Chapter 2

"Henry's _Exposition of the Old and New Testaments_ first appeared collectively in 1710[2], five[3] vols. folio; but the recent edition of 1810[4], in six vols. 4to., is the best[5], as the last volume contains[6] additional matter from the author's MSS. left at his decease.--Dr. Gill's _Exposition of the New Testament_ was published in 1746, &c., three vols. folio; of the Old, in 1748[7], &c., nine[8] vols. folio; but the work advancing in reputation and price, became rare, so as to induce Mr. Bagster[9] to put forth a new edition of the whole, in ten[10] vols. 4to. I recommend the annotations of Gill to every theological collector, and those who have the quarto edition will probably feel disposed to purchase Gill's _Body of Practical_[11] _Divinity_, containing[12] some account of his life, writings, and character, in two[13] volumes 4to. 1773.[14] These two[15] volumes are worth about 1l. 15s.[16]"

[Footnote 2: Instead of 1710, read 1707.]

[Footnote 3: This edition is in _six_ volumes.]

[Footnote 4: It bears the date of 1811.]

[Footnote 5: The best edition of Henry's _Commentary_ was elegantly printed by Knapton, in 5 vols. folio, 1761, known as the fifth edition.]

[Footnote 6: This new edition is respectable, except the plates, which had been well worn in Bowyer's _Cabinet Bible_. The _Commentary_ is printed verbatim from the former editions, and has _no_ additional matter from the author's MSS. left at his decease; no mention of anything of the kind is made in the title, preface, or advertisement, until Mr. Dibdin so marvellously brought it to light: upon what authority he makes the assertion remains a mystery. A very considerable number of sets remain unsold in the warehouse of a certain great bookseller. _Query_. Was the Rev. gentleman's pen dipped in gold when he wrote this puff direct?]

[Footnote 7: Not 1748, &c.: it first appeared in 1763, &c.]

[Footnote 8: Nine volumes folio should be _six_ volumes folio.]

[Footnote 9: It was not Mr. Bagster, but Messrs. Mathews and Leigh of the Strand, who put forth the new edition of Dr. Gill's _Exposition_.]

[Footnote 10: It was completed in _nine_ vols. 4to.]

[Footnote 11: The title is _A Body of Doctrinal Divinity_.]

[Footnote 12: Dr. Gill's _Body of Divinity_ was published by _himself_, and has no account of his life, writings, and character.]

[Footnote 13: It was in _three_ vols. 4to, not in two.]

[Footnote 14: Instead of 1773, it was published in 1769-70; nor did any new edition appear for many years, until those recently printed in 3 vols. 8vo., and 1 vol. 4to.]

[Footnote 15: These two vols. should be _three_ vols.]

[Footnote 16: Dr. Gill's _Body of Divinity_ is introduced under the head of "English Bibles!"]

"These glaring errors are made with regard to {406} modern books, and may seriously mislead the bibliomaniacs of the next generation; but what can be expected from an author who, in giving directions for the selection of Hebrew Bibles, forgets the beautiful and correct editions of VANDERHOOGHT and JABLONSKI; who tells us that Frey republished Jahn's[17] edition of the Hebrew Bible in 1812; and who calls Boothroyd's incorrect and ugly double-columned 4to. '_admirable_.'[18]

"The Rev. gentleman fully proves, in the compilation of his volume, that he can dip his pen in gall, as well as allow it to be guided by gold. Dr. Warton's _History of English Poetry_, a very beautiful and correct edition, greatly enlarged from most interesting materials at a very considerable expense, has just issued from the press in 3 vols. 8vo. But 'Can any good thing come out of Nazareth?' It was not published by any of the favoured houses; hence the following ominous notice of it: 'Clouds and darkness rest upon it!'[19] Gentle reader, they are the clouds and darkness of _Cheapside._ It may be possible that some propitious golden breeze had driven all the clouds and darkness from Cornhill, Paternoster Row, the Strand, Pall-Mall, and Bedford Street."

J. Y.

Hoxton.

[Footnote 17: Frey republished Vanderhooght's Hebrew Bible in 1811.]

[Footnote 18: Note on page 24.]

[Footnote 19: Note on page 667.]

* * * * *

Minor Notes.

_A Note on Dress._--Dress is mutable, who denies it? but still old fashions are retained to a far greater extent than one would at first imagine. The Thames watermen rejoice in the dress of Elizabeth: while the royal beefeaters (buffetiers) wear that of private soldiers of the time of Henry VII.; the blue-coat boy, the costume of a London citizen of the reign of Edward VI.; the London charity-school girls, the plain mob cap and long gloves of the time of Queen Anne. In the brass badge of the cabmen, we see a retention of the dress of Elizabethan retainers: while the shoulder-knots that once decked an officer now adorn a footman. The attire of the sailor of William III.'s era is now seen amongst our fishermen. The university dress is as old as the age of the Smithfield martyrs. The linen bands of the pulpit and the bar are abridgments of the falling collar.

Other costumes are found lurking in provinces, and amongst some trades. The butchers' blue is the uniform of a guild. The quaint little head-dress of the market women of Kingswood, Gloucestershire, is in fact the gipsy hat of George II. Scarlet has been the colour of soldiers' uniform from the time of the Lacedemonians. The blue of the army we derived from the Puritans; of the navy from the colours of a mistress of George I.

TORRO.

_Curious Omen at Marriage_.--In Miss Benger's _Memoirs of Elizabeth, Queen of Bohemia_, it is mentioned that,--

"It is by several writers observed that, towards the close of the ceremony, _certain coruscations of joy_ appeared in Elizabeth's face, which were afterwards supposed to be sinister presages of her misfortunes."

In a note, Echard is alluded to as the authority for this singular circumstance.

Can any of your readers explain _why_ such a _coruscation of joy_ upon a wedding day should forebode evil? or whether any other instances are on record of its so doing?

H. A. B.

_Ventriloquist Hoax_ (Vol. ii., p. 101.).--The following is extracted from _Admirable Curiosities, Rarities, and Wonders in England, Scotland, and Ireland, by R. B., Author of the History of the Wars of England, &c._, Remarks of London, &c., 12mo., 1684, p. 137. It may serve as a pendant to the ventriloquist hoax mentioned by C. H., Vol. ii., p. 101.:--

"I have a letter by me, saith Mr. Clark, dated July 7, 1606, written by one Mr. Bovy to a minister in London, where he thus writes: 'Touching news, you shall understand that Mr. Sherwood hath received a letter from Mr. Arthur Hildersham, which containeth this following narrative: that at Brampton, in the parish of Torksey, near Gainsborough in Lincolnshire, an ash-tree shaketh both in the body and boughs thereof, and there proceed from thence sighs and groans, like those of a man troubled in his sleep, as if it felt some sensible torment. Many have climbed to the top thereof, where they heard the groans more plainly than they could below. One among the rest being a-top, spoke to the tree; but presently came down much astonished, and lay grovelling on the earth speechless for three hours, and then reviving said, _Brampton, Brampton,_ thou art much bound to pray.' The author of this news is one Mr. Vaughan, a minister who was there present and heard and saw these passages, and told Mr. Hildersham of it. The Earl of Lincoln caused one of the arms of the ash to be lopped off, and a hole to be bored into the body, and then was the sound or hollow voice heard more audibly than before; but in a kind of speech which they could not comprehend nor understand."

K. P. D. E.

_Barker, the original Panorama Painter._--Mr. Cunningham, at p. 376. of his admirable _Handbook of London,_ says that Robert Barker, who originated the Panorama in Leicester Square, died in 1806. Now, Barker, who preceded Burford, and eventually, I think, entered into partnership with him, married a friend of my family, a daughter of the Admiral Bligh against whom had been the mutiny in the _Bounty_. I remember Mr. Barker, and his house in Surrey Square, or some small square on the Surrey side of London Bridge; also its wooden rotunda for painting in; and this, too, at the time when the picture of Spitzbergen was in progress {407} and you felt almost a chill as the transparent icebergs were splashed on.

If there have not been two Messrs. Barker connected with the Panorama, Mr. Cunningham must be incorrect in his date, for I was not in existence in 1806.

A. G.

Ecclesfield.

* * * * *

MINOR QUERIES.

_Vegetable Sympathy._--I have been told that Sir Humphrey Davy asserted that the shoots of trees, if transplanted, will only live as long as the parent stock--supposing that to die naturally. How is this to be accounted for, if true?

A. A. D.

_Court Dress_--When was the present court dress first established as the recognised costume for state ceremonials? and if there are extant any orders of the Earl Marshal upon the subject, where are they printed?

HENCO.

_Dieu et mon Droit._--When was this first adopted as the motto of our sovereigns? I have heard widely different dates assigned to it.

LEICESTRENSIS.

_Cachecope Bell._--In the ancient accounts of the churchwardens of the parish of St. Mary-de-Castro, Leicester, and also in those of St. Martin in the same town, the term "cachecope," "kachecope," "catche coppe," or "catch-corpe-bell," is not of unfrequent occurrence: _e. g._, in the account for St. Mary's for the year 1490, we have:

"For castynge ye cachecope bell, js.

"It. To Thos. Raban for me'dyng ye kachecope bell whole, iiijd."

I have endeavoured in vain to ascertain the meaning and derivation of the word, which is not to be found in Mr. Halliwell's excellent _Dictionary of Archaic Words_. Can you enlighten me on the subject?

LEICESTRENSIS.

_The Image of both Churches._--A curious work, treating largely of the schism between the Catholics and Protestants in the reign of Queen Elizabeth, was printed at Tornay in 1623, under the following title: _The Image of bothe Churches, Hierusalem and Babel, Unitie and Confusion, Obedience and Sedition, by P. D. M._ What is the proof that this was written by Dr. Matthew Paterson?

EDWARD F. RIMBAULT.

_Double Names._--Perhaps some one would explain why so many persons formerly bore two names, as "Hooker _alias_ Vowel." Illegitimacy may have sometimes caused it: but this will not explain those cases where the bearers ostentatiously set forth both names. Perhaps they were the names of both parents, used even by lawfully born persons to distinguish themselves from others of the same paternal name.

T.

"_If this fair flower_," &c.--Would you kindly find a place for the lines which follow? I have but slender hopes of discovering their author, but think that their beauty is such as to deserve a reprint. They are not by Waller; nor Dryden, as far as I know. I found them in a periodical published in Scotland during the last century, and called _The Bee_.

"Lines supposed to have been addressed, with the present of a white rose, by a Yorkist, to a lady of the Lancastrian faction.

'If this fair flower offend thy sight, It in thy bosom bear: 'Twill blush to be outmatched in white And turn Lancastrian there!'"

I observe that amongst the many "Notes" and quotations on the subject of the supposed power of prophecy before death, no one has cited those most beautiful lines of Campbell in "Lochiel's Warning:"

"'Tis the _sunset_ of life gives me mystical lore, And coming events cast their shadows before."

W. J. BERNHARD SMITH.

Temple.

_Hugh Peachell--Sir John Marsham._--Can any of your correspondents give me information respecting one Hugh Peachell, of whom I find the following curious notice in a bundle of MSS. in the State Paper Office, marked "_America and West Indies, No._ 481A."

"St. Michael's Toune in ye Barbados, Sept. 30. [1670]. Jo Neuington, Addrese w. Mr. James Drawater, Merch^t at Mr. Jo. Lindapp's, at ye Bunch of Grapes in Ship yard by Temple barre.--All ye news I can write from here is, y^t one Hugh Peachell, who hath been in this Island allmost twenty years and lived w^{th} many persons of good esteem, and was last with Coll. Barwick. It was observed that he gained much monyes, yet none thrived lesse than hee; and falling sicke about 3 weeks since, was much troubled in his conscience, but would not utter himself to any but a minister, who being sent for He did acknowledge himself ye person y^t cut of ye head of King Charles, for w^{ch} he had 100^{lbs} and w^{th} much seeming penitence and receiving such comforts as the Devine, one parson Leshely, an emminent man here, could afford him, he dyed in a quarter of an hour afterwards. This you may report for truth, allthough you should not have it from any other hand. He had 100^{lbs} for ye doing of itt. There is one Wm. Hewit condemned for ye same, I think now in Newgate; he will be glad you acquaint him of this if he have it not allready."

Oldmixon, in his _British Empire in America_, mentions a Sir John Marsham of Barbados; was he a knight or baronet, and when did he die?

W. DOWNING BRUCE, F.S.A.

Middle Temple.

_Legend represented in Frettenham Church._--Perhaps some one of your numerous readers may {408} be able to give an explanation of the following legend, for such I suppose it to be:--

In the parish church of Frettenham, co. Norfolk, several alabaster carvings were discovered some years ago, near the chancel arch, having traces of colour. The most perfect, and the one which had most claims to merit as a piece of sculpture, represented a very curious scene. A horse was standing fixed in a kind of stocks, a machine for holding animals fast while they were being shod. But it (the horse) had only three legs: close by stood a Bishop, or mitred Abbot, holding the horse's missing fore quarter, on the hoof of which a smith was nailing a shoe. Of course the power which had so easily removed a leg would as easily replace it.

The details of the story may be very safely conjectured to have been--a Bishop or high church dignitary is going on a journey or pilgrimage; his horse drops a shoe; on being taken to a smith's to have it replaced, the animal becomes restive, and cannot be shod even with the help of the stocks; whereupon the bishop facilitates the operation in the manner before described. One feels tempted to ask why he could not have replaced the shoe without the smith's intervention.

What I want to know is, of whom is this story told? I regret that not having seen the carving in question, I can give no particulars of dress, &c., which might help to determine its age; nor could my informant, though he perfectly well remembered the subject represented. He told me that he had often mentioned it to people likely to know of the existence of such a legend, but could never gain any information respecting it.

C. J. E.

King's Col. Cambridge, May 9. 1851.

_King of Nineveh burns himself in his Palace_.--In a review of Mr. Layard's work on Nineveh (_Quarterly_, vol. lxxxiv. p. 140.) I find the following statement:

"The act of Sardanapalus in making his palace his own funeral pyre and burning himself upon it, is also attributed to the king who was overthrown by Cyaxares."

May I ask where the authority for this statement is to be found?

X. Z.

_Butchers not Jurymen_.--

"As the law does think it fit No butchers shall on juries sit."--Butler's _Ghost_, cant. ii.

The vulgar error expressed in these lines is not extinct, even at the present day. The only explanation I have seen of its origin is given in Barrington's _Observations on the more Ancient Statutes_, p. 474., on 3 Hen. VIII., where, after referring in the text to a statute by which surgeons were exempted from attendance on juries, he adds in a note:

"It may perhaps be thought singular to suppose that this exemption from serving on juries is the foundation of the vulgar error, that a surgeon or butcher from the barbarity of their business may be challenged as jurors."

Sir H. Spelman, in his _Answer to an Apology for Archbishop Abbott_, says,--

"In our law, those that were exercised in slaughter of beasts, were not received to be triers of the life of a man."--_Posth. Works_, p. 112.; _St. Trials_, vol. ii. p. 1171.

So learned a man as Spelman must, I think, have had some ground for this statement, and could scarcely be repeating a vulgar error taking its rise from a statute then hardly more than a hundred years old. I hope some of your readers will be able to give a more satisfactory explanation than Barrington's.

E. S. T. T.

_Redwing's Nest_.--I trust you will excuse my asking, if any of your correspondents have found the nest of the redwing? for I lately discovered what I consider as the egg of this bird in a nest containing four blackbirds' eggs. The egg answers exactly the description given of that of the redwing thrush, both in Bewick and Wood's _British Song Birds;_ being bluish-green, with a few largish spots of a dark brown colour. The nest was not lined with mud, as is usually the case with a blackbird's, but with moss and dried grass.

Has the egg of the redwing been ever seen in this situation before?

C. T. A.

Lyndon.

_Earth thrown upon the Coffin_.--Is there anything known respecting the origin of the ceremony of throwing earth upon the coffin at funerals? The following note is from a little German tale, _Die Richtensteiner_, by Van der Velde, a tale of the time of the Thirty Years' war. Whether the ceremony is still performed in Germany as there described, I do not know.

"Darauf warfen, nach der alten, frommen Sitte, zum letzten Lebewohl, der Wittwer, und die Waisen drei Haende voll Erde auf den Sarg hinunter ... Alle Zuschauer drangten sich nur um das Grab ... und aus hundert Haenden flog die Erde hinab auf den Sarg."

J. M. (4.)

_Family of Rowe_.--Lysons, in his work _Environs of London_, gives an extract from the will of Sir Thomas Rowe, of Hackney, and, as his authority, says in a note:--

"_Extracts of Wills in the Prerogative Office_, by E. Rowe Mores, Esq., in the possession of Th. Astle, Esq., F.R.A.S."

Can any of your numerous readers inform me in whose possession the above now is? And whether, wherever it is, it is open to inspection?

TEE BEE.

_Portus Canum_.--Erim, one of the biographers of Becket, states that the archbishop's murderers {409} (_S. Thom. Cantuar_., ed. Giles, vol. i. p. 65.), having crossed from France, landed at _Portus Canum_. It has been conjectured that this means Hythe, which is close to Saltwood Castle, where the knights were received by Ranulph de Broc (_English Review_, December, 1846, p. 410.). Is the conjecture right? I believe Hasted does not notice the name.

J. C. R.

_Arms of Sir John Davies_.--Can any of your correspondents inform me what were the arms, crest, and motto (if any), borne by Sir John Davies, the eminent lawyer and poet? In a collection which I have made of the armorial bearings of the families of Davies, Davis, and Davys, amounting to more than fifty distinct coats, there occur the arms of _three_ Sir John Davies or Davys, but there is nothing to distinguish which of them was _the_ Sir John.

LLAW GYFFES.

_William Penn_.--Will MR. HEPWORTH DIXON, or some of your correspondents, be so good as to send a reply to this Query?

What was the name, and whose daughter was the lady to whom William Penn (the son of William Penn and Miss Springett) was married?

A. N. C.

_Who were the Writers in the North Briton?_--The _Athenaeum_ of Saturday, May 17, contains a very interesting article on the recently published _Correspondence of Horace Walpole with Mason_, in which certain very palpable hits are made as to the identity of Mason and Junius. In the course of the article the following Query occurs:

"In the second Part of the folio edition of the _North Briton_ published by Bingley, in the British Museum, are inserted two folio pages of manuscript thus headed:--

'The Extraordinary NORTH BRITON. By W. M.'

This manuscript is professedly a copy from a publication issued June 3rd, 1768, by Staples Steare, 93. Fleet Street, price three-pence. It is a letter addressed to Lord Mansfield, and an appeal in favour of Wilkes, on whom, the writer says, judgment is this day to be pronounced. It is written somewhat in the style of Junius. The satire is so refined that the reader does not at first suspect that it is satire,--as in Junius's _Letters_, wherein the satirical compliments to the King have been mistaken for praise, and quoted in proof of inconsistency.

"Who was this 'W. M.'? Who were the writers in the _North Briton?_--not only 'The Extraordinary' _North Briton_, published by Steare, but the genuine _North Briton_, published by Bingley. These questions may perhaps be very simple, and easily answered by persons better informed than ourselves."

As the inquiries of your correspondent W. M. S. (Vol. iii., p. 241.) as to the Wilkes MSS. and the writers of the _North Briton_ have not yet been replied to, and this subject is one of great importance, will you allow me to recall attention to them?

F. S. A.

* * * * *

Minor Queries Answered.

"_Many a Word_."--Your correspondent's observations are perfectly correct: we daily use quotations we know not where to find. Perhaps some of your friends may be able to reply whence

"Many a word, at random spoke Will rend a heart that's well-nigh broke."

S. P.

[The lines will be found in Walter Scott's _Lord of the Isles_, Canto V. St. 18.

"O! many a shaft, at random sent Finds mark the archer little meant! And many a word, at random spoken May soothe or wound a heart's that broken!"]

_Roman Catholic Church_ (Vol. iii., p. 168.).--Many thanks for your reference to the _Almanach du Clerge de France_; but as I have failed to obtain the requisite information through my booksellers, might I beg the additional favour of knowing what is the cost of the book, and where it can be procured?

E. H. A.

[The _Almanach_ to which our correspondent refers is or was published by _Gaume freres a Paris_, and sold also by Grand, rue du Petit-Bourbon, 6, in the same city. Its price, judging from the size of the book, is about a couple of francs.]

_Tick_ (Vol. iii., p. 357.).--MR. DE LA PRYME'S suggestion as to the origin of the expression "going tick" is ingenious; nevertheless I take it to be clear that "tick" is merely an abbreviation of ticket. (See Nares's _Glossary_, and Halliwell's _Dictionary of Archaic and Provincial Words_, under "Ticket.") In addition to the passages cited by them from Decker, Cotgrave, Stephens, and Shirley, I may refer to the Act 16 Car. II. c. 7. s. 3., which relates to gambling and betting "upon ticket or credit."

C. H. COOPER.

Cambridge, May 3. 1851.

[In the _Mirrour for Magistrates_, p 421., we read:--

"Of _tickle credit_ ne had bin the mischiefe."

"Tickle credit," says Pegge, "means easy credit, alluding to the credulity of Theseus."--_Anonymiana_, cent. ii. 44. Mr. Jon Bee, in his _Sportsman's Slang Dictionary_, gives the following definition:--

"_Tick_", credit in small quantities; usually _scored_ up with chalk (called _ink_ ironically), which being done with a sound resembling 'tick, tick, tick,' gives the appellation 'going to _tick_,' '_tick_ it up,' 'my _tick_ is out,' 'no more _tick_!'"]