Part 5

The tracing, the accuracy of which may be relied upon, I shall be very happy to lend to A. E. C., if it will be of any service to him. Fuller's autograph has not yet been discovered in the library, but, I have reason to believe, will be found in the President's lodge.

W. SPARROW SIMPSON, B.A.

14. Grove Road, North Brixton, Surrey.

_Lines on the Bible_ (Vol. iv., p. 473. Vol. v., p. 66.).--It has been already shown that these lines are _not_ Byron's, but are to be found in the 12th chapter of Sir W. Scott's _Monastery_. I write now for the purpose of noting, that in a similar collection, almost exclusively of the Evangelical school, called _Sacred Poetry_, and published by Oliphant of (I think) Edinburgh, Byron's lines from _The Giaour_, beginning--

"Yes! Love indeed is light from heaven; A spark of that immortal fire, With angels shared, by _Allah_ given, To lift from Earth each low desire," &c.--

are printed with the "Allah" of the third line simply changed into "Jesus!" And so a passage, applicable solely to the earthly Eros, is made to do duty as descriptive of another love of which the noble poet had, I fear, remarkably little notion. The editors have had the grace not to append Byron's name as the author. How far is this mode of "improving" a passage honest?

HARRY LEROY TEMPLE.

_Hell-rake_ (Vol. iv., pp. 192. 260.).--I cannot dispossess my mind of the impression that, like the theological word _hell_, so the agricultural term _hell-rake_ is derived front the well-known Saxon word signifying to _cover_.

Every Devonshire vestryman or mason well enough knows what is meant by the "helling," or "heleing," or "heeling," of a church, viz. the covering of the roof; and every farmer or labourer in the west will tell you, that the _second-helling_ of potatoes is the covering them with earth a second time. Query: Was not the _hell-rake_ originally an implement used in husbandry for the purposes of _covering_ the broad-cast seed, and for other kindred purposes?

J. SANSOM.

_Family Likenesses_ (Vol. v., p. 7.).--The remarkable preservation of a family likeness is the subject of one of your "Minor Notes." It has been often observed, I believe, that in the continuation of such resemblance, a generation is not unfrequently passed over, and the son is not like the father, but the grandfather. The Note recalled to my mind some powerful lines in a poem, printed more than forty years ago, for private circulation only, which I transcribe, thinking that perhaps you may consider them not unsuited to your pages. To establish the relationship of one who claims kindred with another, several proofs are offered, viz. a bracelet, a ring, a letter: but the satisfactory evidence is afforded by the family resemblance:--

"That bracelet with Elmina's hair, That bridal ring which join'd the pair, From Geoffrey, or from Geoffrey's son, By craft or outrage might be won. That letter, where I seem to view Sir Endo's lines precise and true, Of forger's hands the fruit may be, Or penn'd for others, not for thee. But the mild lustre of her eye, Soft as the tint of noontide sky, The grace that once her lips array'd, Nor force nor fraud could thine have made. The semblance of Elmina dead Thus o'er thy every feature spread, No finger on thy front could trace, _'Tis God's handwriting on thy face_."

S. S. S.

_Grimsdyke_ (Vol. iv. _passim_).--Your correspondent NAUTILUS asks it there are any ancient entrenchments in England known by the name of _Grimsdyke_, besides the one he mentions in Hants. I have to inform him that one of the most remarkable of the _many Celtic and Druidical remains_ on Dartmoor, in the county of Devon, is _Grimspound_, with its dyke or ditch, a small stream running through, or just outside, its circumvallation. He will find two very good accounts of it lately published, one in _A Perambulation of the Ancient and Royal Forest of Dartmoor_: by Samuel Rowe, M.A., Vicar of Crediton (published by Hamilton, Adams & Co.); and another, in a _Guide to the Eastern Encampment of Dartmoor_, _with a Descriptive Map_ (published by Dr. Croker, of South Bovey).[2]

[Footnote 2: The _Guide_ is published by Holden, Exeter; and Kirkman and Thackray, London.]

There is a good print of Grimspound in Mr. Rowe's book, who describes it as by far the finest and most extraordinary of all the relics of this class. Its situation is on the N.W. slope of Hamel Down, on the borders of the parishes of Manaton (Colonel Hamilton says, _Maen-y-dun_, the fort or inclosure of erect stones), North Bovey, and Widdecombe. Dr. Croker says Grimspound is about 400 feet diameter; the wall inclosing the area is formed of loose stones (granite), several of which are of immense size: when first erected it appears to have been about twelve feet in height. There are two entrances, N. and S., with evident marks of a pavement. Within are many smaller circles formed by erect stones three feet high, and in general twelve feet in diameter.

WM. COLLYNS, Surgeon.

Kenton, Devon.

_Portraits of Wolfe._--I have by me a print well known by "hearsay" to all the admirers of Hogarth (though evidently none of _his_ performance), the print of "A living dog is better than a dead lion." It shows a profile likeness of Wolfe, which certainly corresponds with every other likeness I have seen of him. I never saw any other print of it but that in my possession.

Now we are upon the subject of Wolfe's portraits, it may not be amiss to state that in the celebrated print by Woollett, every face there was engraved by the celebrated Ryland; for this I had the authority of my father, who was acquainted with him.

B. G.

_Jenings or Jennings Family_ (Vol. iv., p. 424.).--Mr. Jennings or Jennens (William), of Acton Place, Suffolk, who died at the close of the last century, was a son of Robert Jennens, who served as aide-de-camp to the great Duke of Marlborough. _His_ grandfather Humphrey was settled in Warwickshire, became an eminent iron manufacturer in Birmingham, and afterwards purchased extensively in Leicestershire. The father of Humphrey was settled for some time at Hales Owen in Shropshire; but I have reason to believe his family came from Yorkshire, as suggested by A. B. C. of Brighton. The will of Humphrey was dated Feb. 25th, 1651; and, as it was proved, may throw some light on his kindred. Various works touching on the pedigrees of Yorkshire may also give the querist information, especially Whitaker's _Ducatus Leodiensis_ and his _Leodis and Elmete_, Surtees' publications, Part I. for 1836; Cleveland's _Cleveland_; Davis's _York Records_; Hunter's _South Yorkshire_; Nichols's _Collectanea Topographica et Geneologica_, vols. iv. and viii. &c. &c. Doubtless, too, there are local histories of Craven and Ripon which might aid his object; but if it would justify expense, he should examine the diocesan and parochial registries of York in regard to those localities. Mr. Jennens died at a very advanced age, having been the godson of William III., and afterwards page of George I. He amassed an immense property in lands and stock, much of which is, I believe, unappropriated and yet unclaimed.

JOHN D'ALTON.

48. Summer Hill, Dublin.

_The Father of Cardinal Pole_ (Vol. v., p. 105.).--I. J. H. H. does not state by what authority Sir Richard Pole is styled "a Welsh knight:" and the surmise that this name was a corruption of Powell is clearly unfounded. The not uncommon names of De la Pole, Atte Pole, and Poole, are of English origin; belonging to the _minor_ class of local cognomina, like Brook, Gate, Wood, &c. The family from which the cardinal sprang was wholly distinct from the De la Poles, earls and dukes of Suffolk, and can only be traced for three generations: but the series of "Pedigrees of Noble Families related to the Blood Royal," made, it is believed, by Wriothesley Garter, and printed in the first volume of the _Collectanea Topogr. et Genealogica_, throws some light upon it. It appears that Sir Richard Pole and Alianor, who was married to Ralph Verney, Esq., and had issue, were the children of _Geoffrey Pole of Buckinghamshire_ by Edith, daughter of Sir Oliver St. John, and half-sister to Margaret, Countess of Richmond, the mother of King Henry VII. Sir Harris Nicolas, who edited the pedigrees in question, remarks upon this alliance:

"It has been a subject of surprise that Sir Richard Pole, of whom, or of whose family, little was known, should have married Margaret Countess of Salisbury, the last descendant of the Plantagenets. One of these pedigrees proves that Sir Richard Pole was nearly related to the king, which accounts for the fact."

Sir Harris Nicolas further remarks, that where, in another page of the same manuscript, the arms of Sir Geoffrey Pole (for he was, it seems, a knight) ought to have been inserted, the shield is _left blank_; and that the coat which is engraved on the garter-plate of Sir Richard Pole at Windsor, being Party per pale argent and sable, a saltire engrailed counterchanged, appears as if it may have been formed upon the saltire of the Nevilles, in allusion to the great inheritance of his wife, the Lady Margaret of Clarence.

J. G. N.

_Sir Gammer Vangs_ (Vol. ii., pp. 89. 280. 396.).--I have just found some account of this absurd story in Swift's _Correspondence_, Scott's edition, vol. xvi. p. 306. It seems to have been printed in a pamphlet, a copy of which was sent to the Dean by his friend Mr. Ludlow (Sept. 10, 1718), under the name of _Sir Politic Would-be_, who gives it sportively (as I always thought it _really_ had) a political meaning, and there seems to have been some allusion in it to the Dean himself. The pamphlet may, perhaps, be found in some of the Irish libraries.

C.

_Delighted, Meaning of_ (Vol. ii., pp. 113. 329.).--A discussion was, some time ago, carried on in the pages of "N. & Q." relative to the signification of the word _delighted_ as used by Shakspeare. The same word occurs in a sense very different from that which it now bears in the "Epistle Dedicatory" (dated 1667) to _The City and Country Purchaser and Builder_, by Stephen Primatt. The book is dedicated to Sir Orlando Bridgman and "the rest of the Justices and Barons appointed----for Determination of Differences touching Houses burnt down or demolished by reason of the late Fire in London," and the following is the passage alluded to:

"The truely merited reputation by your Honours equal ballancing the Scales of Justice, hath, and is the daily cause of so many Petitioners to you for the same, especially in the late wisely-erected Court of Judicature; wherein your Honours, by your quick and _delighted_ equitable dispatch of such differences as have come before you, hath sufficiently testified your undoubted loyalty to our Sovereign Lord the King, and amity to his people," &c.

R. C. H.

_Stops, when first introduced_ (Vol. v., p. 1.).--The semicolon had been freely used in England some years before the date (1589) of Puttenham's _Arte of English Poesie_. If Sir Henry Ellis will turn to the first edition of Archbishop Sandys' Sermons, _Sermons made by the most reuerende Father in God, Edwin, Archbishop of Yorke_: At London, printed by Henrie Midleton, for Thomas Charde, 1585, he will find semicolons in abundance. I see that the note of interrogation occurs in _A Compendiovs and very frvtefvl treatyse teachynge the waye of Dyenge well_, _by Thomas Lupsete;_ London, 1541. It is no doubt to be found at an earlier date, but my poor library does not afford an older English book. The same mark, I may add, was used as a note both of interrogation and of exclamation.

A. J. H.

_Force of Conscience_ (Vol. iii., p. 38.).--The relation given by your correspondent J. K. is also to be found in a volume entitled _The Providence of God illustrated_, 12mo., London, 1836, pp. 386. 387., in very similar words, but no authority is given. Many anecdotes equally extraordinary are to be found in this work; it would be very desirable to authenticate them.

W. SPARROW SIMPSON, B.A.

_Monton in Pembroke_ (Vol. iv., p. 371.).--I have to remark that this mountain, or monton (the meaning of which B. B. finds it difficult to explain), is situated outside the walls of Pembroke on the adjoining hill; and there is now the remains of a priory in or about the midst to which this village belonged, and that in old deeds it is written Monkton, or Moncton. Perhaps this may solve his difficulty.

J. D.

_Catterick for Cattraeth_ (Vol. iv., p. 453.).--I understand MR. STEPHENS to insinuate that Cattraeth means Catterick or _vice versâ_. That both names begin with _cat_, and so much only, I am able to concede.

Catterick was Cataractonium, or Cataracta, a Latin word of Greek derivation, alluding to the rapids of the Swale. No man can dispute that Cat-traeth is a compound of regular and truly idiomatic formation. Therefore the best meaning I can surmise is this: that Aneurin, wishing to play upon the syllable _cat_, the battle, and disregarding the falsehood and inapplicability of _traeth_, therefore travestied Cataracta into Cattraeth. For the meaning of _traeth_, in topography, see Giraldus, _Itin. Cambr._ lib. ii. cap. 6., and the common sources of information.

But that meaning was not one tolerated by Aneurin, maugre its untruth, in order to avail himself of the other and appropriate word. It was one on which he leant heavily and with emphasis, reproducing, and multiplying it in several forms. For he calls the scene of contest not only Cat-traeth, seabeach of battle, but also Gall-traeth, sea-beach of prowess; and Mordai, the sea-shore: "Gododin ar llawr mordai: Gododin whose ground-plot is on the sea-shore." Again, the scene of "outcry and slaughter" is called Uffin; but Uffin was situate on "y mordai ymmoroedd Gododin," on the sea-shore of the sea of Gododin.

Catterick is remote from the sea, and inconsistent with all that Aneurin says. And though Sigston should mean in Anglo-Saxon _town of victory_, from some ancient occurrence, Catterick is assuredly not derived from _cat_, a battle, in British. Bilinguar etymology, of the same date, and from the same event, would be suspicious, even if facts did not confute it.

A. N.

_Biographical Dictionary_ (Vol. iv., p. 483.).--It is almost unnecessary to direct Z. Z. Z. to the _Biographical Dictionary_ of the Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge, inasmuch as it is but a splendid fragment, comprising only the letter A, in seven half-volumes. But it may be of use to call attention to this work; and as, from an examination of the plan, the names of the contributors, and that of the editor, no one can have any doubt of its worth and superiority, so one would imagine that an enterprising publisher might take up the continuation of it without risk.

ED. STEANE JACKSON.

Saffron Walden.

_Martinique_ (Vol. v., p. 11.).--One of your correspondents from St. Lucia asks why the Island of Martinique was so called. It is from the circumstance of its having been discovered on _St. Martin's Day_, 1502, by Christopher Columbus.

PHILIP S. KING.

_A Regular Mull_ (Vol. iii., pp. 449. 508.).--The suggestions of W. E. W. and M. as to the origin of this expression are amusing, and show, however farfetched the derivations, their authors have not gone so far as "Malabar or Deccan." Had either of these gentlemen been from the land of the wise, they would have known that the residents of Bengal, Bombay, and Madras are, in Eastern parlance, designated "Qui Hies," "Ducks," and "Mulls." Madras not hitherto having been so highly favoured by "Kumpanie Jehân," is in a comparatively less advanced stage of civilisation than its sister presidencies. The Qui Hies and Ducks, attributing this to the inertness and want of go-a-headness of the Mulls, hold them (though most unjustly) in cheap estimation; hence they say of a person deficient in skill and cleverness that he is "a regular Mull."

TAPROBANE.

_The Pelican as a Symbol of the Saviour_ (Vol. v., p. 59.).--In Lord Lindsay's _Christian Art_, vol. i. xx. xxi., we find, in the text: "God the Son (is symbolised) by a Pelican" (Psalm cii. 6.), to which is added the following note:

"The mediæval interpretation of this symbol is given as follows by Sir David Lindsay of the Mount, Lion King (nephew of the poet), in his MS. Collectanea, preserved in the Advocates' Library, Edinburgh:--

"'The Pellican is ane foule in Egipt, of the quhilkis auld men sayis that the litill birdis straikis thair fader in the face with thair wingis, and crabis him quhill (till) he slayis thame. And quhen the moder seis thame slane, scho greitis (weeps) and makis grit dule thre dayis lang, quhill scho streikis hirself in the breist with hir neb (beak), and garris the blude skayle (flow) vpone hir birdis, quhairthrow thai restoir and turnis to lyf agane. Bot sum folkis sayis thai ar clekkit swown and (hatched swooning), lyk as thai war bot (without) life, and that thair fader haillis (heals) thame agane with his blude. And this maner haly kirk beiris witnes, quhair our Lord sayis that he is maid lyk the Pelican.'"

I wish Lord L. had translated "crabis."

F. W. J.

_Church_ (Vol. v., p. 79.).--Can it be that MR. STEPHENS is not aware that there is a long dissertation on the subject of his Query in Ihre's _Glossarium Suio-Gothicum_ voce "Kyrka?" The Welsh still retain the derivative from the Latin, _Eglwys_.

B. WILLIAMS.

_Donkey_ (Vol. v., p. 78.).--C. W. G. asks, "What is the origin of _donkey_?" Perhaps he may consider the following (from the great authority) as satisfactory. Porson was introduced to a _Danish_ archæologist of celebrity, who, thinking it necessary to say something to Porson, rather abruptly addressed him thus: "I dink, Mr. Porson, that you vil agree wid me, that asses is derived from Asia." Porson eyed the learned Dane, and observed: "Yes, Sir, about as much as that _donkey_ is derived from Denmark: and that is a thought that never struck me till now."

ÆGROTUS.

_Moravian Hymns_ (Vol. v., p. 113.).--Dr. Pusey's _Letter to the Bishop of London_ (Epiphany, 1851), § vi., forms a curious comment on the almost blasphemous lines quoted on this page.

A. A. D.

Miscellaneous.

NOTES ON BOOKS, ETC.

A Note on the coins of Edward III. by PROFESSOR VAN DER CHŸS, director of the cabinet of coins and medals in the University of Leyden, in a former part of this Number, reminds us to inform our readers that the Teyler's Society in Haarlem have just published the treatise on the coins of the ancient duchies of Brabant and Limberg from the earliest times to the pacification of Ghent, referred to by the professor, who, has been several years occupied in making drawings and descriptions of coins in his own collection, in the cabinet under his care, and in other public and private collections in the Netherlands and neighbouring countries. His work, comprising more than 400 quarto pages of description and historical research, with 36 well-executed plates containing 470 specimens of coins from original drawings, supplies a want long felt, and will be equally welcomed by the lover of coins and the student of history. It is not less remarkable for its cheapness than for its beauty.

Since the days when Teofilo Folengo, who has with some propriety been regarded as the forerunner of Rabelais, gave to the world, under the name of Merlinus Cocaius, the "Libriculum ludicrum et curiosum, partim latino, partim italiano sermone compositum," which may be said to have called into existence that burlesque style of composition which is now understood by the term Macaronic, not only has he found many imitators, but his and their works have always found a numerous class of purchasers at least, if not of readers. In 1829, Genthe gave to the literary world of Germany an excellent history of the works of this peculiar class. He was followed in this country in 1831 by Mr. Sandys, who then gave us his interesting _Specimens of Macaronic Poetry;_ and we have now to thank M. Octave Delepierre for his _Macaronéana, ou Mélanges de Littérature Macaronique des différents Peuples de l'Europe_--an agreeable and amusing work upon the same subject. M. Delepierre, while busied in its preparations, has had the advantage of consulting the library of M. Van de Weyer, which appears to be as rich in this peculiar branch of bibliography, as it is known to be not only in every department of the literature of the Low Countries, but in everything that relates to the general history of literature.

When we consider the unwearied zeal and well-directed perseverance manifested by Mrs. Cowden Clarke in her admirable _Concordance to Shakspeare_, and the unvarying good taste and great ability with which she has shadowed forth the infant life of those female characters which Shakspeare has drawn with such mastery,--we feel that we have scarcely done justice to _The Girlhood of Shakspeare's Heroines_ in allowing this graceful and interesting series of Tales to draw to the close, to which it has now been brought by the publication of _Viola the Twin_ and _Imogen the Peerless_, without having directed the attention of our readers to the various tales, as they were from time to time presented to the world. The press has been unanimous in commending the plan proposed to herself by Mrs. Clarke, as well as her execution of it; and although at the eleventh hour, we join most heartily in a commendation as well deserved as it has been universally bestowed.

If Authors have their peculiar calamities, they may console themselves by the reflection that Editors have also some which are peculiarly their own. Is it a small matter to receive a book (with a title which alone would occupy nearly a column) containing upwards of a thousand closely-printed pages, and be expected to give, in the short space which we can allot to such notes, an account of its objects, merits, &c.? And yet, when one reads in the opening of _The Grammar of English Grammars, with an Introduction, Historical and Critical; the whole methodically arranged and amply illustrated_, &c., by Goold Brown,--that it is the fulfilment of a design formed upwards of a quarter of a century since,--one feels pained at being merely enabled to announce that it is a work obviously the fruit of much reflection on the part of its author, and as obviously deserving of the attention of all whose duty it is to discover the most advantageous system of inculcating the rules of English Grammar.

We understand that several very important publications will shortly be issued from the Oxford University Press. We may first mention the _Fasti Catholici_, or _Universal Chronology_, by the Rev. Edward Greswell, author of the _Harmony of the Gospels_, _the Parables_, &c. It is stated that the present work, which contains the result of the indefatigable labour and research of the Editor for several years, is a still more learned and elaborate production than any of his previous publications. Another, which will excite great attention, is a _Catalogue of the Manuscripts contained in the Libraries of the Twenty-four Colleges and Halls of the University of Oxford_, which has been prepared by the Rev. Henry Octavius Coxe, ore of the sub-librarians of the Bodleian Library, editor of _Roger of Wendover's Chronicle_, and of Lewis's _Collection of Forms of Bidding Prayer_, from the manuscript in the Bodleian Library. And, lastly, we may mention a reprint of Bishop Burnet's _Lives of the Dukes of Hamilton_, which is usually considered as a supplement to Spottiswoode's _History of the Church of Scotland_.

BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES

WANTED TO PURCHASE.

ISR. CLAUDERI DISPUTATIO DE SALE SUB PRÆSIDIO SAGITTARII. Jenæ, 1650.

TILLOTSON'S SERMONS. Vol I. First Edition. 1670-80. Edited by Parker, his Chaplain.

CRESCENT AND THE CROSS. Vol. I. Third Edition.