOMS.—An inflammation of the superficial structures of the eye, with a partial or complete closure, and a watery discharge due to the overstimulation of the lachrymal glands, the fluid being secreted so abundantly that it is impossible for the tear duct to carry it away, hence there will be a continuous flow of tears running down the side of the dog’s face. The formation of a film or a scum over the eyes need not cause alarm if the eyeball shows no sign of being lacerated or punctured.

TREATMENT.—Examine the eye carefully and remove any foreign body with a clean cloth or feather, and use a solution made from distilled water containing three per cent Boric Acid, and apply ten or twelve drops to the eye by the use of an ordinary eye-dropper. Keep the animal in a clean, dark room, as it hastens recovery and avoids other serious eye complications.

FITS

(_Epilepsy_)

CAUSE.—Usually arises from excessive nervous irritation, induced by disturbances of the stomach and bowels from the presence of worms, indigestible food, etc., or it may arise occasionally from a hereditary predisposition, sexual excess, urine irritation, or from other causes inducing extreme nervousness, irritability, etc. Dogs affected with this disease are usually troubled with dyspepsia and constipation.

SYMPTOMS.—The leading symptoms of the disease are sudden loss of consciousness, with spasms of muscles, followed by exhaustion and drowsiness. After a certain length of time has passed, the attack returns. About five or ten per cent of the cases give some warning for a short time before the fits come on, but in most cases the fit comes on suddenly, the dog whines, and at once falls to the ground senseless with convulsions. The eyes are partly open, the eyeballs rolling, and a gnawing of the teeth, foaming at the mouth; the tongue is usually extended out, and many times badly bitten. The nose is usually cold and clammy and breathing laborious. The fit usually lasts from a few minutes to one-half hour, but in some cases continues for longer time.

TREATMENT.—The dog should be placed on a blanket to prevent inhalations of dust, etc., remove the collar from around the neck, and apply cold applications of ice to the head. The remedy most to be relied upon is Bromide of Potassium, and should be given to a dog weighing forty pounds in doses of twenty grains three times a day. The dose to larger or smaller dogs should be given in proportion to their weight. If necessary, the dose may be increased one-third for a short time. Also give Castor Oil, one to two ounces. To puppies give in proportion to their weight. Pay strict attention to the organs of digestion, and see that the nourishment taken is sufficient to nourish the body well, but be careful not to have an over-amount at one time. Also regulate the feed so as to always have five or six hours elapse between feeds. It is advisable to give a vermifuge in all cases of fits, as worms are frequently producers of the malady.

FRACTURES

(_Bone Fractures_)

CAUSE.—There are several different varieties of fractures, but for convenience sake I will divide them into four varieties:

1. Simple fracture is one in which a bone is broken and the muscles and skin are not severely injured.

2. Compound fracture is one in which the sharp ends of the broken bone penetrate and perhaps pass through the skin. This is considered a rather severe fracture.

3. Comminuted fracture is one in which a broken bone is badly shattered.

4. Complicated fracture is one in which important articular joints and large arteries are injured.

Some people imagine that the bones of the dog will not unite as quickly as the bones of man, but I am of the opinion that they will unite quicker if the bones are properly placed and the animal kept quiet. I will admit that fractures are somewhat troublesome to treat in some cases, although I have seen dogs with severe fractures make good recoveries without any assistance other than that of nature. In treating a fracture where the bones penetrate the skin, cut the hair from around the surface and wash with a five per cent solution of Carbolic Acid. Place the broken bones in position, wrap the surface with a thin layer of cotton and retain the bones in position with splints and bandages. Keep the animal as quiet as possible and feed on soft laxative good. If bowels become constipated, give two to four ounces of Castor Oil. If severe swelling follows in a few days, and the dog shows signs of great pain, remove the bandage and wash clean with an antiseptic. Then place fresh cotton around the part and bandage the same as before.

GOITER

(_Bronchocele_)

CAUSE.—Generally associated with a debilitated condition of a heavy pregnant bitch that is poorly fed, and exposed to various temperatures. The offspring of such a bitch are very often victims of Goiter. When the puppies are born the mother’s milk lacks sufficient nitrogenous properties; they are consequently deprived of mineral matter and develop Goiter. Some writers hold that this is hereditary, because one or more puppies become affected at the same time. I believe that it is due to debility, starvation, and what produces it in one dog will produce it in another. Although full-grown dogs are often victims of Goiters, it is due to some debilitated condition drawing on their systems. Even though the dog looks well, and appears to be in good condition, his food may be deficient in mineral properties.

SYMPTOMS.—Enlargement of the Thyroid bodies of the ductless gland situated on the under surface of the neck. It may vary from the size of a pigeon’s egg to the size of a man’s two fists. It is very easily detected, and does not often interfere with the animal’s breathing unless it becomes abnormally large and causes pressure on the windpipe, jugular vein and esophagus. A dog affected with Goiter does not thrive, his hair looks faded, dusty and rough.

TREATMENT.—Administer Adrenolin twice daily in five to ten grain doses half an hour before feeding, and two to five grains of Potassium Iodide two times daily shortly after feeding. The Potassium Iodide should be discontinued when the skin scales, or when an abnormal watery discharge from the eyes is present. To the enlargement apply Tincture of Iodine once a day with a camelhair brush. If the dog has long hair, clip it off from over the enlargement. Feed the dog on nitrogenous foods, as raw eggs, Cod Liver Oil, Beef Broth, and also supply him with soft bones to chew. Where the bowels are constipated, give one to two ounces of Castor Oil. The above medicines prescribed are prescribed for dogs weighing forty pounds, and should be increased when given to larger, or decreased when given to smaller dogs proportionately to their weight. See that the dog has clean, light and well ventilated quarters to sleep in.

INDIGESTION

(_Dyspepsia_)

CAUSE.—Intestinal worms, indigestible and unnutritious food, foreign bodies in the stomach, eating too large a quantity or, in many cases, eating too fast, torpidity of the liver, derangements of the teeth, as the accumulations of tartar cause the gums to become soft and sore, resulting in the dog not taking sufficient time to chew food properly; excessive or inexcessive exercise, or improper attention to the hygienic surroundings often derange the digestive system.

SYMPTOMS.—The appetite is depraved, the dog eats grass freely, and vomits often; colicky pains, persistent constipation and bloating, causing the dog serious inconvenience. He is irritable, dull and evidently out of sorts; his coat looks faded and feels rough; the temperature and pulse are not much affected; as a rule the breath is foul, the tongue covered with a whitish fur, loss of flesh occurs, and paleness of the skin.

TREATMENT.—Good hygiene, careful feeding of nitrogenous foods and regular exercise plays a very important part in the treatment of indigestion. First, endeavor to clean out the Alimentary Canal by the careful use of physics, as Calomel in one to three grain doses. Feed raw eggs, sweet milk, boiled vegetables, fresh raw beef finely chopped. Also give one tablespoonful of Cod Liver Oil two or three times a day. I have derived good results in the treatment of Indigestion by using the following gastric tonic: Pepsin, two ounces; Syrup of Orange, two ounces; Tincture of Columbia, five drams; Tincture Nux Vomica, one dram; Tincture Gentian, one dram; water, quantity sufficient to make six ounces. Mix and give one or two teaspoonfuls three times daily before feeding. In cases where there is great difficulty in the dog passing the feces, give rectal injections of soap and warm water.

JAUNDICE

(_Liver Congestion_)

CAUSE.—A sluggishness of the liver, or by the bile duct becoming obstructed by a Calculi (Gall Stone). Either condition suppresses the flow of bile into the bowels, hence the bile is taken up by the blood and causes the visible mucous membranes of the eyes and mouth to become yellowish in color. The predisposing causes are improper and overfeeding, combined with lack of exercise in house dogs, or excessive exercise in hunting dogs, exposure to damp, ill-ventilated sleeping quarters, producing debility, and liver complications are likely to follow.

SYMPTOMS.—Appetite varied, thirst great, vomiting occasionally, the dog shows signs of dullness and sleepiness. Then there may be alternate diarrhoea and constipation, the tongue coated and foul in smell, the eyes, mouth, inside of the ears, and the skin inside the thighs and fore legs become very yellow and dry, temperature and pulse not much affected, the dog passes small quantities of dark amber colored urine frequently, due to the bile it contains. In severe cases, the dog loses strength and flesh readily and soon becomes a mere skeleton. Jaundice is often a complication of other diseases, as distemper, indigestion, colic, constipation, etc.

TREATMENT.—Endeavor to make the dog as comfortable as possible by placing him in quiet, clean, light and well ventilated quarters. If he is in great pain, apply hot applications over the seat of pain and administer Calomel, one-half grain; Podophyllin, two grains; Powdered Jalap, one dram; Powdered Rhubarb, one dram. Make into six capsules and give one capsule once daily to a dog weighing forty pounds; to smaller or larger dogs regulate the dose in proportion to their weight. The above prescription stimulates the flow of bile from the liver into the bowels, which is very important in the treatment of Jaundice. Tonics are also necessary, and I have found the following very beneficial in treating convalescing diseases, especially where the appetite is poor: Pulv. Ferri Sulphate, one dram; Quinine Sulphate, one dram; Pulv. Nux Vomica, one dram; Pulv. Gentian Root, two drams. Mix and make into twenty-four capsules and give one capsule three times daily just before feeding. This dose should be given to a dog weighing about forty pounds. Smaller or larger dogs should receive the same medicine in doses proportionate to their weight. Feed raw eggs, pure sweet milk, fresh beef finely chopped, cooked vegetables, beef broth, etc. Do not feed too large a quantity at any one time.

LUNG FEVER

(_Congestion of the Lungs—Pneumonia_)

CAUSE.—Frequently occurs when dogs are accustomed to warm, comfortable quarters, then exposed to cold, drafty kennels during cold weather. In fact, any sudden chilling of the body is a common cause of lung disorders. Giving fat dogs too much exercise when they are not accustomed to it is frequently the cause of engorgement and inflammation of the soft spongy tissue of the lungs. Excessive exercise or running during the hot summer months is apt to cause congestion of the lung tissue as well as heat stroke. Washing or dipping dogs during cold weather may chill the outer surface of the body and result in Congestion of the Lungs.

SYMPTOMS.—Lung Fever follows as a result of a bad cold, and is preceded by the symptoms of the primary disease. If due to severe exercise, the animal appears greatly exhausted, and the congestion of the lung substance is marked and may occur at this stage of the disease. Lung Fever usually begins with a chill, and is followed by a high fever. The dog lies down most of the time, and eats nothing, or very little. The breathing is hurried and fast, but when the lung becomes badly involved it is labored. The character of the pulse beat varies, depending on the extent of the inflammation and the stage of the disease. In most cases the pulse beats are full and quick during the first stage, but later, as the condition of the dog improves, more nearly normal. A very weak pulse is present in severe and fatal lung inflammation. The visible mucous membranes of the eyes and mouth have a congested appearance, and there may be a slight discharge from the nostrils, reddish in color. The expression of the face is distressed and anxious, and in severe cases, rigors and chilling of the body occur. The respiratory sounds become more or less changed from normal. The cough is at first deep and dry, later loose and moist. It may be accompanied by a hemorrhage of the lungs during the first stages of the disease. Other respiratory sounds are revealed by placing the ear to the side of the chest wall and listening. In the very early stages of lung fever, a crepitating, or crackling sound can be heard in the diseased parts; and louder sounds than normal in the healthy areas. Later, when the engorgement of the lung substance occurs, and the air cells become filled by the inflammatory exudation, the respiratory sounds are deadened. On returning to the normal, rattling sounds occur. These signs aid greatly in determining the dog’s condition. The chance for recovery depends on the extent and acuteness of the disease. Careless handling, exercise, etc., lessens the chance for a favorable termination in this disease, and good nursing helps more in bringing about a recovery than the medical treatment. The chances are more unfavorable in fat dogs than in lean ones, as the inflammation is usually more severe in the former. The course of the disease is from one to three weeks, and it may become chronic if the irritation is kept up. In such cases, unthriftiness is a prominent sign.

TREATMENT.—Preventive treatment in Lung Fever must not be overlooked. Briefly, it consists in avoiding such conditions as may predispose the dog to the disease, or act in any way as an exciting cause. Careful nursing is a very important part of the treatment. The dog should be given a clean, comfortable, well ventilated kennel, and kept as quiet as possible. To keep the bowels from becoming constipated, give one-half to one ounce of Castor Oil daily. Feed raw eggs, pure fresh milk, beef broth, etc. In severe cold weather, the dog must not be permitted to chill or take more cold. Cover him with a blanket, or use artificial heat. As one attack predisposes a dog to the second, he should be protected from severe cold, or the other extreme, heat, for a few weeks after making a complete recovery. It is advisable to apply strong stimulating liniments over the lungs, as Aqua Ammonia Fort., one ounce; Oil of Turpentine, one ounce; Sweet Oil, two ounces. Shake well and apply once daily.

I have found the following prescription very beneficial in the treatment of Lung Fever, as it regulates the heart action, lowers the temperature and stimulates the body in general: Tincture Digitalis, one dram; Tincture Nux Vomica, one dram; Nitrous Ether, two drams; Liq. Ammonia Acet., four drams; water, quantity sufficient to make four ounces. Give one teaspoonful every two or three hours.

All drugs prescribed in the above treatment are based on a dog weighing forty pounds. Larger or smaller dogs should receive the same medicine but in doses proportionate to their weight.

MAMMITIS

(_Garget, or Inflammation of the Udder_)

CAUSE.—Inflammation of the Udder commonly occurs in heavy milkers, and is caused by all the milk not being removed. Sometimes it occurs as the result of the milk accumulating in the udder when the bitch has lost part of her litter. Other causes are obstructed teats, injuries to the glandular tissues, and infection from germs. Congestion and inflammation of the udder frequently follow difficult birth.

TREATMENT.—Milk the bitch three or four times a day. This will usually relieve the congestion. A physic of Castor Oil, one or two ounces, should be given and the animal fed on easily digested food, as boiled vegetables, fresh raw beef finely chopped, pure sweet milk, etc. The udder should be massaged gently with the fingers, and the following ointment applied: Gum Camphor, one dram; Fluid Extracts of Belladonna, one dram; Lanolin, three ounces. Mix and apply two or three times daily. Fomentations of hot water are beneficial in the majority of cases. If the appetite is deprived, administer Nitrate of Potash, two drams; Pulv. Nux Vomica, one dram; Pulv. Gentian Root, one dram. Mix and make into twenty-four capsules and give one capsule three times daily before feeding. This dose is based on a dog weighing forty pounds. Smaller or larger dogs should receive the same medicine, but in doses proportionate to their weight.

MANGE

CAUSE.—This skin eruption is produced by the Sarcoptes Scabi. There are two other forms of parasites that produce Mange, but they are so rarely found that we need not mention them. Insanitary conditions favor their production. A dog in a poor condition, with a dirty skin, etc., is more liable to be attacked than dogs in good condition and with clean skins. It may be communicated in various ways, through kennels, brushes, collars, etc.

SYMPTOMS.—Are generally very plain. It usually attacks the back, about the root of the tail, and extends to the head and neck, spreading quickly. The scabs do not pile up as they do on other large animals, because the dogs, on account of the intense itching, continually rub and scratch themselves so that only thin scabs can form. The affected skin becomes denude of hair, the dog becomes thin, emaciated, etc. The parasites can be seen with an ordinary magnifying glass, or if the small scabs be scraped off and placed on a dark paper in the warm sun, you can readily see small, white objects moving about. Eczema usually attacks the belly, etc., while true Sarcoptic Mange attacks the back and then spreads.

TREATMENT.—Feed soft, laxative food and give one to two ounces of Castor Oil; also provide clean, dry sleeping quarters. I have found the following remedy very successful in the treatment of Mange: Oil of Tar, one-half ounce; Vinice Turpentine, two ounces; Sublime Sulphur, one pound; Crude Petrolatum, one quart. Apply once a day. A few applications are generally sufficient to effect a cure. Great care should be exercised, as this disease is very contagious, and communicated to other dogs.

PLEURISY

CAUSE.—The common cause, perhaps, is a sudden chilling of the body; cold, damp, chilly weather and damp, drafty kennels are favorable conditions to cause chilling of the body and the rheumatic form of Pleurisy. Germs may also produce it. It is commonly met with in specific diseases, as Distemper, etc.

SYMPTOMS.—Chilling and high temperature, two to four degrees above normal, the dog generally refuses to eat, and acts dull. Pain is a noticeable sign, and when the sides of the chest are pressed with the hand the dog will flinch; this is very noticeable during the early stage of the inflammation, and may cause a dog to act restless. When breathing the ribs are always held rigid. The breathing movements are mostly in the muscles of the flanks, the dog getting his breath in short jerks. Later, when fluids collect in the chest cavity, the breathing is more labored, and all of the abdominal muscles are used. On absorption of this fluid, the movements of the lungs may again become jerky in case the inflammation becomes chronic. The character of the pulse beats varies, and in some cases is very weak. In the early stage of the disease, friction sounds, caused by the dry inflamed membranes rubbing against each other, are detected on placing the ear against the chest walls. Later, the collection of fluids around the lungs may deaden all lung sounds, especially towards the lower part of the chest. In a mild case of Pleurisy, the inflammation is localized to just part of the lungs, or pleura. A lameness in both front limbs and stiffness in moving about are the most noticeable signs in this form of disease. In Chronic Pleurisy a dog is usually very weak and depressed. He is seen frequently lying on his side, and shows great difficulty in walking. The course of Acute Pleurisy is from six to eighteen days; the chronic form may run a course of two or three months, or longer. This form is unsatisfactorily treated, and the dog eventually dies.

TREATMENT.—Place the dog in clean, warm, comfortable surroundings; fresh air is very beneficial, but omit any drafts. Internally, administer the following: Quinine Sulphate, two drams; Potassium Iodide, two drams; Carbonate of Ammonia, one dram; Potassium Nitrate, four drams. Mix and make into thirty-two capsules. Give one capsule every three or four hours. This dose is based on a dog weighing forty pounds; to smaller or larger dogs give the same medicine, but in doses proportionate to their weight. Feed the dog raw eggs, pure fresh milk, cooked vegetables, finely chopped beef or beef broth, and in some cases I believe it is very beneficial to give the dog small doses of brandy. Over the lungs apply the following liniment: Aqua Ammonia Fort., one ounce; Oil of Turpentine, one ounce; Sweet Oil, two ounces. Shake well and apply like a shampoo once daily.

PILES

(_Prolapse of the Rectum_)

CAUSE.—Overfeeding with too stimulating food, deficiency in exercise, constipation, causing straining; consequently, Piles frequently follows. This condition sometimes occurs in weak, debilitated dogs, due to a relaxed condition of the intestines.

SYMPTOMS.—In some cases only a portion of the rectal mucous membrane protrudes outside of the anus. In the more severe cases red, bleeding tumors will be present. After being exposed for a time, it becomes enormously swollen and dark in color, and finally dries and cracks on its surface. The protruded part itches intensely, and the dog rubs and injures the intestine trying to relieve the irritation. Usually the appetite falls off, and the dog is restless if not relieved.

TREATMENT.—When the dog is constipated, as is usually the case it should be given a laxative, such as one to three ounces of Castor Oil, and fed on food that is loosening to the bowels. The protruded rectal mucous membrane should be washed with warm water containing five per cent Carbolic Acid until clean; then replace. If badly swollen and inflamed, astringent wash should be used, made from Water and Powdered Alum five per cent. The protrusion can be returned by gentle pressure of the fingers. In case the protruded rectum shows signs of sloughing, it should be cut off and the cut edges of the rectum stitched to the edges of the anus.

RABIES

(_Mad Dog_)

CAUSE.—Rabies is produced by a specific micro-organism that is known to exist in the brain, spinal cord and the saliva of affected animals. This disease is communicated from one animal to another by inoculation, usually by the bite of a rabied dog, or the saliva entering a wound or abrasion. Wild animals, as well as domesticated, no doubt spread the disease by biting, but it is a fact that dogs are inclined to bite, and have a good opportunity to attack people, and hence are considered the principal factor in the spread of the disease.

SYMPTOMS.—Are characterized by two forms of Rabies: Furious and Dumb. In Furious Rabies, the general habits of the dogs are changed. They become very restless, excited, and frequently are more affectionate than usual, licking the hands or face, soliciting sympathy and help. This form of Rabies is extremely dangerous, for the dog’s tongue is covered with saliva containing micro-organisms which, coming in contact with thin skin, wounds or abrasions, may inoculate the person to whom the dog is attempting to prove its fondness, etc. This form of inoculation is not uncommon. Usually, the dog becomes dull, melancholy, etc., seeking some cool, dark and quiet place. The eyes at times are fixed, or are rolled about, and there is an abundant secretion of saliva, which dribbles from the mouth. It frequently gnaws wood, especially if tied or locked up, and makes a desperate effort to get away. It also swallows indigestible objects, and attempts to bite its master, mistress and animals. Paralysis soon develops, and the dog has difficulty in swallowing, and is unable to move about.

DUMB RABIES.—This form of Rabies is accompanied by depression and a tendency to lick objects. Paralysis of the muscles that close the mouth causes the jaw to drop or hang down. The dog is unable to bite and, owing to the relaxed conditions of the mouth, he cannot close it. The tongue hangs out, and stringy saliva escapes. The dog may attempt to bite even though the muscles that close the mouth are paralyzed. The duration of the disease is short; paralysis develops early in the attack, and death usually occurs in from two to four days.

TREATMENT.—Prevention. All vagrant dogs should be exterminated, and all dogs that appear in public highways, streets or public places should be muzzled. This precaution has practically eradicated the disease in Europe. Medical treatment is useless after the first appearance of the symptoms. However, a wound infected by Rabies should be immediately cauterized, or even completely cut away, care being taken to cut entirely around the wound in the healthy flesh. For cauterizing the wound, use Nitric Acid or a hot iron. Sometimes a ten per cent solution of Zinc Chloride is used, and perhaps it is the most successful. To afford absolute protection, this should be done within a few minutes after being bitten. However, treatment even as late as a few hours has been known to suppress the development of the disease. Pasteur has originated a virus which is used with great success, and any person bitten by a dog suspected of Rabies should be submitted to Pasteur’s treatment.

RHEUMATISM

(_Articular and Muscular_)

CAUSE.—This disease is generally attributed to cold, damp, filthy, ill-ventilated kennels, and exposure, but it may occur in dogs that are well cared for. Overfeeding is also liable to produce it. The most frequent forms of Rheumatism in dogs are Lumbago, Chest Founder, or Kennel Lameness.

SYMPTOMS.—The symptoms are quite marked. These are severe loss of appetite, lameness and general lack of condition. Sometimes large swellings appear in the region of the hock, knee, and joints of the feet. The muscles of the back are held stiff and arched, the muscles are tender and sensitive when pressed, and the dog may be unable to move his hind parts. Other cases may show a serious train of symptoms. A bitch that has raised a litter of pups, when in poor flesh, is often affected with this disease. A lameness of one or more of the limbs that shows a tendency to shift about is the only sign noticed in the mild form of the disease. Stiffness of the joints is noticed, especially if the quarters are affected, and the dog lies around a good share of the time and refuses to go far for its food. In Acute Rheumatism, the pain in the affected muscles and joints is intense, and when these parts are handled, or the joints moved, the dog will whine from the pain produced. When lying down, asleep, sudden contractions of the muscles may be noticed. This is due to the pain resulting from the relaxing of the muscles. This disease may pursue a long course; the joints become greatly enlarged, and the dog grows very thin and weak. In such cases, a complete recovery seldom follows.

TREATMENT.—Prevention is very important, such as providing dry, comfortable quarters, and the avoidance of exposure. Unless this is practiced, but little can be obtained from medical treatment. A soft laxative diet is also indicated: Salicylate Soda, three drams; Quinine Sulphate, one dram. Make into twenty capsules and give one capsule every three or four hours. When the bowels are constipated, give two or three ounces of Castor Oil. The above doses are based on a dog weighing forty pounds. Smaller or larger dogs should receive the same medicine but proportionately to their weight. It is advisable, in cases where the limbs are badly swollen, to apply liniments, and I would recommend the following: Aqua Ammonia Fort., two ounces; Oil of Turpentine, two ounces; Sweet Oil, four ounces. Shake and rub on the affected parts once or twice daily.

RICKETS

CAUSE.—Perhaps the most common cause of this disease is a faulty diet, as food that is deficient in inorganic matter. Unless supplemented by milk or other foods containing lime salt, the bones are not supplied with the necessary elements; lack of exercise, ill-ventilated, filthy kennels, etc., help in causing the disease. A tendency towards Rickets in pups is no doubt hereditary.

SYMPTOMS.—The dog is usually in good condition at the beginning of the disease. Large, well grown pups may suddenly develop symptoms of paralysis of the hind parts. The weakened condition of the thigh bone, not being able to support the dog’s weight, fractures. At other times there is a weakness and bending of bones in the limbs, breaking down of the feet, bending or arching of the back, straddling gait, deformed or disfigured condition of the face or nose.

TREATMENT.—Rickets can be prevented by careful feeding on suitable foods and keeping the dog clean in well ventilated kennels, where he can get plenty of exercise. Whenever a litter of several pups show symptoms of the disease, the character of the food should be looked into, and if faulty corrected by adding to it medicines or food containing required elements. It is hardly practical to use medical treatment other than bitter tonics. Unless the disease is in an advanced stage, it can usually be controlled by careful feeding of a ration rich in inorganic substances, as bone dust, lime water, and crushed egg shells, with a view of supplying calcareous matter to the system. This can be fed to the bitch nursing the pups or, if the pups are weaned, feed them carefully.

RINGWORM

CAUSE.—Dogs may become infected with Ringworm by coming in contact with infected dogs, or by being shipped in crates or boxes in which infected dogs have recently been transported, or by using blankets, brushes, collars, etc., which have been recently used by infected dogs.

SYMPTOMS.—Small red spots first appear on the skin, gradually enlarging, and are covered with a thin, grayish scale, under which is found a serum. The hair falls out as a result of the infection of the skin by the parasite. The outside of the affected patches is red, while the inner portion takes on a grayish-white color, giving it a ring appearance. This condition is followed by severe itching; the dog rubs and scratches severely.

TREATMENT.—The most effective drug is Tincture of Iodine, applied once daily with a brush. Great care must be exercised, as this disease may be transmitted to man, and to all domestic animals. Sanitary surroundings and good, clean food, that is easily digested, assists materially in eradicating the parasites.

ROUNDWORMS

(_Maw Worms_)

This worm is commonly seen infesting the intestines of puppies. The body is generally white in color and slightly curved at the head. This worm has a stiff, wiry appearance, and measures from one to three and one-half inches in length.

SYMPTOMS.—Puppies are more susceptible to these worms, although we find them in aged dogs. About fifty per cent of the dogs are infested with these worms. They cause irritation of the intestines, irregularity of digestion, diarrhoea, colic, nervousness, constipation, irregular appetite and a rough, dry, unthrifty appearance of the hair and skin, and the dog becomes emaciated. After this worm migrates into the stomach, it causes nausea and vomiting, occasionally the bowels are filled with large masses of these worms, and their passage aids in determining the cause of the dog’s debility.

TREATMENT.—Withhold all food from eighteen to twenty-four hours and administer Thymol, one grain; Santonin, three grains; Calomel, two grains. Mix and place in capsule and give in one dose to a dog weighing fifty pounds. Smaller or larger dogs should receive the same prescription, but in doses proportionate to their weight.

SORE THROAT

(_Pharyngitis—Laryngitis_)

CAUSE.—Sore Throat is frequently complicated by a cold. Sometimes it is produced by inhaling irritating gases, or administering irritating medicine. Injuries from sharp pointed sticks, eating sharp bones, etc.

SYMPTOMS.—It is more or less severe. The eyes are red and watery, and the dog is dull and lies around most of the time. The appetite is poor and, because of the pain and difficulty in swallowing, the dog may refuse food. The pain in the throat is sometimes severe, and causes the dog to move about in a restless manner. The character of the cough depends on the part inflamed. When the larynx (opening of the windpipe) is involved, the cough is usually hoarse and the breathing noisy and labored, as the opening is more or less closed by the inflammation. At other times it is dry and, when the dog moves about, or the parts are irritated by dust, cold air, etc., coughing spells usually follow. The throat may be swollen so as to be noticeable from the outside. Simple Sore Throat is not a serious affection, and lasts but a short time. The symptoms may be so mild as to escape observation; however, if the conditions are favorable, it may re-occur and assume a severe form or become chronic.

TREATMENT.—Place the dog in clean, warm, well ventilated quarters and feed soft food that is easily digested, as hot milk, boiled rice, etc., and administer the following: Potassium Chlorate, one dram; Liq. Ammonia Acet., three ounces; Vini Ipecac, two drams; Tincture Camph. Co., one-half ounce; Aqua Chloroform, quantity sufficient to make six ounces. Give one teaspoonful every four hours. This dose is based on a dog weighing forty pounds. To smaller or larger dogs give doses in proportion to their weight. When the throat becomes badly swollen, apply a liniment made from equal parts of Aqua Ammonia Fort., Turpentine and Sweet Oil. Apply over the throat and rub in briskly.

TAPEWORM

(_Tenia Marginata_)

CAUSE.—A dog eating raw flesh of sheep or cattle infested with the larva of the Tapeworm or Gid, Sturdy, or Water Balls. (See Gid in Sheep.)

SYMPTOMS.—Tapeworms in dogs are numerous. It must be borne in mind that an animal is not free from them until the Tapeworm’s head, apparently the most insignificant part, has passed from the intestines. So long as the head remains attached to the wall of the bowels by its hooklets it will develop fresh eggs, producing segments which are passed and prove the means of scattering the parasites. A dog infected with Tapeworm, as a rule, is liable to reflex paralysis, coughing and convulsions from the irritation caused by its presence in the bowels, depraved appetite, unthriftiness, a rough, unhealthy condition of the skin, loss of hair, anemia, irregularity of the bowels, and the feces offensive and slimy. There is generally a certain amount of irritation of the anus, which renders the dog fond of licking those parts or dragging them along on the ground. Tapeworms frequently cause vomiting, and I have seen portions of Tapeworms expelled in this way. In other cases there may be diarrhoea and obstinate indigestion may be traced to the presence of Tapeworms.

TREATMENT.—Withhold all food for twenty-four hours and administer Extract of Mail Fern, two drams; Pulv. Areca Nut, one dram. Mix in two tablespoonfuls of syrup and give at one dose. Follow this treatment in about two hours with one to two ounces of Castor Oil. This treatment should be repeated in a week or ten days. These doses are based on a dog weighing forty pounds. Smaller or larger dogs should receive the same medicine, but in doses proportionate to their weight.

VOMITION

CAUSE.—This is a symptom which shows itself in almost any disease to which the dog is subject, so extensive are the reflex influences which follow disease in a dog. This process of Vomiting can be brought about in the dog by means of many medicines, and the good effect of emetics is appreciable even to the most casual observer. This class of medicines has been much abused by those caring for sick dogs, emetics being given for any and every disease. They sometimes free the stomach of irritants and poisons which cause disease and poisoning, but their use requires care and judgment.

SYMPTOMS.—The dog shows very marked symptoms of pain, but usually the first signs exhibited are those of a sense of discomfort. The dog moans in his sleep, wakes suddenly, curls himself up and goes to sleep again. This continues until at last the vomiting is too urgent to allow rest. The dog utters sharp, shrill, continuous cries, tries all sorts of positions to get itself at ease, and walks about with the back arched. There may be distention of the abdomen, due to the gases generated in the bowels from the fermentation of their contents. Colicky symptoms frequently accompany vomiting, due to the spasmodic contractions of the stomach relieving itself of some irritant.

TREATMENT.—Knowing that the causes operating in the production of Vomiting are so numerous, it will be easily understood that the treatment must be equally variable. If due to the torpidity of the liver, give Calomel, one to two grains. When worms are suspected, give worm treatment recommended under the heading of Worms. When due to poisoning, give milk and raw eggs. In case it is due to faulty digestion, or where a dog is recovering from some debilitating disease, give one-fourth to one-half teaspoonful of Baking Soda in a gelatin capsule two or three times a day. The following prescription is recommended when all suspected irritants are removed from the stomach: Diluted Prussic Acid (B. P.), twelve drops; Bismuth Nitrate, one dram; Lime Water, four ounces. Mix and give one tablespoonful three times daily. This dose is based on a dog weighing fifty pounds. Smaller or larger dogs should receive the same prescription, but in doses proportionate to their weight. This medicine should be administered with great precaution, as it is very poisonous when used in larger doses, or given at shorter intervals than above recommended.

WOUNDS

A wound is a disruption of the soft parts of the body due to external violence. Wounds are of various kinds, as incised, lacerated, punctured, gunshot and poisonous.

TREATMENT.—If a wound is extensive, and bleeding is present, first arrest it, and the most satisfactory method is as follows: Tie the artery from which the blood is escaping, or twist with forceps, cauterize with hot iron, compress by bandaging tightly and apply Tincture of Chloride of Iron. This coagulates the blood, and is very effective. One important factor in treating wounds is to attend to the drainage, as decomposed matter absorbed into the blood produces blood poisoning. Dogs lick wounds and keep them clean, therefore it is hardly necessary to apply medicine.

SEWING WOUNDS.—I cannot recommend sewing except in cases of incised or clean-cut wounds. After clipping the hair from around the incision, and washing it thoroughly with a one in one-thousandth solution of Bichloride, stitch with cat-gut or absorbent silk suture. In case of deep, punctured or gunshot wounds, with a syringe wash out the wounds, using a one in one-thousandth Bichloride solution. For open wounds, use dusting powders, as Iodoform, Boracic Acid, etc.

To keep flies from annoying a wounded dog, apply the following prescription: Oil of Origanum, one ounce; Oil of Turpentine, one ounce; Sweet Oil, one ounce. Apply to and around the wound with a feather. This is also a good healing liniment as well as a fly repellent.

INDEX

Swine

Abortion, 7

Administration of Medicine to Hogs, 7

Anus, Prolapse, 23

Bag Inflammation, 8

Black Tooth, 8

Blood Poisoning, 9

Bronchitis, 10

Castration, 10

Catarrh, Nasal, 12

Choking, 11

Cholera, 13

Cold in the Head, 12

Congestion of the Kidneys, 16

Diarrhoea in Young Pigs, 12

Heat Stroke, 31

Hind Quarter Paralysis, 22

Hog Cholera, 13

Hog Lice, 18

Hog Regulator and Tonic, 6

Indigestion, 15

Inflammation of the Bag, 8

Inflammation of the Lungs, 18

Inguinal Rupture, 28

Jaundice, 16

Kidney Congestion, 16

Kidney Worm, 17

Lice on Hogs, 18

Location of Parts of Swine, 6

Lung Fever, 18

Lung Inflammation, 18

Lung Worms, 19

Mange, 20

Nasal Catarrh, 12

Naval Rupture, 20

Nettle Rash, 21

Paralysis of the Hind Quarters, 22

Pig Eating, 30

Piles, 23

Pin Worm, 24

Pleurisy, 25

Prolapse of the Anus, 23

Pyemia, 9

Rheumatism, 26

Rickets, 26

Round Worms, 27

Rupture, Inguinal, 28

Rupture, Naval, 20

Rupture, Scrotal, 28

Scours in Young Pigs, 12

Scrotal Rupture, 28

Septicemia, 9

Sore Feet, 29

Sore Mouth, 30

Sows Eating Their Young, 30

Sun Stroke, 31

Swine Fever, 13

Thorn-Headed Worms, 32

Thumps, 32

Umbilical Rupture, 20

Urticaira, 21

Whip Worm, 33

Worm in the Kidney, 17

Worm, Lung, 19

Worm, Pin, 24

Worm, Round, 27

Worm, Thorn-Headed, 32

Worm, Whip, 33

Yellows, 16

Sheep

Abortion, 37

Acute Indigestion, 46

Acute Tympanitis, 46

Black Scours, 38

Bloating, 46

Bronchitis, Verminous, 54

Catarrh, 39

Cold in the Head, 39

Congestion of the Liver, 50

Congestion of the Lungs, 52

Congestion of the Udder, 43

Diarrhoea, 40

Dyspepsia, 48

Dysentery, 40

Fluke in the Liver, 51

Foot Rot, 41

Forage Poisoning, 42

Foul in the Foot, 41

Garget, 43

Gid, 44

Grubs in the Head, 45

Head Grubs, 45

Head Maggot, 45

Hoven, 46

Indigestion, 48

Indigestion, Acute, 46

Inflammation of the Liver, 50

Inflammation of the Udder, 43

Jaundice, 50

Lamb Disease, 54

Liver Congestion, 50

Liver Inflammation, 50

Liver Fluke, 51

Location of Parts of Sheep, 35

Louse Fly, 57

Lung Fever, 52

Lung Worms, 54

Mange, 55

Pneumonia, 52

Poisoning on Forage, 42

Pulmonary Apoplexy, 52

Scab, 55

Scours, Black, 38

Strongylosis, 38

Sturdy, 44

Tick, 57

Tympanitis, Acute, 46

Udder Congestion, 43

Udder Inflammation, 43

Verminous Bronchitis, 54

Verminous Gastritis, 38

Worm, Lung, 54

Fowl

Abortion, 76

Abscesses, 65

Air Sac Mite, 61

Aphtha, 79

Apoplexy, 62

Ascites, 72

Baldness, 62

Beak Obstruction, 63

Blackhead, 63

Body Lice, 64

Body Scabies, 76

Brain Hemorrhage, 62

Bronchitis, 64

Bronchitis, Tracheo Verminous, 74

Bruises, Deep, 65

Bumble Foot, 65

Catarrh, 66

Catarrh, Gastro-Intestinal, 70

Catarrh of the Crop, 69

Chicken Pox, 66

Cholera, Fowl, 80

Congestion of the Liver, 67

Congestion of the Lungs, 68

Constipation, 68

Corns, 65

Crop Catarrh, 69

Crop Inflammation, 69

Crop Impaction, 69

Crop Obstruction, 69

Crop Paralysis, 69

Diarrhoea, 70

Diarrhoea, White, 80

Diphtheretic Roup, 71

Diphtheria, 71

Double-Yolk Eggs, 72

Dropsy, 72

Eating Eggs, 73

Eating Feathers, 74

Egg Bound, 73

Egg Eating, 73

Egg, Incomplete, 76

Eggs with Double Yolks, 72

Eggs without Shells, 73

Eggs with Soft Shells, 73

Enteritis, 70

Favus, 62

Feather Eating, 74

Feather Pulling, 74

Feeding Young Poultry, 75

Fowl Cholera, 80

Gapes, 74

Gastro-Intestinal Catarrh, 70

Gleet, Vent, 80

Gout, 78

Head Lice, 75

Hemorrhage of the Brain, 62

How to Feed Young Poultry 75

Impaction of the Crop, 69

Incomplete Egg, 76

Infectious Entero Hepatitis of Turkeys, 63

Inflammation of the Crop, 69

Inflammation of the Mouth, 77

Intestinal Obstruction, 68

Intestinal Catarrh, 70

Jaundice, 76

Leg Weakness, 78

Lice, Body, 64

Lice, Head, 75

Liver Congestion, 67

Location of Parts of the Fowl, 59

Lung Congestion, 68

Mange, 76

Mite, Air Sac, 61

Mite, Red, 77

Mouth Inflammation, 77

Mouth Sore, 79

Obstruction of the Beak, 63

Obstruction of the Crop, 69

Obstruction of the Intestines, 86

Obstruction of the Throat, 63

Paralysis, 78

Paralysis of the Crop, 69

Pip, 77

Pox, Chicken, 66

Pulling Feathers, 74

Pulmonary Congestion, 68

Red Mite, 77

Rheumatism, 78

Roup, Diphtheretic, 71

Scabies, 78

Scabies of the Body, 76

Scaly Leg, 78

Soft Shelled Eggs, 73

Sore Head, 66

Sore Mouth, 79

Throat Obstruction, 63

Thrush, 79

Tuberculosis, 79

Turkey (Blackhead), 63

Vent Gleet, 80

Verminous Tracheo Bronchitis, 74

Warts, 66

Weakness of the Legs, 78

White Diarrhoea, 80

Worms, 82

Dog

Abscesses of the Ear, 85

Apoplexy, 86

Articular Rheumatism, 112

Asthma, 86

Barrenness, 87

Bone Fractures, 100

Brain Congestion, 86

Bronchitis, 88

Bronchocele, 101

Burns, 89

Canker of the Ear, 90

Catarrh, 90

Cold in the Head, 90

Colic, 92

Congestion of the Brain, 86

Congestion of the Liver, 103

Congestion of the Lungs, 104

Conjunctivitis, 98

Constipation, 93

Chorea, 91

Diarrhoea, 94

Distemper, 95

Dysentery, 94

Dyspepsia, 102

Ear Abscesses, 85

Ear Canker, 90

Eczema, 97

Epilepsy, 98

Eye Injuries, 98

Fits, 98

Fractures, 100

Garget, 107

Goiter, 101

Haematoma, 85

Indigestion, 102

Inflammation of the Udder, 107

Injuries to the Eye, 98

Jaundice, 103

Laryngitis, 116

Liver Congestion, 103

Location of Parts of Dog, 83

Lung Fever, 104

Mad Dog, 111

Mammitis, 107

Mange, 107

Maw Worm, 115

Muscular Rheumatism, 112

Pharyngitis, 116

Piles, 110

Pleurisy, 108

Pneumonia, 104

Prolapse of the Rectum, 110

Rabies, 111

Rheumatism, 112

Rickets, 114

Ring Worm, 115

Round Worm, 115

Scalds, 89

Sore Throat, 116

St. Vitus Dance, 91

Surfeit, 97

Tapeworm, 117

Tenia Marginata, 117

Udder Inflammation, 107

Vomition, 118

Worm, Maw, 115

Worm, Tape, 117

Wounds, 119