Part 5
_Derivation of "Martinique"_ (Vol. v., p. 11.).--M. de Magnard, in the opening chapter of his novel of _Outre-mer_, says the name of "Martinique" is derived from that which the island had received from the Caribs:
"Ce nom de 'Martinique' dérive par corruption de l'ancien nom sauvage et indigène, _Matinina_."
HENRY H. BREEN.
St. Lucia.
_Bigot_ (Vol. v., p. 277.).--I beg to direct attention to the subjoined extract from Mr. Trench's _Lectures on the Study of Words_, a most able and interesting little work:
"'Bigot' is another word widely spread over Europe, of which I am inclined to think that we should look for the derivation where it is not generally sought, and here too we must turn to Spain for the explanation. It has much perplexed inquirers, and two explanations of it are current; one of which traces it up to the early Normans, while they yet retained their northern tongue, and to their often adjuration by the name of God, with sometimes reference to a famous scene in French history, in which Rollo, Duke of Normandy, played a conspicuous part; the other puts it in connexion with 'Beguines,' often called in Latin 'Beguttæ,' a name by which certain communities of pietest women were known in the Middle Ages. Yet I cannot but think it probable, that rather than to either of these sources, we owe the word to that mighty impression which the Spaniards began to make upon all Europe in the fifteenth century, and made for a long time after. Now the word 'bigote' means in Spanish 'mustachio;' and, as contrasted with the smooth or nearly smooth upper lip of most other people, at that time the Spaniards were the 'men of the mustachio.' That it was their characteristic feature comes out in Shakspeare's _Love's Labour's Lost_, where Armado, the 'fantastical Spaniard,' describes the king, 'his familiar, as sometimes being pleased to lean on his poor shoulder, and dally with his mustachio.' [Act V. Sc. 1.] That they themselves connected firmness and resolution with the mustachio, that it was esteemed the outward symbol of these, is plain from such phrases as 'hombre de bigote,' a man of resolution; 'tener bigotes,' to stand firm. But that in which they eminently displayed their firmness and resolution in those days, was their adherence to whatever the Roman See required and taught. What then more natural, or more entirely according to the law of the generation of names, than that this striking and distinguishing outward feature of the Spaniard should have been laid hold of to express that character and condition which eminently were his, and then transferred to all others who shared the same? The mustachio is, in like manner, in France a symbol of military courage; and thus 'un vieux moustache,' is an old soldier of courage and military bearing. And strengthening this view, the earliest use of the word which Richardson gives, is a passage from Bishop Hall, where 'bigot' is used to signify a pervert to Romanism: 'he was turned both _bigot_ and physician.' In further proof that the Spaniard was in those times the standing representative of the bigot and the persecutor, we need but turn to the older editions of Fox's _Book of Martyrs_, where the Pagan persecutors of the early Christians are usually arrayed in the armour of Spanish soldiers, and sometimes graced with tremendous 'bigotes.'"
2nd edit. 80-82.
Mr. Trench's derivation of _bigot_ is, I think, very preferable to those you cite.
C. H. COOPER.
_Davies Queries_ (Vol. iv., p. 256.).--LLAW GYFFES asks for a correct description of the monument erected to Sir John Davys, Davis, or Davies, in St. Martin's church. Perhaps the following will answer his purpose: it is extracted from one of a series of MS. volumes in my possession, in the autograph of John Le Neve:--
"On the 3rd pillar, on the south range, a plain white marble monument, in memory of Sir _John Davis_, Knight. Inscrip.:
"D. O. M. S. Johannes Davys, Equestris Ordinis, quondam attornati Regii Generalis amplissima Provincia regno Hib. functus. Inde in patriam revocatus inter Servientes Domini Regis ad Regem primum locum sustinuit, ob. 1626.
"Accubat Dignissimo Marito incomparabilis Uxorque illustre genus et generi pares animos, Christiana Mansuetudine temperavit, Erudita supra sexum mitis infra sortem, plurimis major, quia humilior, in eximia forma sublime ingenium, in venusta Comitate, singularem modestiam, in Foemineo Corpore virales spiritus, in Rebus adversissimis serenam mentem, in Impio seculo Pietatem et Rectitudinem inconcussa possedit.
"Non illi Robustam animam ad res lauta laxavit, aut Angusta contraxit, sed utramq; sortem pari animoq; non excepit modo sed rexit. Quippe Dei plena cui plenitudini mundus, nec benig. addere nec malignus detrahere potuisset.
"Talis Deum jamdudum spirans et sursum aspirans, sui ante et Reip. fata præsaga, salutisq; Æterna certissima, ingenti lætoq; ardore in Servatoris dilectissimi sinum ipsius sanguine totam animam efflavit, rebus humanis exempta, immortalitate induit 3 nonas Quintilis, _An. Kal._ 1652.
"Arms; on a Lozenge; Argent a Heart Gules, on a Chief Sable 3 Mullets.
"Also at the bottom of the Monument, Sable a Fess Ermin between 3 Cinquefoils Argent."
EDWARD F. RIMBAULT.
_Fawsley, Heraldic Atchievement_ (Vol. v., p. 297.).--See Baker's _Northamptonshire_, vol. i. p. 385-6., where the shield of the knightly quarterings is noticed in describing the Manor house.
r.
_Old Scots March_ (Vol. v., pp. 104. 235.).--Your correspondent E. N., after quoting a passage from Mr. Tytler's _Dissertation on Scottish Music_, says he has "never yet been able to meet with any of the _ports_ here referred to." I have the pleasure to inform him that several curious ancient _ports_ have been preserved, and may be found in the _Skene MS._, and in _Gordon of Straloch's Lute Book_.
_Port_, in Gaelic, signifies an air, either sung or played upon an instrument. Mr. Tytler correctly describes this species of composition as of the plaintive strain, and _modulated for the harp_. All the existing specimens answer to this character.
The _Ports_ which are contained in the above-named MSS., are named as follows: "Rory Dall's Port," "Port Ballangowne," "Jean Lindsay's Port," &c.
It may be necessary to say, that these tunes are written in an obsolete notation called _tablature_. Translations, however, are in my possession, and if E. N. wishes for copies, he is quite welcome to have them if he will favour me with a communication.
EDWARD F. RIMBAULT.
29. St. Mark's Crescent, Regent's Park.
_Periwinkle_ (Vol. i., p. 77.).--The following note, from Withering's _Arrangement of British Plants_, vol. ii. p. 341. ed. 1830, will perhaps be acceptable to MELANION:--
"VINCA. PERIWINKLE. (From _vincio_, to bind; its runners trailing round other plants. Or to those who prefer a more interesting association, we would intimate that of such was formed in ancient times the bridal zone, which none but the bridegroom was privileged to untie. In modern Italy it is said to be appropriated to a far different usage, that of enwreathing deceased infants; and is hence called _Fior di Morto_.--E.)"
W. R. DEERE SALMON.
_Erasmus' Paraphrase_ (Vol. i., p. 172.).--If it be allowable to answer one's own Query, and not too late to go back to Vol. i., I should like to notice that the fragment therein referred to corresponds, as far as it goes, with an edition "Empriented in Flete Strete the last daie of Januarie, Anno Domini, 1548," by Edward Whitchurch, and is no doubt part of that edition. In the Churchwardens' Accounts for this parish it is thus mentioned:
"1589. It[=m], pd. to Mr Vicar w'ch he layde downe for ye Englyshe Paraphrase of Erasmus ijs.
"It[=m], chaynes for two bookes xijd.
"It[=m], spent at chayninge ye same ijd."
J. EASTWOOD.
Ecclesfield Hall.
"_Black Gowns and Red Coats_" (Vol. v., p. 297.).--I am not aware that it was ever any secret, or, at any rate, that there is any occasion to make it so now, that the satire _Black Gowns and Red Coats_ was the production of George Cox, M.A., and Fellow of New College, Oxford; neither did I ever hear of its suppression. The satire is certainly somewhat severe; but even those who fell under its lash could scarcely deny its great ability, or the high poetical talent which it evinced. Such as knew the marvellous promise of his youth can never cease to lament that it pleased God to bring the author's life to a premature and unhappy close.
I have a copy of the little book, which I would gladly _lend_ to any one making a proper application through the publisher.
C. W. B.
_Arms of Manchester_ (Vol. v., p. 59.).--The arms of Manchester (gules 3 hindlets enhanced or) are those attributed to the family of Grelle, De Greslet, or Grelly, feudal Barons of Manchester under the Normans. The town has used them for years; long before the charter of incorporation.
P. P.
_Sir Thomas Frowyk_ (Vol. v., p. 295.).--Thomas Frowyk was, in all likelihood, of a family long connected with the government of London. According to Fuller, he was born at Ealing in Middlesex, and was son of Thomas Frowyk, Esq. [if I do not greatly err he was knighted in or before the reign of Richard III.] of Gunnersbury, by the daughter and heiress of Sir John Sturgeon, knight. He was "bred in the study of our municipal law," and read on the statute Prerogative Regis (17 Edw. II. stat. 1.), but in what inn of court, or in what year, I have not seen stated. He was (with others) made serjeant-at-law, by writ tested 10th September, 1496. The feast was kept on the 16th of November following, at Ely House in Holborn, "where dined the King, Queen, and all the chief lords of England." He was afterwards one of the King's serjeants. On the 11th July, 1502, he (with Mr. Justice Fisher and Humphrey Conyngsbye, one of the King's serjeants) made an award between the University and town of Cambridge adjusting disputes between the two bodies, and defining in minute detail their respective jurisdictions. On the 30th September, 1502, he was constituted Lord Chief Justice of the Common Pleas, and was, at or about the same time, knighted. In 19 Hen. VIII. he was, by Act of Parliament, appointed one of the feoffees to the use of the King's will. He died 17th October, 1505, being, as it is said, under forty years old. He was buried, with Joan his wife, in the church of Finchley. He left a large estate to his two daughters, of whom Elah, the eldest, was married to Sir John Spelman, Justice of the King's Bench, "grandfather to Sir Henry, that renowned knight." Sir Thomas Frowyk's arms (azure a cheveron between 3 leopards' faces or) were in a window of the hall of Serjeants' Inn, Fleet Street; and the same coat (quartering Sturgeon and another) was in a window at St. Dunstan's in the West. (Fuller's _Worthies in Middlesex_; Dugdale's _Origines Juridiciales_, 47. 128. 328.; _Chronica Series_, 74. 76.; _Bibliotheca Legum Angliæ_, ii. 192.; _Excerpta Historica_, 119. 121. 123.; _Plumpton Correspondence_, 152, 153. 161. 165.; Cooper's _Annals of Cambridge_, 258. 260.; _Rotuli Parliamentorum_, vi. 522.; _Collectanea Topographica et Genealogica_, iv. 107.)
C. H. COOPER.
Cambridge.
_John Goldesborough_ (Vol. v., p. 294.).--John Goldesborough, or Goldesburgh, was born 18th October, 1568, studied at Oxford, and went thence to the Middle Temple, where he was called to the Bar. In or about 1613 he was constituted Second Prothonotary of the Common Pleas, which office he held till his death, 9th October, 1618. He was buried in the Temple Church, where there is, or was, a monumental brass to his memory, having thereon his and his wife's effigies, with an inscription in English. His Reports were printed several years after his death. (Wood's _Athenæ Oxonienses_, i. 293. 369.; Dugdale's _Origines Juridiciales_, 63. 178.; _Bibliotheca Legum Angliæ_, i. 236. 242., ii. 213.; _Reports of Deputy Keeper of Public Records, Second Report, Appendix_, ii. p. 73.; _Fourth Report, Appendix_, ii. p. 37.)
C. H. COOPER.
Cambridge.
_Corrupted Names of Places_ (Vol. v., p. 285.).--I beg to offer a few additions to mispronounced names of places:
Rampisham Dorset Ransom Beaminster Do. Bemmister Portisham Do. Possum Portishead Somerset Posset.
In Sussex the names of places ending in _ly_ are pronounced with the accent on the last syllable; _e.g._ West Hoath_ly_, Helling_ly_, &c. In Gloucestershire, a place written Newland is unexpectedly called Newlànd.
C. W. B.
My memory enables me to make the following small additions to the list of "Popular Dialects" requested by your correspondent P. M. M. The names of the towns are derived exclusively from my native county, Essex:
Spelling. Pronunciation. Bradwell Bradell Brentwood Burnt'ood Brightlingsea Bricklesea Chelmsford Chensford Coggeshall Cockshall Colchester Cou'chester Davenham Dagnum Kelvedon Kelldon Margaretting Margretten Mersy Island Masy Island Mount Nissing Money's End Toulleshunt Darcy Toussent Darcy.
M. W. B.
_Story of Ginevra_ (Vol. v., pp. 129. 209.).--Bramshall, Hants (of which there are some views in Nash's _Mansions_), claims to be connected with a Ginevra tradition, so that Rogers seems to be justified in stating that "many" old houses in this country do so.
P. P.
_Ornamental Hermits_ (Vol. v., pp. 123. 207.).--FLORENCE must be in error as to the locality of one of her hermits. There is no place called Marcham in Lancashire, nor any resident family of Powyss. The late Lord Lilford certainly married a Lancashire heiress in 1797, and became possessed of property near Warrington. Whether he had a hermit, I cannot say but I never heard of a hermit in the Preston neighbourhood.
P. P.
_Dr. Fell_ (Vol. v., p. 296.).--Mr. Tom Sheridan, the only child of Richard Brinsley Sheridan by his wife (Miss Elizabeth Linley), is author of the lines on Dr. Fell. They were written on the celebrated Dr. Parr, under whose tuition he was. Why he gave to Dr. Parr the nomen "Dr. Fell," I do not know. I have often heard my dear mother repeat the lines:
"I do not like thee, Dr. Fell, The reason why I cannot tell, But this I know full well, I do not like thee, Dr. Fell."
The metre of the third line would be more perfect by the addition of the dissyllable; but the lines I have so often heard want this.
My mother was very intimate with the Sheridan family, and many years agone she informed me that Miss Jane Linley (afterwards Mrs. Ward) told her that young Tom Sheridan composed the foregoing lines on Dr. Parr.
E. F.
_List of Prothonotaries_ (Vol. v., p. 294.).--Lists of the prothonotaries of the Court of Common Pleas, from Henry VIII. to George IV., may be collected from the _Reports of the Deputy Keeper of Public Records, Second Report, Appendix_, ii. 67-88.; _Fourth Report, Appendix_, ii. 30-52.
C. H. COOPER.
Cambridge.
_The Vellum-bound Junius_ (Vol. iii., p. 262.; Vol. v., p. 303.).--Since I wrote to you I have seen my informant, and am now enabled to state, that what your correspondent calls "the vellum-bound Junius," at Stowe, was, as I said, printed on vellum, but _was not bound in vellum_.
V. B. J.
_Plague Stones_ (Vol. v., p. 308.).--The three following places, where these stones of exchange were erected, have just occurred to me, and I forward them to add to the desired list:--
At Derby the stone was known by the name of the Headless Cross; and it has within the last few years been removed for preservation to the Arboretum in that town.
A stone of a similar name existed at Shrewsbury.
At East Retford, in Nottinghamshire, was also one, called the Broad Stone.
L. JEWITT.
_George Trehern_ (Vol. v., p. 295.).--George Trehern, or Treheryon, was Autumn Reader of Lincoln's Inn, 12 Hen. VIII.; Lent Reader there 16 Hen. VIII.; and one of the Governors of that society 12 & 17 Hen. VIII. His reading on Carta Forestæ appears to have been printed in 4to., but in what year is not stated. (Dugdale's _Origines Juridiciales_, 251. 259.; _Bibliotheca Legum Angliæ_, i. 24., ii. 191.)
C. H. COOPER.
Cambridge.
_St. Christopher_ (Vol. v., p. 265.).--I know not whether Mr. Drake's explanation (referred to by E. A. H. L.) be the same as that given in _Sacred and Legendary Art_, but the latter seems sufficiently satisfactory.
"It was believed that in consequence of his prayer, those who beheld the figure of St. Christopher were exempt during that day from all perils of earthquake, fire, and flood. The mere sight of his image, that type of strength, was deemed sufficient to inspire with courage those who had to struggle with the evils and casualties of life, and to reinvigorate those who were exhausted by the labours of husbandry.... Hence it became a custom to place his image in conspicuous places, to paint it of colossal size on the walls of churches and houses, where it is sometimes seen occupying the whole height of the building, and is visible from a great distance, being considered as a good omen for all those who look upon it. A mountain in Granada, which is first seen by ships arriving from the African coast, is called San Cristobal, in allusion to this poetical superstition."--_S. and L. Art_, p. 262.
J. EASTWOOD.
_White Livers_ (Vol. v., p. 127.).--The superstition, that a man or woman who survives several wives or husbands has a white liver, is common among the lower orders in Lancashire.
P. P.
_Torshel's Design to harmonise the Bible_ (Vol. v., p. 199.).--This rare and valuable tract is reprinted in _The Phenix_, 1707, vol. i. pp. 96-113.
JOHN I. DREDGE.
Miscellaneous.
NOTES ON BOOKS, ETC.
The success which has attended the endeavour to supply, by means of the London Library in St. James's Square, the want so long felt by scholars and reading men, of a library of circulation of works of a higher class than those to be met with in ordinary subscription libraries, has just been rendered evident by the publication of the second volume of its _Catalogue_.
From this it appears that there are now in this admirable collection--for it is an admirable one--fifteen thousand distinct works (upwards, we believe, of forty-five thousand volumes), comprising the best and most expensive works in every department of learning, which scholars and men of learning may have the use of in their own studies for the small subscription of two pounds a year. There is little wonder that the plan has succeeded, for it has been well carried out,--thanks to the zeal of the Managing Committee, and to the care and attention of Mr. Cochrane, its able and most efficient Librarian.
_The History of the Restoration of Monarchy in France_, by Alphonse de Lamartine. Volume the Second.--The brilliant and eloquent narrative contained in this volume includes the period between Napoleon's departure from Fontainebleau and his abdication. In the course of this history we are presented with scene after scene which dazzle us with all the gorgeous colouring of a panorama; but which, when we come to look into their details, are found to be almost as obscure and indefinite as the objects in those attractive works of art to which we have likened them. The work has all the charms of a romance; but we fear purchases this reputation by sacrificing the more sober requirements of a history.
_Lectures and Addresses in Aid of Popular Education_, by the Right Hon. the Earl of Carlisle.--It would be difficult to find a more faithful or a more gratifying type of the present age than this new part of _The Traveller's Library_, in which we see one of England's "belted earls," and one of the most amiable and accomplished men of his time, recording the experiences of his travels; and inviting to join him in the delights which he has gathered from literary pursuits,--not a crowd of titled listeners, but "a band of the hard-handed working men" fresh from the anvil and the loom.
_Were Heretics ever burned at Rome? A Report of the Proceedings of the Roman Inquisition against Fulgentio Manfredi, taken from the Original Manuscript brought from Italy by a French Officer, and edited, with a parallel English Version, and Notes_, by the Rev. Richard Gibbings, M.A.--The _Dublin Review_ for June 1850 having boldly asserted as a fact, that "the Roman Inquisition--that is to say, the tribunal which was immediately subject to the control and direction of the Popes themselves, in their own city, has never been known to order the execution of capital punishment"--the Rev. Richard Gibbings has published, in contradiction of such assertion, this important document, in the history of Father Fulgentio, who was hanged and burned in the _Campo di Fiore_.
BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES
WANTED TO PURCHASE.
SCOTT'S CONTINUATION OF MILNER'S CHURCH HISTORY. Vol. II. Part II. 8vo.
WINKELMAN'S REFLECTIONS ON THE PAINTING OF THE GREEKS, translated by FUSELI. London, 1765. 8vo.
ROYAL PROCLAMATIONS IN ENGLAND IN THE YEAR 1688, EXTENDING TO AND INCLUDING THE YEAR 1707. London, folio.
TYRWITT'S SOLID REASONS FOR PHILOSOPHIZING. Winchester, 1652.
BENTLEY'S MISCELLANY. The first two Volumes. In Numbers preferred.
MARVELL'S WORKS. 3 Vols. 4to.
MARVELL'S (ANDREW) LIFE.
KINGSTON-ON-HULL, any work upon.
EDWIN AND EMMA. Taylor, 1776. 5_s._ will be given for a perfect copy.
JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY. Vol. V. Part I.
---- ---- ---- ---- Vols. VIII. and IX. in Numbers.
POPE'S WORKS, BY WARTON, 1797. Vol. IV.
ROSCOE'S NOVELIST'S LIBRARY.--TRISTRAM SHANDY. Vol. II.
LINGARD'S HISTORY OF ENGLAND. 4to. edit. Vol. VII.
LEBEUF, TRAITE HISTORIQUE SUR LE CHANT ECCLESIASTIQUE.
NOTES AND QUERIES. No. 19.
GEMMÆ ET SCULPTURÆ ANTIQUÆ DEPICTÆ IN LATINUM VERSÆ, per Jac. Gronovium. Amstelodami, 1685.
SWALBACI DISSERTATIO DE CICONIIS, &c. Spiræ. 1630.
SYNTAGMA HERBARUM ENCOMIASTICUM, ABR. ORTELIO INSCRIPTUM. Ex officina Plantin. 1614.
TYRWHITT, THO., CONJECTURÆ IN STRABONEM. London, 1783.
CRAKANTHORP'S DEFENCE OF JUSTINIAN THE EMPEROR AGAINST CARDINAL BARONIUS. London, 1616.
HALLERI (A.) ELEMENTA PHYSIOLOGIÆ CORPORIS HUMANI. 8 Vols. 4to. Lausannæ and Lugd. Batav. 1757-66. Vol. III.
RACCOLTA DI OPUSCULI SCIENTIFICI, &c., dal Padre Calogera. Venezia, 1728-57.
THE WHOLE DUTY OF A CHRISTIAN, by Way of Question and Answer: designed for the Use of Charity Schools. By Robert Nelson, 1718.
QUARTERLY REVIEW. Nos. 153. to 166., both inclusive.
BELL'S FUGITIVE POETRY COLLECTION. Vols. X. and XVI. 12mo. 1790.
THE CRITIC, London Literary Journal. First 6 Nos. for 1851.
VOLTAIRE, OEUVRES COMPLETES DE. Aux Deux-Ponts. Chez Sanson et Compagnie. Vols. I. & II. 1791-2.
SCOTT'S CONTINUATION OF MILNER'S CHURCH HISTORY. Part II. of Vol. II. 8vo.
SPECTATOR. No. 1223. Dec. 6, 1851.
ANNUAL REGISTER, from 1816 inclusive to the present time.
MEDICO-CHIRURGICAL TRANSACTIONS. From Part II. of Vol. XI. March 1819; and also from Vol. XXX.
THE CODE MATRIMONIAL. Paris, 1770.
PRO MATRIMONIO PRINCIPIS CUM DEFUNCTÆ UXORIS SORORE CONTRACTO RESPONSUM JURIS, COLLEGII JURISCONSULTORUM IN ACADEMIÂ RINTELENSI. Published about 1655.
[Star symbol] Letters, stating particulars and lowest price, _carriage free_, to be sent to MR. BELL, Publisher of "NOTES AND QUERIES," 186. Fleet Street.
Notices to Correspondents.