Notes and Queries, Vol. IV, Number 110, December 6, 1851 A Medium of Inter-communication for Literary Men, Artists, Antiquaries, Genealogists, etc.

Part III. p. 11.

Chapter 14,793 wordsPublic domain

J. S. WARDEN.

Balica, Oct. 1851.

_Collars of SS._ (Vol. iv., pp. 147. 236.).--With reference to the different notices that have appeared in your pages respecting effigies bearing the collar of SS, and especially in compliance with the desire expressed by MR. E. FOSS, that information should be sent to you of any effigy that might be met with having this distinction, I beg to state that in the church of St. Mary, Ruabon, Denbighshire, there is a finely executed high tomb of alabaster, bearing the effigies of "John ap Ellis Eyton" and of his lady "Elizabeth Chalfrey Ellis Eyton;" the former deceased A.D. 1524, and the latter A.D. 1527. The knight wears the collar of SS, to which is suspended a rose-shaped ornament, and is stated to have been at the battle of Bosworth, and, for his services on that day, to have been granted by Henry VII. what lands he chose. The knight's gauntlets lie together on his right side, and his feet rest against a lion.

G. J. R. G.

Pen-y-lau, Ruabon.

_Locusts of the New Testament_ (Vol. iv., pp. 255. 351.).--In reference to the word ἀκρὶς, which has given rise to so much discussion in your very valuable periodical, may I be permitted to observe that the pâtois spoken in this town (Nice = Nizza = Nicæa, founded by the Phocæans, expelled their Asian abode by Harpagus; Strabo, l. 4. p. 184.; Herod. i. 163.) bears many traces of its Greek origin. The tree which answers to the "locust" is called by the peasantry _acroòb_; and in order that you, or any of your correspondents, may observe its similarity in every point to the Eastern tree, I have transmitted a packet of its fruit to your office. I do not know whether Grimm's law would authorise the antithesis of a _d_ for a _p_ sound, but every student of Romaic will allow the tendency that _i_ and _o_ sounds have for interchanging. This would give _acreed_, ακρίδ, the root of ἀκρὶς.

NICÆENSIS.

_Theodolite_ (Vol. iv., p. 383.).--If your correspondent J. S. WOOD will refer to Todd's _Johnson's Dictionary_, he will find the derivation of the word thus--

"THEODOLITE (Fr. from θεῶ, Gr., contracted of θεάω, or θεάομαι, to observe; and δολιχὸς, long. See Morin, _Fr. and Gr. Etym. Dict._), a mathematical instrument for taking heights and distances."

HENRY WILKINSON.

Brompton, Nov. 15. 1851.

"_A Posie of other Men's Flowers_" (Vol. iv., p. 211.).--Your correspondent MR. C. FORBES appears anxious to know where Montaigne speaks of "a posie of other men's flowers." I believe that there is an error in confining Montaigne's idea thus exclusively to poetry, for I presume the passage sought for is what I shall now quote; but if so, it applies generally to any borrowed thought from an author embellished by another:

"La vérité et la raison sont communes à un chascun, et ne sont plus à celui qui les adictes premièrement, qu'à qui les dict aprez: ce n'est non plus selon Platon que selon moy, puisque luy et moy l'entendons, et veoyons de mesme. _Les abeilles pillotent deça delà les fleurs; mais elles en font aprez le miel, qui est tout leur; ce n'est plus thym, ny mariolaine_; ainsi les pièces empruntées d'aultruy, il les transformera et confondra pour en faire un ouvrage tout sien, à scavoir son jugement," &c.--_Essays_, livre i. chap. 25.

I hope that this will satisfactorily answer your correspondent's inquiry.

J. R.

_Voltaire_ (Vol. iii. p. 433.).--On the subject of _anagrams_, lately adverted to by your correspondents, I not long since referred to that which showed that the name of _Voltaire_, as adduced by me in the _Gentleman's Magazine_ a few years back, instead of being, as asserted by Lord Brougham and others, that of an estate, was in fact the anagram of his family patronymic, with the adjunct of l. j., or junior (le jeune), to distinguish him from his elder brother. We see similarly the President of the French National Assembly uniformly called "Dupin l'aîné"; and his brother Charles, until created a Baron, always "Dupin le jeune." Observing, therefore, that Voltaire was in reality Arouet le jeune, or, as he signed it, Arouet l. j., and that the two letters u and j were, until distinguished by the Elzevir, indiscriminately written v and i, the anagram will thus be clearly proved: every letter, though transposed, being equally in both:--

A R O V E T L J 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

V O L T A I R E 4 3 7 6 1 8 2 5

Although, as above mentioned, this unquestionable fact has already appeared in another publication, and, indeed, likewise in the _Dublin Review_ for June 1845 (both from me), yet the old mis-statement of this celebrated personage's biographers still continued to be asserted, as it has been in your own pages. This is my motive for now addressing you on the matter. Voltaire, I may add, was a little partial to his paternal name. To the Abbé Moussinot, his Parisian agent, he thus wrote on the 17th of May, 1741:

"Je vous ai envoyé ma signature, dans laquelle j'ai oublié le nom d'Arouet, que j'oublie assez volontiers."

And, on another occasion:

"Je vous renvoie d'autres parchemins, où se trouve ce nom, malgré le peu de cas que j'en fais."

Mixing with the higher classes of society, he wished, like them, to be known by a territorial possession, and framed the name now resounding through the world, prefixing to it the nobiliary particle, _De_. His elder brother was named Armond, whose death preceded that of the younger by thirty-seven years, 1741-1778; both were unmarried. Numerous, and curious too, are the anagrams which my memory could furnish me.

J. R.

_Sinaïtic Inscriptions_ (Vol. iv., p. 382.).--The decipherer of these inscriptions was the late Professor Beer of Berlin. T. D. will find his alphabet, together with that of the Himyaritic inscriptions, and others which resemble them, in Dr. (John) Wilson's _Lands of the Bible_.

E. H. D. D.

_Le Greene at Wrexham_ (Vol. iv., p. 371.).--A survey of the lordships of Bromfield and Yale (within the former of which this town is situated), made by Norden about the year 1620 for Charles I., then Prince of Wales, has been preserved in the Harleian Collection in the British Museum. The descriptive part is in Latin; but before the names of the places and streets in this town the French article _le_ is used, as Le highe street, Le hope street, Le church street, Le beast market, Le greene. The larger part of this Le greene (now called "The Green") has still grass growing upon it; and there is no tradition that either a granary or corn-mill was ever situated there.

[Pointing hand symbol]

Wrexham.

_Cross-legged Effigies_ (Vol. iv., p. 382.).--In the parish church of Limington, Somerset, is a figure of a cross-legged knight, with his hand on the hilt of his sword, as if about to draw it. The date of the foundation of the chantry in which he lies is said to be 1329, and the mouldings and windows appear to testify its correctness.

[Hebrew: Beth.]

_The Word Ἀδελφὸς_ (Vol. iv., p. 339.).--Your correspondent, the Rev. T. R. BROWN, is right in acquiescing in the ordinary derivation of ἀδελφὸς from ἀ and δέλφυς, but wrong, as I think, in endeavouring to find cognate forms in the Indo-Germanic languages. The fact is, that the word is solely and peculiarly Greek. The Sanscrit word for brother is, as every body knows, _bhratri_ (Latin, _frater_, &c.); and that this form was not entirely unknown to the Hellenic races, is evidenced by their use of φράτρα, or φράτρη, in various senses, all of which may easily be reduced to the one common idea of brotherhood. How it happened that the word φρατὴρ was lost in Greek, and ἀδελφὸς substituted, we think we can satisfactorily explain, and, if so, the elucidation will make clearer an interesting point in Greek manners. It appears that they, in common with some Eastern nations, looked upon the relationship between brothers of the same mother as much closer in blood than that in which the brothers were related through the father alone; and hence the well-known law forbidding ἀδελφοὶ ὁμομητρίοι _alone_ to marry. In the same manner we find Abraham (Gen. xx. 12.) using a similar excuse for marrying Sarah:

"And yet indeed she is my sister; she is the daughter of my father, but not the daughter of my mother; and she became my wife."

It is not difficult, therefore, to understand how this notion prevailing among the Greeks, might lead them to frame a new word from ἀ and δέλφυς, to express the uterine relation of brothers, which would soon in common use supplant the older Indo-German term φρατὴρ. For further reasons which may have influenced the dropping of the word φρατὴρ, I would refer to a learned article on "Comparative Philology" in the last number of the _Edinburgh Review_, by Dr. Max Müller.

With regard to the derivations suggested by MR. BROWN from the Hebrew, Arabic, &c., I think I am justified in laying down as a rule that no apparent similarity between words in the Semitic and Asian families can be used to establish a real identity, the two classes of language being radically and fundamentally distinct.

J. B.

_Finger Pillories_ (Vol. iv., p. 315.).--Meeting recently with a person who, although illiterate, is somewhat rich in oral tradition and local folk lore, I inquired if he had ever seen such a thing as that described by MR. LAWRENCE. He replied that he had not, but that he had frequently heard of these "stocks," as he called them, and that he believed they were used in "earlier days" for the purpose of inflicting _penance_ upon those parishioners who absented themselves from mass for any lengthened period. My informant illustrated his explanation with a "traditionary" anecdote (too fabulous to trouble you with), which had been the means of imparting the above to him. Whether correct or not, however, I must leave others to determine.

J. B. COLMAN.

[Will our correspondent favour us with the tradition to which he refers?]

_Blackloana Heresis_ (Vol. iv., p. 239.).--The accounts given of Blacklow and his religious heresy merely excite curiosity. Will no one furnish some brief particulars of him and his proceedings? For what was Peter Talbot famous, and where may his history be read?

E. A. M.

_Quaker Expurgated Bible._--A MEMBER OF THE SOCIETY OF FRIENDS (Vol. iv., p. 412.) has answered my Query respecting this Bible in a manner not very satisfactory. He says "no committee was ever appointed by the Society of Friends" to publish such a Bible, and that the Society adopt the English authorised version only. The authority from which I quoted did not say that the committee had been appointed by the Society of Friends, or that the object of the proposed publication was to supersede the version authorised by the Church, which (as is well known) is adopted, as your correspondent states, by the Society. What she states is this:--That about four years ago a Committee of Friends intended to publish such an edition of the Bible, for daily perusal in Friends' families; and that a prospectus was printed, in which it was promised that every passage of the Bible would be carefully expunged which was unfit for reading aloud, and also those which might be called dangerous, which the unlearned and unstable might wrest to their own destruction.

My Query was, whether such a Bible was ever published, and whether any of your correspondents could furnish a copy of the prospectus alluded to? It is no answer to this to say, that the committee who proposed to publish this Bible were not appointed by the Society of Friends, and that the Friends applied to by your correspondent knew nothing of the project. The authoress of the work I quoted has since been publicly named, and if this query should meet her eye, perhaps she may be able to give me the information I require. It is the more incumbent upon her to do so, as the tone of your correspondent is evidently intended to throw a doubt upon her veracity.

"_Acu tinali merida_" (Vol. iv., p. 406.).--An ingenious friend has suggested to me the following explanation of this passage: Ἄκουε τὴν ἄλλην μερίδα. It is rendered almost certain by the words that come immediately after, in the line quoted by C. W. G., _i.e._ "audi alteram partem." I am unable, however, to point out the source from which the Greek motto was derived. Perhaps some of your readers will solve this ulterior question.

C. H.

Miscellaneous.

NOTES ON BOOKS, SALES, CATALOGUES, ETC.

What the Laureate of the day, inspired by the Peace of Aix-la-Chapelle, sang in 1748,--

"Th' Almighty hand, which first her shores secured With rolling oceans, and with rocks immured, Which spread her plains, and bade her flocks increase, Designed Britannia for the Land of Peace; Where Commerce only should exert her sway, And musing Science trim th' unfading bay"--

was in 1851 recognised by the whole civilised world, not as a poetical fiction, but as a practical, we had almost said a political, truth. Hence the Crystal Palace, that glorious Temple of Concord, which those potent genii Fox and Henderson, at the bidding of the arch-magician Paxton, raised before our eyes, to put to shame the visionary glories of the _Arabian Nights_;--and hence the avidity with which, like ministering sprites, all the great manufacturers and producers, artists and artizans, vied with each other in assembling beneath its fairy dome the masterpieces of their respective skill, ingenuity, and science. Hence, too, the unfading interest with which, day after day, from May until October, did thousands upon thousands press forward to gaze upon a scene unparalleled in the world's history, whether for costliness of display or moral grandeur.

Of such an event--of such a scene, which it was acknowledged fairly represented the productive genius of the whole world, all may well desire to preserve some remembrance; and whatever may be the fate of the Crystal Palace, the great gathering of the nations which assembled under its roof has found an imperishable monument in the three handsome octavo volumes which form _The Official Descriptive and Illustrated Catalogue of the Great Exhibition_, 1851. In this great and useful record--the raw materials for which were furnished by no fewer than _fifteen thousand authors_--we have not only an account of every article exhibited, accompanied in many instances by valuable notes from the ablest scientific pens, pointing out the leading features of interest in the objects described--which annotations again are rendered still more valuable by the twelve hundred woodcut illustrations which are scattered through these pages,--but we have also Mr. Cole's valuable Historical Introduction, illustrating the Rise of the Exhibition, its Progress and Completion; Mr. Digby Wyatt's able account of the Construction of the Building and of the mechanical applications employed; and Mr. Ellis' interesting description of the Revision and Preparation of the Catalogue; when we add that it contains, moreover, all sorts of Indices and Lists for facilitating references--our readers will, we think, agree with us that this most complete, instructive, and extraordinary Catalogue may fairly be regarded as _An Encyclopædia of the Industry of all Nations in 1851_, and as such should find a place not only in every factory and workshop, but in every study and educational establishment within the realm. To meet the requirements of those who cannot purchase the _Illustrated Catalogue_, Messrs. Spicer have issued a corrected and improved edition of the _Official Catalogue, with Alphabetical Indices of Names and Subjects, and British and Foreign Priced Lists_: while to enable the non-scientific reader to understand, and to furnish the scientific reader with the results, or, as we might term it, a summing-up of the details to be found in the works already described, they commissioned Mr. Robert Hunt to prepare a _Handbook to the Official Catalogues; an Explanatory Guide to the Natural Productions and Manufactures of the Great Exhibition of the Industry of All Nations_, 1851; and that gentleman has so ably executed his task, that, though some who may only wish for general views and impressions may content themselves with his _Handbook_, the majority of the purchasers of the larger Catalogues must secure Mr. Hunt's interesting volume as an indispensable companion to them.

When we read the announcement that Mr. Planché was about to publish _The Pursuivant of Arms; or Heraldry founded upon Facts_, we looked for a work in which good common sense and sound antiquarian knowledge would be found applied to an important branch of historical learning, which has been too often followed by men whose disregard of the former, and want of the latter gift, have done much to justify Voltaire's biting sarcasm upon heraldry. Nor have we been disappointed. The work is one of facts rather than of inferences; and although the accomplished gentleman now at the head of the College of Arms, to whom, "as an able antiquary and worthy man," the work is most appropriately dedicated, may probably dissent from some of Mr. Planché's views, he will, we are sure, admit that they are cautiously advanced, and maintained with learning and ability; and that the _Pursuivant of Arms_, with its numerous woodcut illustrations drawn from old seals, monuments, &c., is a valuable contribution towards a more perfect knowledge of heraldic antiquities.

Few books of travels in the East have excited greater attention, on their first appearance, or maintained their popularity for a longer period, than the lively volume entitled _Eothen_. In selecting it, therefore, for the Eleventh and Twelfth Parts of _The Traveller's Library_, Messrs. Longman have shown their determination to maintain the interest of that excellent series of cheap books.

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